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Half Empty (half + empty)
Selected AbstractsOne-year outcome with antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression , is the glass half empty or half full?ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2005Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica No abstract is available for this article. [source] FDA drug prescribing warnings: is the black box half empty or half full?,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 6 2006Anita K. Wagner PharmD Abstract Purpose Black box warnings (BBWs) are the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) strongest labeling requirements for high-risk medicines. It is unknown how frequently physicians prescribe BBW drugs and whether they do so in compliance with the warnings. The purpose of the present study was to assess the frequency of use of BBW medications in ambulatory care and prescribing compliance with BBW recommendations. Methods This retrospective study used automated claims data of 929,958 enrollees in 10 geographically diverse health plans in the United States to estimate frequency of use in ambulatory care of 216 BBW drugs/drug groups between 1/1/99 and 31/6/01. We assessed dispensing compliance with the BBW requirements for selected drugs. Results During a 30-month period, more than 40% of enrollees received at least one medication that carried a BBW that could potentially apply to them. We found few instances of prescribing during pregnancy of BBW drugs absolutely contra-indicated in pregnancy. There was almost no co-prescribing of contra-indicated drugs with the two QT-interval-prolonging BBW drugs evaluated. Most non-compliance occurred with recommendations for baseline laboratory monitoring (49.6% of all therapy initiations that should have been accompanied by baseline laboratory monitoring were not). Conclusions Many individuals receive drugs considered to carry the potential for serious risk. For some of these drugs, use is largely consistent with their BBW, while for others it is not. Since it will not be possible to avoid certain drug- associated risks, it will be important to develop effective methods to use BBWs and other methods to minimize risks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Difficult airway management , a glass half emptyANAESTHESIA, Issue 9 2009K. B. Greenland No abstract is available for this article. [source] The effect of small gaps in California annual grassland on above-ground biomass productionGRASS & FORAGE SCIENCE, Issue 4 2001J. S. Fehmi Small gaps and clumped species distributions are common in grasslands. In California annual grasslands, patches of Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Bromus hordeaceus L. are often separated by gaps. These gaps potentially limit the productivity and associated resource use of these grasslands. The effect that differences in spatial aggregation, gap distribution and species mixing on 20-cm-diameter plots has on overall forage production by these two grasses was tested. There were three levels of aggregation: whole plots planted; half planted/half empty; two opposing quarters planted/two empty. Each species was planted in each distribution, and they were combined as mixed, half L. multiflorum/half B. hordeaceus and two quarters L. multiflorum/two quarters B. hordeaceus (nine treatments). Plant aggregation had no significant effect on above-ground production of whole plots, but individual tillers near gaps were significantly larger than others. Plasticity in the growth of individual annual grasses effectively buffered against variation in average productivity resulting from variations in plant distribution. There were significant (P < 0·001) differences in forage production as a result of the species the plots contained. Plots containing only L. multiflorum produced 4053 kg of dry matter (DM) ha,1, B. hordeaceus plots produced 2448 kg of DM ha,1, and plots containing both species produced 4712 kg of DM ha,1. At small scales, spatial distribution was less important than species composition in determining annual grassland productivity. [source] | ||||||||||