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Hand Grip (hand + grip)
Selected AbstractsStroke volume decreases during mild dynamic and static exercise in supine humansACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 2 2009M. Elstad Abstract Aim:, The contributions of cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance to changes in arterial blood pressure are debated and differ between dynamic and static exercise. We studied the role stroke volume (SV) has in mild supine exercise. Methods:, We investigated 10 healthy, supine volunteers by continuous measurement of heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure, SV (ultrasound Doppler) and femoral beat volume (ultrasound Doppler) during both dynamic mild leg exercise and static forearm exercise. This made it possible to study CO, femoral flow (FF) and both total and femoral peripheral resistance beat-by-beat. Results:, During a countdown period immediately prior to exercise, HR and mean arterial pressure increased, while SV decreased. During mild supine exercise, SV decreased by 5,8%, and most of this was explained by increased mean arterial pressure. Dynamic leg exercise doubled femoral beat volume, while static hand grip decreased femoral beat volume by 18%. FF is tightly regulated according to metabolic demand during both dynamic leg exercise and static forearm exercise. Conclusion:, Our three major findings are, firstly, that SV decreases during both dynamic and static mild supine exercise due to an increase in mean arterial pressure. Secondly, femoral beat volume decreases during static hand grip, but FF is unchanged due to the increase in HR. Finally, anticipatory responses to exercise are apparent prior to both dynamic and static exercise. SV changes contribute to CO changes and should be included in studies of central haemodynamics during exercise. [source] Associations Between Lower Extremity Ischemia, Upper and Lower Extremity Strength, and Functional Impairment with Peripheral Arterial DiseaseJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 4 2008Mary M. McDermott MD OBJECTIVES: To identify associations between lower extremity ischemia and leg strength, leg power, and hand grip in persons with and without lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). To determine whether poorer strength may mediate poorer lower extremity performance in persons with lower arterial brachial index (ABI) levels. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred twenty-four persons with PAD and 271 without PAD. MEASUREMENTS: Isometric knee extension and plantarflexion strength and handgrip strength were measured using a computer-linked strength chair. Knee extension power was measured using the Nottingham leg rig. ABI, 6-minute walk, and usual and fastest 4-m walking velocity were measured. Results were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Lower ABI values were associated with lower plantarflexion strength (P trend=.04) and lower knee extension power (P trend <.001). There were no significant associations between ABI and handgrip or knee extension isometric strength. Significant associations between ABI and measures of lower extremity performance were attenuated after additional adjustment for measures of strength. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower extremity ischemia impairs strength specifically in distal lower extremity muscles. Associations between lower extremity ischemia and impaired lower extremity strength may mediate associations between lower ABI values and greater functional impairment. [source] Long-term effect of ghrelin on nutritional status and functional capacity in the elderly: a population-based cohort studyCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Mateu Serra-Prat Summary Background, Ghrelin stimulates GH release and hunger at a central level. Ghrelin declines with age, which may be partially responsible for functional impairment and frailty. Objective, To describe the evolution of nutritional status and functional capacity of noninstitutionalized old people over a 2-year period, as well as to evaluate the relationship between ghrelin and long-term changes in nutritional and functional status in this population. Design, A population-based cohort study was designed in which 313 randomly selected persons, 70 years old or older, were followed for a 2-year period. Functional (Barthel and Guralnik scores and hand grip) and nutritional (MNA-SF, weight and BMI) assessments were performed during basal and 2-year follow-up visits. Ghrelin and hormonal components of the gonadotrophe and somatotrophe axis were determined. Results, During follow-up, 13% of men and 20% of women showed a >5% weight loss, and the nutritional status of 18% of men and 39% of women deteriorated. Men lost 12·1% and women lost 9·7% of their initial hand grip strength. In men, low basal ghrelin levels were associated with higher weight loss and poorer hand grip but not with the MNA-SF measure, whereas in women, low basal ghrelin levels were associated with a decline in nutritional status (MNA-SF) but not with weight loss and hand grip decline. Conclusion, Low ghrelin levels have been related to worsening nutritional status in a 2-year follow-up period in people 70 years old or older, which suggests this hormone could become a useful therapeutic target in the elderly. [source] | ||||||||||