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Herpes Viruses (herpes + viruse)
Selected AbstractsHerpes viruses in periodontal compromised sites: comparison between HIV-positive and -negative patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Sabrina Rosa Grande Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in subgingival plaque, saliva and peripheral blood of HIV-positive and-negative patients with periodontal disease. Material and Methods: Fifty HIV-positive subjects (23 with gingivitis, 27 with periodontitis) and 50 healthy HIV-negative patients with chronic periodontitis were included in the study. Parameters of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index and plaque index were recorded. The samples were processed for viral identification by the nested polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: HCMV was the most prevalent virus in HIV-positive (82%) and-negative patients (84%), and the detection in the three samples was similar (p>0.05). HSV-1 was the least prevalent virus in both groups, being detected in similar frequencies in oral sites and in peripheral blood. EBV-1 was found more frequently in saliva and subgingival plaque of HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative patients (p0.05). Conclusions: EBV-1 was more frequently recovered in oral sites of HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative patients. [source] 1362: Infectious posterior uveitisACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010N MARKOMICHELAKIS Several infectious agents (parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses) can invade the eye and lead to ocular inflammation. Infectious causes should always be considered and ruled out in all patients with posterior uveitis. Toxoplasma gondii is by far the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis in all ages, while Toxocara canis infects typically children. Onchocerciasis and other parasitic diseases may also cause posterior uveitis, more commonly in developing countries. Nowadays, old bacterial diseases, tuberculosis and syphilis, emerged as common causes of posterior uveitis. Bartonella henselae and Borrelia burgdorferi are other bacteria that can also cause posterior uveitis. Fungal posterior uveitis usually occurs in immunosuppressed patients or in intravenous drug users. Herpes viruses (HSV, VZV, CMV) are also associated with infectious retinitis, in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent patients, with quite destructive clinical course. Recently, more viruses (such as West Nile virus, Rift valley fever, dengue fever, and chikungunya) have been recognized as etiologic factors of posterior infectious uveitis. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is of high importance for the successful treatment and visual outcome of infectious uveitis. Techniques and methods, such PCR and detection of specific antibodies in the intraocular fluids (Goldmann-Witmer coefficient), play a key role towards the detection of the pathogen of posterior infectious uveitis. [source] 2251: Anterior uveitis caused by Herpes virusesACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010N MARKOMICHELAKIS [source] Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and herpes viruses within the oral mucosaCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 2 2005F. X. Mbopi-Keou Abstract There is evidence from clinical case reports and epidemiological studies that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted through oral sex. Herpes viruses that appear in the oral mucosa might influence the oral replication of HIV. A review of data suggesting that interactions occur between HIV and herpes viruses indicates that such interactions might operate in the oral mucosa. Defining the mechanisms by which herpes viruses interact with HIV in the oral mucosa should permit intervention measures to be targeted more precisely. [source] Prevalence of human papilloma virus and human herpes virus types 1,7 in human nasal polyposisJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 9 2009Apostolos Zaravinos Abstract This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus-1/-2 (HSV-1/-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein,Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpes virus-6/-7 (HHV-6/-7) in 23 human nasal polyps by applying PCR. Two types of control tissues were used: adjacent inferior/middle turbinates from the patients and inferior/middle turbinates from 13 patients undergoing nasal corrective surgery. EBV was the virus most frequently detected (35%), followed by HPV (13%), HSV-1 (9%), and CMV (4%). The CMV-positive polyp was simultaneously positive for HSV-1. HPV was also detected in the adjacent turbinates (4%) and the adjacent middle turbinate (4%) of one of the HPV-positive patients. EBV, HSV, and CMV were not detected in the adjacent turbinates of the EBV-, HSV- or CMV-positive patients. All mucosae were negative for the VZV, HHV-6, and HHV-7. This is the first study to deal with the involvement of a comparable group of viruses in human nasal polyposis. The findings support the theory that the presence of viral EBV markedly influences the pathogenesis of these benign nasal tumors. The low incidence of HPV detected confirms the hypothesis that HPV is correlated with infectious mucosal lesions to a lesser extent than it is with proliferative lesions, such as inverted papilloma. The low incidence of HSV-1 and CMV confirms that these two herpes viruses may play a minor role in the development of nasal polyposis. Double infection with HSV-1 and CMV may also play a minor, though causative, role in nasal polyp development. VZV and HHV-6/-7 do not appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of these mucosal lesions. J. Med. Virol. 81:1613,1619, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of Epstein,Barr virus in chronic periodontitis patientsJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2005Antonis Konstantinidis Background:, Although herpes viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic and aggressive periodontitis, few data in the literature refer to quantification of these viruses in periodontal sites, especially in relation to serological findings. Objective:, The aim of the present study was to compare Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in subgingival specimens from chronic periodontitis patients and in periodontally healthy subjects, in relation to serologic testing of IgM and IgG antibodies to EBV. Methods:, A total of 22 chronic periodontitis patients and 13 controls participated in the present study. Seventy-nine subgingival specimens (one pooled, one from a deep and one from a shallow site), sampled with paper points, were analysed with real-time polymerase chain reaction for EBV. Subjects were also examined for anti-EBV IgG and IgM levels in serum, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:, One subject was seronegative for EBV. Three subjects (one patient and two controls) displayed anti-EBV IgM. Their data were excluded from further analysis. All three displayed EBV in their subgingival samples. Nine out of the remaining 20 chronic periodontitis patients and 10 out of 11 controls did not display EBV subgingivally. A statistically significant difference in viral load was observed between pooled and shallow-pocket samples from periodontitis patients but not between samples from deep and shallow pockets (Kruskall,Wallis anova, Dunn's multiple comparisons test). Conclusions:, Data from the present study do not strongly support the pathogenetic significance of EBV in chronic periodontitis lesions. The data do, however, suggest that parallel serological assessments provide a useful insight into the association of viruses with periodontal disease. [source] Viruses in periodontal disease , a reviewORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2005I Cappuyns The purpose of this review was to evaluate the evidence supporting the hypothesis that viral infection plays a role in the development of periodontitis. An involvement in periodontal diseases has been suspected specifically for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes viruses. An association has been demonstrated between HIV infection and some distinct forms of periodontal infection, i.e. necrotizing lesions. Furthermore, reports of increased prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis in HIV-positive subjects suggests that HIV infection predispose to chronic periodontitis. Several studies, most of them from the same research group, have demonstrated an association of herpesviruses with periodontal disease. Viral DNA have been detected in gingival tissue, gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque from periodontaly diseased sites. In addition markers of herpesviral activation have been demonstrated in the GCF from periodontal lesions. Active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in periodontal sites may suggest that HCMV re-activation triggers periodontal disease activity. Concerns regarding sampling, methods and interpretation cast doubts on the role of viruses as causes of periodontal disease. [source] Hypothesis: Could Epstein-Barr virus play a role in the development of gastroschisis?BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010Martha M. Werler BACKGROUND: The strong inverse association between maternal age and risk of gastroschisis in offspring has spurred many investigators to hypothesize that behaviors among younger females are the cause. Examples include cigarette smoking, illicit drugs, genitourinary infections, and sexually transmitted diseases, each of which has been reported to be associated with gastroschisis. Although these exposures are more common in young women, recent studies have shown that cigarette smoking, genitourinary infections, and sexually transmitted diseases are most strongly associated with gastroschisis in older women. There is both anecdotal and published evidence showing that gastroschisis sometimes (but not always) occurs in clusters, raising the possibility that an infectious agent might be involved in its pathogenesis. RESULTS: One such agent whose epidemiologic characteristics parallel those of gastroschisis is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Primary EBV infection in early childhood has been decreasing over time, leaving a greater proportion of adolescents at risk, as reflected by increased rates of infectious mononucleosis over time. During the childbearing years, risk of primary EBV infection decreases dramatically, as does risk of gastroschisis. The stronger risks of gastroschisis associated with cigarette smoking, genitourinary infections, and sexually transmitted diseases in older women might be explained by EBV reactivation resulting from multiple challenges to immune response such as pregnancy, age, toxic exposures, and genitourinary and sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSION: EBV and other herpes viruses should be added to the research agenda for gastroschisis. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Herpes folliculitis: clinical, histopathological, and molecular pathologic observationsBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2006A. Böer Summary Background, Herpes folliculitis is a rare manifestation of herpes virus infection and it is often misdiagnosed. Diagnostic criteria are not well established, only 24 patients being reported in the literature. Recently it has been suggested that herpetic folliculitis is more common in infections with varicella zoster (VZV) than in those with herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and -2). Objectives, To refine diagnostic criteria for folliculitis caused by VZV, HSV-1 and HSV-2, and to study whether follicular involvement enables morphological differentiation between VZV and HSV infections. Patients and methods, Twenty-one patients with herpetic infection of follicular epithelium were assessed clinically and histopathologically. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies for specific DNA of herpes viruses were performed on paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. Results, In 17 of our cases PCR was positive for VZV, four were positive for HSV-1, none for HSV-2. The clinical presentation of herpes folliculitis often lacked vesicles or pustules (14/21). Histopathological features were often devoid of ballooning (12/21), multinucleated giant cells (12/21) and keratinocytes with steel grey nuclei (15/21). The most consistent findings were lymphocytic folliculitis and perifolliculitis (20/21) and necrotic keratinocytes in follicular epithelium (12/21). In zoster, but not in varicella eruption or HSV infections, follicular involvement was unaccompanied by marked changes in the epidermal surface. Conclusions, In biopsy specimens taken from herpes virus infections, involvement of follicular units is more commonly encountered in VZV infections compared with HSV infections. Early in the course, herpes folliculitis presents as lymphocytic folliculitis devoid of epithelial changes considered to be diagnostic of herpes virus infections. Exclusive involvement of follicles is rather typical of zoster. [source] Uveitis caused by fastidious bacteriaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009B BODAGHI Purpose The etiologic evaluation of uveitis is frequently unsuccessful if only noninvasive methods are used. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate systematic screening for pathogens of uveitis. Methods All patients with uveitis referred to the participating tertiary ophthalmology departments from January 2001 to September 2007 underwent intraocular and serum specimen collection. The standardized protocol for laboratory investigations included universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of any bacteria and mycoses, specific PCR-based detection of fastidious (difficult-to-grow) bacteria and herpes viruses, and culture of vitreous fluid. Sera were tested for fastidious bacteria. Results Among the 1321 included patients, infection was diagnosed in 147 (11.1%) patients: 78 (53%) were caused by fastidious bacteria that included spirochetes, Bartonella species, intracellular bacteria (Chlamydia species, Rickettsia species, Coxiella burnetii), and Tropheryma whipplei; 18 by herpes viruses; and 9 by fungi. Bartonella quintana, Coxiella burnetii, Paracoccus yeei, Aspergillus oryzae, and Cryptococcus albidus were found to be associated with uveitis for the first time, to our knowledge. Conclusion We recommend applying a 1-step diagnostic procedure that incorporates intraocular, specific microbial PCR with serum analyses in tertiary centers to determine the etiology of uveitis. [source] Main Structural and Stereochemical Aspects of the Antiherpetic Activity of Nonahydroxyterphenoyl-Containing C -Glycosidic EllagitanninsCHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 2 2004Stéphane Quideau Antiherpetic evaluation of five nonahydroxyterphenoyl-containing C -glycosidic ellagitannins, castalagin (1), vescalagin (2), grandinin (3), roburin B (5), and roburin D (7), was performed in cultured cells against four HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains, two of which were resistant to Acyclovir. All five ellagitannins displayed significant anti-HSV activities against the Acyclovir -resistant mutants, but the monomeric structures 1,3 were more active than the dimers 5 and 7. Vescalagin (2) stands out among the five congeners tested as the most potent and selective inhibitor, with an IC50 value in the subfemtomolar range and a selectivity index 5×105 times higher than that of Acyclovir. Molecular modeling was used to provide a rationale for the surprisingly lower activity profile of its epimer castalagin (1). These ellagitannins have promising potential as novel inhibitors in the search for non-nucleoside drugs active against Acyclovir -resistant herpes viruses. [source] Human herpes simplex labialisCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2007M. Fatahzadeh Summary Humans are the natural host for eight of more than 80 known herpes viruses. Infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are ubiquitous worldwide and highly transmissible. Herpes simplex labialis (HSL) is the best-recognized recrudescent infection of the lips and perioral tissues caused by HSV-1. Facial lesions of HSL may be unsightly, frequent outbreaks unpleasant, and the infection itself more severe locally and systemically in immunocompromised people. This article highlights the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic features and management issues for HSL. [source] Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and herpes viruses within the oral mucosaCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 2 2005F. X. Mbopi-Keou Abstract There is evidence from clinical case reports and epidemiological studies that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted through oral sex. Herpes viruses that appear in the oral mucosa might influence the oral replication of HIV. A review of data suggesting that interactions occur between HIV and herpes viruses indicates that such interactions might operate in the oral mucosa. Defining the mechanisms by which herpes viruses interact with HIV in the oral mucosa should permit intervention measures to be targeted more precisely. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||