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Height Velocity (height + velocity)
Kinds of Height Velocity Selected AbstractsGrowth and long-term lung function in cystic fibrosis: A longitudinal study of patients diagnosed by neonatal screeningPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Baroukh Maurice Assael MD Abstract Objective So far there is no long-term analysis relating the achievement of growth milestones (such as prepubertal and pubertal take-off and peak velocity) to the course of respiratory function from childhood to adulthood in cystic fibrosis. This study was designed to evaluate linear growth and severity of lung disease, find a correlation between growth and disease severity throughout childhood. Patients One hundred sixty-three patients from one center were selected according to: diagnosis by neonatal screening, complete follow-up available (four height measurements/year) until the age of 20, respiratory tests available from the age of 5,6 years until adulthood, lung transplantation, or death. Disease was classified as mild or severe according to FEV1 (group 1 and group 2). A third group of patients (group 3) consisted of those who died or underwent lung transplantation before the age of 18. Methods Individual growth profiles were fitted with a seven-constant nonlinear growth function. A multivariate linear model was fitted, with gender and severity of disease as covariates, and age, height, and height velocity at growth milestones as dependent variables. Data were compared with those of the normal Italian population. Results Lung disease severity correlates with delayed prepubertal and pubertal growth milestones. Peak height velocities were significantly reduced in relation to the severity of the disease. Conclusions Patients with severe forms of cystic fibrosis exhibit reduced growth velocity values at an early age, before a clear decline in pulmonary function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:209,215. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Growth velocity standards from longitudinally measured infants of age 0,2 years born in Shiraz, southern IranAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005S.M.T. Ayatollahi This paper presents growth velocity data for a cohort of 317 infants (164 girls and 153 boys) born in Shiraz, southern Iran, in 1996 and followed longitudinally for 2 years. The growth velocity of five anthropometric measurements (height, weight, arm, head, and chest circumferences) declined rapidly from 2 weeks to 7 months of age and less steeply thereafter for both sexes. Growth velocities for boys were higher than girls in the first months but did not differ significantly later on. However, growth velocity centiles for girls lie below those for boys throughout the age range studied. Weight velocities in the Iranian infants were significantly lower than for corresponding infants in the U.K., the Middle East, and Africa, but height velocities were generally higher. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17:302,309, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Recombinant hGH replacement therapy and the hypothalamus,pituitary,thyroid axis in children with GH deficiency: when should we be concerned about the occurrence of central hypothyroidism?CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 6 2003Claudia Giavoli Summary objective, Recombinant hGH treatment may alter thyroid hormone metabolism and we have recently reported that 50% of patients with GH deficiency (GHD) due to organic lesions, previously not treated with thyroxine, developed hypothyroidism during treatment with recombinant human GH (rhGH). These results prompted us to evaluate the impact of rhGH treatment on thyroid function in children with GHD. design, Open study of GH treatment up to 12 months. Investigations were performed at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months of GH therapy. measurement and study subjects, Serum TSH, FT4, FT3, AbTg and AbTPO, IGF-I, height and weight, were evaluated in 20 euthyroid children (group A) with idiopathic isolated GHD and in six children (group B) with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) due to organic lesions. Among the latter, four already had central hypothyroidism and were on adequate LT4 replacement therapy, while two were euthyroid at the beginning of the study. results, Serum IGF-I levels normalized in all patients. In both groups, a significant reduction in FT4 levels (P < 0·01) occurred during rhGH therapy. No patient in group A had FT4 values into the hypothyroid range, while in four of six patients in group B, fell FT4 levels into the hypothyroid range during rhGH. In particular, the two euthyroid children developed central hypothyroidism during rhGH treatment, and their height velocities did not normalize until the achievement of euthyroidism through appropriate LT4 substitution. No variation in serum FT3 and TSH levels was recorded in either groups. conclusion, Contrary to that observed in patients with MPHD, rhGH replacement therapy does not induce central hypothyroidism in children with idiopathic isolated GHD, further supporting the view that in children with MPHD, as in adults, GHD masks the presence of central hypothyroidism. Slow growth (in spite of adequate rhGH substitution and normal IGF-I levels) is an important clinical marker of central hypothyroidism, therefore a strict monitoring of thyroid function is mandatory in treated children with MPHD. [source] Longitudinal growth and height velocity of Japanese children with Down's syndromeACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2003J Kimura Aim: To determine the natural growth pattern of Japanese children with Down's syndrome. Methods: Longitudinal height data of 85 patients (43 males, 42 females) from birth to final height were analyzed. Based on these data, semi-longitudinal standard growth curves and height velocity curves for Down's syndrome were drawn. Results: The means ± SD of final height of males and females with Down's syndrome were 153.2 ± 5.6 and 141.9 ± 4.2 cm, respectively. They were ,3.0 SD and ,2.8 SD for Japanese standards. Mean peak height velocities were 8.9 and 7.5 cm y,1, and the ages at peak height velocity were 11.6 and 10.2 y for males and females, respectively. Conclusion: The mean height of patients with Down's syndrome was around ,2 SD for normal children before puberty. Their pubertal growth spurt starts about 1 y earlier and their peak height velocity was about 1.3,1.4 cm shorter than for normal children. [source] Growth and Bone Mineral Accretion During Puberty in Chinese Girls: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study,,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008Kun Zhu Abstract There are few longitudinal data on bone development during puberty in children with low calcium intake. This 5-yr longitudinal study showed that, in Chinese girls, the mean apparent calcium retention efficiency during puberty was 40.9%, PHV occurred at 3,0 yr before menarche, and peak bone mineral accretion occurred 1 yr later than PHV. Chinese girls have high calcium retention efficiency during puberty. Introduction: There are few longitudinal data on bone development during puberty in children with low dietary calcium intake. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of growth and bone mineral accretion and study the predictors of total body BMC during puberty in a 5-yr longitudinal study with Chinese girls. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two girls, 9.5,10.5 yr of age at baseline, from the unsupplemented control group of a school milk intervention trial were included in this analysis. Data on anthropometric measurements, total body BMC as assessed by DXA, and calcium intake as assessed by a 3-day food record were obtained at baseline and 1, 2, 4, and 5 yr. Results: The mean age of menarche was 12.1 ± 1.0 yr. The mean annual rate of bone mineral accretion was 197.4 g/yr during the follow-up period, representing a calcium accretion rate of 162.3 mg/d. This calcium retention rate and the average dietary calcium intake of 444.1 mg/d gave an apparent calcium retention efficiency of 40.9%. Peak height velocity (PHV) occurred at 3,0 yr before menarche. Peak bone mineral accretion occurred 1 yr later than PHV. There was a decrease in size-corrected BMD in the year before menarche. In the linear mixed-effects model analysis containing body size and lifestyle factors, we found that height, body weight, and calcium intake were significant independent predictors of total body BMC. Conclusions: Chinese girls with low habitual dietary calcium intake have high calcium retention efficiency during puberty. Because calcium intake is a significant predictor of total body BMC, increasing dietary calcium intake may have beneficial effects on bone mineral accretion in these girls. [source] Calcium Accretion in Girls and Boys During Puberty: A Longitudinal AnalysisJOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 11 2000Donald A. Bailey Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude and variability of peak calcium accretion rates in the skeletons of healthy white adolescents. Total-body bone mineral content (BMC) was measured annually on six occasions by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic 2000, array mode), a BMC velocity curve was generated for each child by a cubic spline fit, and peak accretion rates were determined. Anthropometric measures were collected every 6 months and a 24-h dietary recall was recorded two to three times per year. Of the 113 boys and 115 girls initially enrolled in the study, 60 boys and 53 girls who had peak height velocity (PHV) and peak BMC velocity values were used in this longitudinal analysis. When the individual BMC velocity curves were aligned on the age of peak bone mineral velocity, the resulting mean peak bone mineral accrual rate was 407 g/year for boys (SD, 92 g/year; range, 226,651 g/year) and 322 g/year for girls (SD, 66 g/year; range, 194,520 g/year). Using 32.2% as the fraction of calcium in bone mineral, as determined by neutron activation analysis (Ellis et al., J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:843-848), these corresponded to peak calcium accretion rates of 359 mg/day for boys (81 mg/day; 199,574 mg/day) and 284 mg/day for girls (58 mg/day; 171,459 mg/day). These longitudinal results are 27,34% higher than our previous cross-sectional analysis in which we reported mean values of 282 mg/day for boys and 212 mg/day for girls (Martin et al., Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:611-615). Mean age of peak calcium accretion was 14.0 years for the boys (1.0 years; 12.0-15.9 years), and 12.5 years for the girls (0.9 years; 10.5-14.6 years). Dietary calcium intake, determined as the mean of all assessments up to the age of peak accretion was 1140 mg/day (SD, 392 mg/day) for boys and 1113 mg/day (SD, 378 mg/day) for girls. We estimate that 26% of adult calcium is laid down during the 2 adolescent years of peak skeletal growth. This period of rapid growth requires high accretion rates of calcium, achieved in part by increased retention efficiency of dietary calcium. [source] Effect of a gluten-free diet on growth and small-bowel histology in children with celiac disease in IndiaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2007Surender K Yachha Abstract Background and Aim:, Follow-up studies on growth and histological recovery of children with celiac disease (CD) while on a gluten-free diet (GFD) are lacking from Asia. We therefore assessed the effects of this diet. Methods:, Forty-two children with CD were enrolled. Weight and height were expressed as weight for height (WfH) and height standard deviation scores (HSDS), respectively. Twenty-five children had repeated duodenal biopsies after 1,2 years and 14 had a third biopsy after 3,7 years of GFD. Compliance was checked by regular interview and IgA antiendomysial antibody estimation (EMA). Results:, At diagnosis (n = 25), mean HSDS was ,3.3 ± 1.6 with 76% having a HSDS of <,2; 60% were undernourished (WfH mean 81.6 ± 5.7). Over a mean follow up of 3.7 years, HSDS improved to ,1.3 ± 1.7 and 84% cases achieved normal nutrition. Mean height velocity was 13.9 cm during first year and 5.6 cm in subsequent years. Small-bowel biopsies at diagnosis showed subtotal villous atrophy (Marsh IIIb) in 18 (72%) and partial villous atrophy (Marsh IIIa) in seven (28%) patients. Repeat biopsy at 1,2 years showed shift from subtotal to partial villous atrophy in 94% (n = 17/18) and normalization in one patient. In patients with Marsh IIIa improvement of partial villous atrophy was observed in all. Immunoglobulin A endomysial antibody was negative in 81%. Repeat biopsies at 5 years of GFD showed improvement to Marsh I,II, but none normalized. Conclusion:, The majority of children with CD show normalization of nutrition and growth after GFD. Small-bowel histology improves markedly but does not normalize even after 5 years of GFD. [source] Growth and long-term lung function in cystic fibrosis: A longitudinal study of patients diagnosed by neonatal screeningPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Baroukh Maurice Assael MD Abstract Objective So far there is no long-term analysis relating the achievement of growth milestones (such as prepubertal and pubertal take-off and peak velocity) to the course of respiratory function from childhood to adulthood in cystic fibrosis. This study was designed to evaluate linear growth and severity of lung disease, find a correlation between growth and disease severity throughout childhood. Patients One hundred sixty-three patients from one center were selected according to: diagnosis by neonatal screening, complete follow-up available (four height measurements/year) until the age of 20, respiratory tests available from the age of 5,6 years until adulthood, lung transplantation, or death. Disease was classified as mild or severe according to FEV1 (group 1 and group 2). A third group of patients (group 3) consisted of those who died or underwent lung transplantation before the age of 18. Methods Individual growth profiles were fitted with a seven-constant nonlinear growth function. A multivariate linear model was fitted, with gender and severity of disease as covariates, and age, height, and height velocity at growth milestones as dependent variables. Data were compared with those of the normal Italian population. Results Lung disease severity correlates with delayed prepubertal and pubertal growth milestones. Peak height velocities were significantly reduced in relation to the severity of the disease. Conclusions Patients with severe forms of cystic fibrosis exhibit reduced growth velocity values at an early age, before a clear decline in pulmonary function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:209,215. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The association between pubertal status and sleep duration and quality among a nationally representative sample of U. S. AdolescentsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Kristen L. Knutson Many hormones play important roles in both pubertal development and sleep regulation. Because of the possible consequences of impaired sleep, including impaired health and cognition, it is important to examine whether an association between pubertal stage and sleep exists. The aim of this analysis is to examine the association between sleep and adolescent growth and developmental stage in a large sample of adolescents ages 12,16 years from a nationally representative longitudinal study. This analysis used the public-use data set of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, an extensive survey of health and behavior among adolescents in the United States. The study included two interviews approximately 1 year apart. Pubertal development, sleep variables, and height are self-reported. Pubertal development scores were calculated by summing responses to three questions for each sex. The sleep variables include sleep duration, frequent insomnia (once/week or more), frequently waking tired (once/week or more), and insufficient sleep. The results indicate a sex difference in the association between sleep problems and pubertal development. Among females, there was a significant increase in sleep problems with increasing pubertal development score, but not among males. The negative association between sleep duration and pubertal development score, however, was significant in both males and females. There is no association between sleep duration and height velocity (inches/year) in this sample. The results, which are based on a large sample size, warrant further examination with more objective measures into the association between sleep and growth and development among adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17:418,424, 2005.© 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Steroid Withdrawal after Pediatric Renal TransplantationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2010M. R. Benfield In an effort to reduce rejection, extend allograft survival and minimize complications, we hypothesized that robust immunosuppression during the first 6 months after transplantation would allow for the safe withdrawal of steroids. A total of 274 pediatric subjects were enrolled and received an anti-CD25 antibody, sirolimus, calcineurin inhibitor and steroids. At 6 months after transplantation, subjects were randomized to steroid withdrawal (n = 73) versus continued low-dose steroids (n = 59). This study was stopped prior to target enrollment because of the incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. At the time of study termination, 132 subjects had been randomized and were available for analysis. At 18 months after transplantation, there was no difference in the standardized height z score; however, the standardized height velocity was greater in the steroid withdrawal group compared to the control group (p = 0.033). There were no differences in acute rejection episodes between treatment groups. The 3-year allograft survival rate was 84.5% in the control group and 98.6% in the steroid withdrawal group (p = 0.002). The immunosuppressive protocol utilized in this study allowed for the withdrawal of steroids without an increased risk of rejection or allograft loss. However, the complications associated with the use of this immunosuppressive protocol were too high to recommend its routine use in pediatric patients. [source] Longitudinal growth and height velocity of Japanese children with Down's syndromeACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2003J Kimura Aim: To determine the natural growth pattern of Japanese children with Down's syndrome. Methods: Longitudinal height data of 85 patients (43 males, 42 females) from birth to final height were analyzed. Based on these data, semi-longitudinal standard growth curves and height velocity curves for Down's syndrome were drawn. Results: The means ± SD of final height of males and females with Down's syndrome were 153.2 ± 5.6 and 141.9 ± 4.2 cm, respectively. They were ,3.0 SD and ,2.8 SD for Japanese standards. Mean peak height velocities were 8.9 and 7.5 cm y,1, and the ages at peak height velocity were 11.6 and 10.2 y for males and females, respectively. Conclusion: The mean height of patients with Down's syndrome was around ,2 SD for normal children before puberty. Their pubertal growth spurt starts about 1 y earlier and their peak height velocity was about 1.3,1.4 cm shorter than for normal children. [source] | ||||||||||