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Half Emptying (half + emptying)
Selected AbstractsLong-term cisapride treatment improves diabetic gastroparesis but not glycaemic controlALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 7 2002B. Braden Background: In patients with diabetic gastroparesis, delayed food delivery to the intestine may become a major obstacle to post-prandial glycaemic control. Aim: To investigate whether cisapride accelerates gastric emptying in the long term or improves diabetes control in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Methods: Eighty-five patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7.0%), dyspepsia and diabetic neuropathy were tested for impaired gastric emptying of solids by the 13C-octanoate breath test. Nineteen of these patients with severe diabetic gastroparesis (i.e. t1/2 > 170 min) were randomly treated with 10 mg cisapride t.d.s. (n=9) or placebo (n=10) for 12 months. Thereafter, the breath test, dyspeptic symptoms and HbA1c values were reassessed. Results: Half emptying times in nine patients with diabetic gastroparesis were significantly shortened by cisapride (175 ± 46 min vs. 227 ± 40 min; P < 0.03). Half emptying times in the 10 patients taking placebo did not change (205 ± 37 min vs. 211 ± 36 min, P=0.54). Cisapride significantly reduced dyspepsia (score: 4.1 ± 1.6 vs. 2.0 ± 0.5, P=0.002). HbA1c values after 12 months of treatment were not different (cisapride: 7.7 ± 0.4% vs. 7.6 ± 0.9%, P=0.76; placebo: 7.5 ± 0.6% vs. 7.6 ± 1.5%, P=0.89). Conclusions: Prokinetic treatment with cisapride accelerates gastric emptying of solids and improves dyspeptic symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis. Glycaemic control, however, is not affected by cisapride. [source] Gastric Stasis Occurs in Spontaneous, Visually Induced, and Interictal MigraineHEADACHE, Issue 10 2007Sheena Aurora MD Objective., To evaluate and compare gastric motility and emptying during spontaneous migraine to previous observations from induced migraine. Blackground., We have previously demonstrated a delay in gastric emptying both during the interictal period and during an induced migraine. A limitation noted in these studies was whether there are differences gastrointestinally during a visually induced migraine compared to spontaneous migraines. To address this, 9 additional studies have been performed to ascertain if there is a similar delay during spontaneous migraine Methods., Gastric scintigraphy using a standard meal was performed in 3 subjects during 3 periods: spontaneous migraine, induced migraine, and interictal period. Results., On average, the time to half emptying was delayed during spontaneous migraine (124 minutes), during induced migraine (182 minutes), and during the interictal period migraine (243 minutes) compared to normative values established at our center (112 minutes). On average, similar gastric slowing was seen in all 3 groups when the percentage of nuclear material remaining in the stomach at 2 hours was measured. Conclusions., This study provides additional evidence of gastric stasis in migraineurs interictally during induced and spontaneous migraine. [source] Gastric Stasis in Migraine: More Than Just a Paroxysmal Abnormality During a Migraine AttackHEADACHE, Issue 1 2006Objective.,The aim of this article is to evaluate gastric motility and emptying in the ictal and interictal period in migraine. Background.,Nausea is a predominant symptom of migraine and the basis of it is thought to be gastric stasis. Objective methods to establish this are however lacking. We utilized gastric scintigraphy studies to determine gastric motility in the ictal and interictal period of migraine. Methods.,Ten migraine subjects were compared to equal number of age and sex matched controls. Gastric scintigraphy using a standard meal was performed in all control subjects once and in all 10 migraine subjects in the interictal period and nine studies were performed in the ictal period migraine. Results.,The time to half emptying was delayed in migraine ictally (78%) and interictal period (80%) using normative data at this institution. Gastric stasis was less pronounced ictally (149.9 minutes) compared to interictal period (188.8 minutes). There was a significant delay compared to nonmigrainous controls (migraine 188.8 minutes vs normal controls 111.8 minutes; P < .05). These data were replicated in percentage of radioactive material remaining in the stomach at 2 hours. Conclusions.,Contrary to previous belief, this study has demonstrated that migraineurs suffer from gastric stasis both during and outside an acute migraine attack. This may suggest that migraineurs may have an abnormal autonomic function compared to nonmigrainous controls. The potential role of this in pathophysiology of migraine is discussed and avenues for further investigations are explored. [source] Ghrelin receptor agonist (TZP-101) accelerates gastric emptying in adults with diabetes and symptomatic gastroparesisALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 11 2009N. EJSKJAER Summary Background, TZP-101 is a synthetic, selective ghrelin agonist in development for gastroparesis. Aim, To assess safety and effects of TZP-101 in diabetes patients with symptomatic gastroparesis. Methods, Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus received placebo and TZP-101 (80, 160, 320 or 600 ,g/kg) infusions in a cross-over manner following a radiolabelled meal. Blood glucose levels were stabilized using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Primary endpoints were gastric half emptying and latency times. Secondary measures included assessment of gastroparesis symptoms and endocrine responses. Results, Ten patients with type 1 (n = 7) or 2 (n = 3) diabetes, moderate-to-severe gastroparesis symptoms and ,29% retention 4 h after a radiolabelled solid meal were enrolled. TZP-101 produced significant reductions in solid meal half-emptying (20%, P = 0.043) and latency (34%, P = 0.037) times vs. placebo. Reductions in overall postmeal symptom intensity (24%) and postprandial fullness (37%) following TZP-101 infusion were not statistically significant. Most adverse events were mild and self-limiting and there were no identifiable differences in numbers or types of adverse events between TZP-101 and placebo. Conclusions, This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the ghrelin agonist TZP-101 is well-tolerated in diabetes patients with moderate-to-severe chronic gastroparesis and shows statistically significant improvements in gastric emptying. [source] Effect of intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate on gastric and small intestinal motor function in healthy humansALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 8 2006J. L. MADSEN Summary Background, Glyceryl trinitrate is a donor of nitric oxide that relaxes smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Little is known about the effect of glyceryl trinitrate on gastric emptying and no data exist on the possible effect of glyceryl trinitrate on small intestinal transit. Aim, To examine the effect of intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate on gastric and small intestinal motor function after a meal in healthy humans. Methods, Nine healthy volunteers participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Each volunteer was examined during intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate 1 ,g/kg × min or saline. A gamma camera technique was used to measure gastric emptying and small intestinal transit after a 1600-kJ mixed liquid and solid meal. Furthermore, duodenal motility was assessed by manometry. Results, Glyceryl trinitrate did not change gastric mean emptying time, gastric half emptying time, gastric retention at 15 min or small intestinal mean transit time. Glyceryl trinitrate did not influence the frequency of duodenal contractions, the amplitude of duodenal contractions or the duodenal motility index. Conclusions, Intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate 1 ,g/kg × min does not induce major changes in gastric or small intestinal motor function after a 1600-kJ meal in healthy volunteers. [source] | ||||||||||