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Selected AbstractsRheological characterization of hair shampoo in the presence of dead sea saltINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 1 2004B. Abu-Jdayil Synopsis In Jordan, a growing industry has been established to produce different types of Dead Sea (DS) cosmetics that have DS salt (contains mainly NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2) in their formulas. In this work, the effect of DS salt on the rheology of hair shampoo containing the sodium lauryl ether sulfate as a main active matter was studied. The effects of DS salt and active matter concentration, and the temperature and time of salt mixing, on the rheological properties of hair shampoo were investigated. The salt-free shampoo showed a Newtonian behavior at ,low active matter' (LAM) and shear thinning at ,high active matter' (HAM). The presence of DS salt changed the rheological behavior of LAM shampoo from Newtonian (for the salt-free shampoo) to shear thinning. On the other hand, the behavior of HAM shampoo switched from shear thinning to Newtonian behavior in the presence of high concentration of DS salt. The addition of DS salt increased the apparent viscosity of shampoo to reach a maximum value that corresponded to a salt concentration of 1.5 wt.%. Further addition of DS salt led to a decrease in the shampoo viscosity to reach a value less than that of the salt-free sample at high salt concentration. Changing the mixing temperature (25,45 °C) and mixing time (15,120 min) of DS salt with shampoo has no significant influence on the rheological behavior. However, the mixing process increased the apparent viscosity of salt-free shampoo. The power law model fitted well the flow curves of hair shampoo with and without DS salt. Résumé En Jordanie, une industrie croissante a été mise en place afin de produire différents types de cosmétiques à base de sels de la Mer morte (DS) contenant ces sels (pour la plupart,principalement NaCl, KCl, MgCl2) dans leurs formules. Dans ce présent travail, l'effet de ces DS sur la rhéologie d'un shampooing à base de lauryl ether sulfate de sodium comme actif principal, a étéétudié. Les effets de ce sel de DS et de la concentration en matière active ainsi que la température et le temps de mélange du sel sur les propriétés rhéologiques du shampooing ont été appréhendés. Le shampooing exempt de sel montrait un comportement Newtonien à basse concentration d'actif (LAM) et une rhéo-fluidification à haute teneur en actif (HAM). La présence de sel de DS a changé le comportement rhéologique du shampooing LAM, du Newtonien (pour le shampooing sans sel) vers la rhèo-fluidification. Par ailleurs, le comportement du shampooing HAM est passé de la rhèo-fluidification au Newtonien en présence de fortes concentrations de sels de DS. L'addition de sels de DS a accru la viscosité apparente jusqu'à une valeur maximale correspondant à 1.5% (w/w). Des additions ultérieures de sel ont conduit à une chute de la viscosité jusqu'à une valeurs inférieure à celle du shampooing sans sel. Le changement de la température de mélange du sel (25 °C à 45 °C) et du temps de mélange (15 à 120 min) du sel avec le shampooing n'a aucune influence significative sur le comportement rhéologique. Cependant, le procédé de mélange a augmenté la viscosité apparente du shampooing sans sel. La modélization par puissance a correctement ajusté les courbes d'écoulement du shampooing avec et sans sel de DS. [source] Papular xanthoma: a clinicopathological study of 10 casesJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Friedrich Breier Background: Papular xanthoma (PX) is one of several clinicopathologic variants of normolipemic cutaneous non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses (n-LCH). PX represents a monomorphous reaction pattern of n-LCH characterized by the presence of predominantly xanthomatized macrophages. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of PX. Methods: A series of 10 cases of PX was identified and the results compared with the other histologic subtypes, namely the polymorphous and the remaining other monomorphous reaction patterns in n-LCH. Results: In this clinicopathologic study, papular xanthoma presented clinically mainly as solitary papule, with a male to female ratio of4 : 1, in an age range from 13 to 57 years and a biphasic occurrence: in the young adolescence and middle ages. It was predominantly located on the trunk, the extremities, and rarely on the head. Clinically, PX was described as xanthoma, ,cutaneous tumor', but also as atheroma, keloid, histiocytoma, Spitz's nevus or clear cell acanthoma. Histology showed moderately well circumscribed exoendophytic papules with a regular epidermis and a dense infiltration of xanthomatized macrophages interspersed by numerous Touton type giant cells. Immunohistochemically mono- and multinucleated macrophages were consistently positive with KiM1p; while only giant cells were labeled with KP1 (CD68), the reactivity with HAM 56 was much more variable. Up to 50% of the xanthomatized cells labeled positive for the lectin peanut agglutinin. In one case the xanthomatized cells stained positive for CD34. Staining for factor XIIIa and CD1a were negative. Conclusions: This series confirms PX as a rare, but distinguished clinicopathologic entity in the spectrum of n-LCH of the skin. [source] CORRELATING SHRINKAGE WITH YIELD, WATER CONTENT AND TEXTURE OF PORK HAM BY COMPUTER VISIONJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2005CHENG-JIN DU ABSTRACT An automatic method for shrinkage evaluation of pork ham was developed using computer vision. First, a sequence of image-processing algorithms was developed to estimate the average diameter, short axis, long axis, perimeter, volume and surface area before and after cooking and cooling. This sequence consisted of three steps, i.e., shape extraction, protrusion deletion and measurement. Based on the estimated shape characteristics, three kinds of shrinkage were evaluated as the percentage change before and after a process, i.e., shrinkages caused by the cooking process, cooling process and total shrinkage during the entire cooking and cooling processes. Then the cooking shrinkage was related to cooking loss; the cooling shrinkage to cooling loss and the total shrinkage to yield, water content and texture. It was found that among the three shrinkages, the cooking shrinkage in volume was the highest with up to 9.36%, and was significantly correlated with cooking loss (r = 0.91). The total shrinkage was highly negatively correlated with water content, and had positive correlations with the texture attributes. However, no significant relationships were found between cooling shrinkage and cooling loss, and between total shrinkage and yield. [source] The inhibition of blood coagulation by heparins of different molecular weight is caused by a common functional motif,the C-domainJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 5 2003R. Al Dieri Summary.,Background:,Heparins in clinical use differ considerably as to mode of preparation, molecular weight distribution and pharmacodynamic properties. Objectives:,Find a common basis for their anticoagulant action. Methods:,In 50 fractions of virtually single molecular weight (Mr), prepared from unfractionated heparin (UFH) and four low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), we determined: (i) the molar concentration of material (HAM) containing the antithrombin binding pentasaccharide (A-domain); (ii) the specific catalytic activity in thrombin and factor Xa inactivation; (iii) the capacity to inhibit thrombin generation (TG) and prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). We also calculated the molar concentration of A-domain with 12 sugar units at its non-reducing end, i.e. the structure that carries antithrombin activity (C-domain). Results:,The antithrombin activity and the effects on TG and APTT are primarily determined by the concentration of C-domain and independent of the source material (UFH or LMWH) or Mr. High Mr fractions (>15 000) are less active, probably through interaction with non-antithrombin plasma proteins. Anti-factor Xa activity is proportional to the concentration of A-domain, it is Ca2+ - and Mr-dependent and does not determine the effect on TG and APTT. Conclusion:,For any type of heparin, the capacity to inhibit the coagulation process in plasma is primarily determined by the concentration of C-domain, i.e. the AT-binding pentasaccharide with 12 or more sugar units at its non-reducing end. [source] The homotopy analysis method for solving higher dimensional initial boundary value problems of variable coefficientsNUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Issue 5 2010H. Jafari Abstract In this article, higher dimensional initial boundary value problems of variable coefficients are solved by means of an analytic technique, namely the Homotopy analysis method (HAM). Comparisons are made between the Adomian decomposition method (ADM), the exact solution and the homotopy analysis method. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010 [source] Exploring consumer knowledge structures using associative network analysisPSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 4 2010Thorsten A. Teichert This paper offers a new perspective on consumer knowledge analysis that combines Human Associative Memory (HAM) models from cognitive psychology with network analytic approaches in order to gain deeper insights into consumers" mental representations, such as brand images. An illustrative case study compares the associative networks of a manufacturer brand with a retail brand and is used to demonstrate the application and interpretation of various network measures. Network analysis is conducted on three levels: Node-level analysis yields insights about salient brand image components that can be affected through short-term marketing activities. Group-level analysis is concerned with brand image dimensions that characterize a brand and can be strategically influenced in the medium term. Finally, network-level analysis examines the network structure as a whole, drawing parallels to brand imagery, which needs to be managed over the long term. Management implications are derived and suggestions for further research are provided. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Current and future use of the mannitol bronchial challenge in everyday clinical practiceTHE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Celeste Porsbjerg Abstract Objectives:, Asthma is a disease associated with inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airflow limitation. Clinical diagnosis and management of asthma often relies on assessment of lung function and symptom control, but these factors do not always correlate well with underlying inflammation. Bronchial challenge tests (BCTs) assess AHR, and can be used to assist in the diagnosis and management of asthma. Data Source:, Data presented at the symposium ,Use of inhaled mannitol for assessing airways disease' organised by the Allied Respiratory Professionals Assembly (9) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) at the ERS Congress, Berlin 2008. Results:, Indirect challenge tests such as exercise testing, hypertonic saline or adenosine 5,-monophosphate (AMP) are more specific though less sensitive than direct challenge tests (such as methacholine) for identifying patients with active asthma. Indirect BCTs may be used to diagnose exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or AHR consistent with active asthma, to evaluate AHR that will respond to treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and to determine the effectiveness and optimal dosing of such therapy. An ideal indirect challenge test should be standardised and reproducible, and the test result should correlate with the degree of airway inflammation. The mannitol BCT provides a standardised and rapid point-of-need test to identify currently active asthma, and is clinically useful in the identification of patients with asthma who are likely to benefit from inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion:, In the future, mannitol BCT may be added to lung function and symptom assessment to aid in the everyday management of asthma. Please cite this paper as: Porsbjerg C, Backer V, Joos G, Kerstjens HAM and Rodriguez-Roisin R. Current and future use of the mannitol bronchial challenge in everyday clinical practice. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2009; 3: 189,197. [source] 2333: Cultivation of limbal stem cells-derived corneal epithelium on different biologic materials for clinical transplantationACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010G PETROVSKI Purpose To develop simple, reproducible, animal-materials free method for cultivating limbal stem-cells and differentiating them into corneal epithelium on different human biologic materials for clinical transplantation. Methods The limbal tissues (2x2mm) were harvested from cadavers not more than 8 hours after death and proliferated in vitro on cell culture tissue plates, human amniotic membranes (HAM) or human lens capsules in medium containing human AB serum. Cell viability was tested using the MTT assay and annexin-FITC/Propidium Iodide positivity methods. Molecular gene and immunofluorescent marker studies for stemness, proliferation and differentiation were used for the analysis. Results Over a period of one year, 50 limbal tissue explants were cultivated. Emergence of cells at one edge of the explants occurred within 24 hours from culturing and formed monolayer within 14 days. Although the speed of cell growth varied among donors and types of media for growth, inadequate growth at two weeks was never recorded. The viability of the cells at 7 and 14 days of cultivation was higher than 96% except in case of HAM use where viability was below 80%. The growing cells were characterized for their positivity for stemness (P63, ABCG2), proliferation (ki67) and epithelial cell markers CK 3, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 19. Conclusion We demonstrate a simple, animal-materials free technique for generating corneal epithelium from cadavers or alternatively from autologous donors for viable cell growth on different biologic materials for transplantation. The growth of corneal epithelium on lens capsules proved to be superior compared to the other cultivation techiques. [source] Effects of lyophilization on human amniotic membraneACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2009M. Teresa Rodríguez-Ares Abstract. Purpose:, This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lyophilization and cryopreservation on human amniotic membrane (HAM) in terms of histological characteristics and growth factor levels. Methods:, Non-preserved, lyophilized and cryopreserved HAM samples from 13 placentas were investigated. The morphological characteristics of HAM were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical methods were also applied to assess the distribution of collagen IV in the basement membrane. Total protein amounts were measured in extracts of intact amniotic membrane from non-preserved, lyophilized and cryopreserved samples. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay growth factor protein levels for epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor basic, hepatocyte growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-,1 and nerve growth factor. Results:, Histological examination of lyophilized and cryopreserved human amniotic membrane showed similar results. Immunohistochemistry showed presence of collagen IV throughout the basement membrane, both in cryopreserved and lyophilized samples. Total protein amount was higher in cryopreserved samples, without statistical significance. Growth factors ELISA did not show statistically significant differences except for fibroblast growth factor basic, with higher levels in cryopreserved amniotic membrane. Conclusions:, Lyophilization maintains the histological structure of HAM, but seems to cause greater reductions in total protein amount and growth factor concentration than cryopreservation. [source] The Role of Maternal Affect Mirroring on Social Expectancies in Three-Month-Old InfantsCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2001Maria Legerstee The role of maternal affect mirroring on the development of prosocial behaviors and social expectancies was assessed in forty-one 2- to 3-month-old infants. Prosocial behavior was characterized as infants' positive behavior and increased attention toward their mothers. Social expectancies were defined as infants' expectancy for affective sharing. Mothers and infants were observed twice, approximately 1 week apart. During Visit 1, mothers and infants were videotaped while interacting over television monitors for 3 min. During Visit 2, infants engaged in a live, 3-min interaction with their mothers over television monitors (live condition) and they also viewed a replay of their mothers' interaction from the preceding week (replay condition). The order of conditions was counterbalanced. Maternal affect mirroring was measured according to the level of attention maintenance, warm sensitivity, and social responsiveness displayed. A natural split was observed with 58% of the mothers ranking high and 42% ranking low on these affect mirroring measures (HAM and LAM, respectively). Infants in the HAM group ranked high on prosocial behaviors and social expectancy , they discriminated between live and replay, conditions with smiles, vocalizations, and gazes. Infants in the LAM group ranked low on these variables , they gazed longer during the live condition than during the replay condition, but only when the live condition was presented first; however, they did not smile or vocalize more. These findings indicate that there is a relation between affect mirroring and social expectancies in infants. [source] Evaluation of host genetic and viral factors as surrogate markers for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in Peruvian HTLV-1-infected patientsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 3 2010Michael Talledo Abstract Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a complication that affects up to 5% of HTLV-1-infected individuals. Several host genetic and viral factors have been associated with the risk of HAM/TSP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a prognostic model for HAM/TSP developed in Japan in a Peruvian population of 71 HAM/TSP patients and 94 asymptomatic carriers (ACs). This model included age, proviral load (PVL), the presence of HLA-A*02 and HLA-Cw*08 alleles, SDF-1 +801, and TNF -, ,863 polymorphisms, and viral subgroup. We describe frequencies for the four host genetic markers and demonstrate the presence of the HTLV-1 tax B subgroup in Peru. Using cross-validation, we show that the predictive ability of the prognostic model, as characterized by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), does not differ from a model containing PVL only (both AUC,=,0.74). We found some suggestive evidence of a protective effect of the HLA-A*02 allele but failed to replicate the associations with the other three genetic markers and with viral subgroup. A logistic model containing PVL, age, gender, and HLA-A*02 provided the best predictive ability in the Peruvian cohort (AUC,=,0.79). J. Med. Virol. 82:460,466, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Dysautonomia in human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesisANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2001Alexandre H. Alamy MD The frequency and importance of dysautonomia in human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I,associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) have not been fully investigated. We describe the characteristics of dysautonomia in such patients in a case-control study. Our results indicate that autonomic disturbances are more frequent in HAM/TSP than has been previously suggested, with a predominance of sympathetic nervous system dysfunction. In some of these patients, the symptoms may be severe enough to warrant specific treatment. [source] HTLV-1 provirus load in peripheral blood lymphocytes of HTLV-1 carriers is diminished by green tea drinkingCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 7 2004Junichiro Sonoda Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is causatively associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Since a high level of HTLV-1 provirus load in circulating lymphocytes is thought to be a risk for ATL and HAM/TSP, diminution of HTLV-1 provirus load in the circulation may prevent these intractable diseases. Our previous study (Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91: 34,40) demonstrated that green tea polyphenols inhibit in vitro growth of ATL cells, as well as HTLV-1-infected T-cells. The present study aimed to investigate the in vivo effect of green tea polyphenols on HTLV-1 provirus load in peripheral blood lymphocytes on HTLV-1 carriers. We recruited 83 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers to examine HTLV-1 provirus DNA with or without administration of capsulated green tea extract powder. Thirty-seven subjects were followed up for 5 months by measuring HTLV-1 provirus load after daily intake of 9 capsules of green tea extract powder per day (equivalent to 10 cups of regular green tea), and 46 subjects lived ad libitum without intake of any green tea capsule. The real-time PCR quantification of HTLV-1 DNA revealed a wide range of variation of HTLV-1 provirus load among asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (0.2-200.2 copies of HTLV-1 provirus load per 1000 peripheral blood lymphocytes). Daily intake of the capsulated green tea for 5 months significantly diminished the HTLV-1 provirus load as compared with the controls (P=0.031). These results suggest that green tea drinking suppresses proliferation of HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes in vivo. [source] DIFFERENTIATION OF CURED COOKED HAMS BY PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMOMETRICSJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 1 2009VITTORIO M. MORETTI ABSTRACT Comparison of physico-chemical and compositional traits was carried out on cooked hams. Deboned fresh pig thighs of three different origins were divided into three batches: 200 pig thighs from the Italian market, H1; 200 from The Netherlands, H2; and 200 from Denmark, H3. Boneless pig thighs were processed under commercial guidelines for production of cooked hams, using brine at 25% level of injection. After processing, 12 cooked hams from each batch were sampled randomly and analyzed for proximate and fatty acid composition. Color measurement was performed on the muscles: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. H1 hams showed a higher weight loss and a lower technological yield compared to H2 and H3 hams. Analysis of variance on compositional data showed that H1 hams had a lower moisture/protein ratio, a higher fat content, a lower percentage of, -linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, and a higher percentage of myristic and palmitic acids when compared to H2 and H3 hams (P < 0.05). Analysis of color of the three muscles demonstrated that hams from the H1 group had the highest a* values. The application of linear discriminant analysis demonstrated that the use of only four variables allowed to correctly discriminate among groups of cooked hams. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The following are the practical applications of this research. The comparison of physico-chemical and compositional traits were carried out on cooked hams. Pig thighs of different origin were processed under commercial guidelines. The physicochemical parameters of cooked hams were defined and showed some differences characterizing the products. [source] Combining Stated and Revealed Preferences on Typical Food Products: The Case of Dry-Cured Ham in SpainJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2010Helena Resano-Ezcaray C25; D12; Q13; Q18 Abstract An extensive body of research concerns the valuation of EU certification schemes of quality based on the origin of food products. This literature focuses mainly on stated preferences (SPs) and reported behaviours by the consumers. We combine consumers' SPs, obtained through a conjoint ranking experiment, with revealed preferences (RP), obtained through a retail scanner database. We evaluate SPs as predictors of RP, and investigate whether SPs and RPs are consistent. Dry-cured ham in Spain is chosen as the anchor product, mainly because of its broad customer base and long history of origin certification. A ,trick' nested logit model with non-identical and identical samples of consumers is estimated to answer each of the objectives. Results show that, irrespective of the analysed samples, SP can predict general market trends and choices but not accurately predict market shares, and that consumers' actual behaviour is partly consistent with their SPs. We find that consumers prefer ham produced in Teruel, compared with unspecified Spanish origin. Quality Certification and a Distributor's Brand are preferred over the alternatives of no quality label or identified with a brand owned by the producer. Interestingly, SPs for the Quality Certification and the distributor's brand lead to an over- and under-estimation, respectively, of the market share. [source] Characterization by Volatile Compounds of Microbial Deep Spoilage in Iberian Dry-Cured HamJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010Alberto Martín Abstract:, In the present study, volatile compounds of spoiled dry-cured Iberian ham with deep spoilage or "bone taint" were analyzed and correlated with level of spoilage and the microorganisms detected. Volatile compounds extracted by a solid phase micro-extraction technique were assayed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The spoiled hams were evaluated sensorially, and the correlations among volatile compounds, spoilage level, and microbial counts were studied. The spoiled hams had higher concentrations of hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, esters, pyrazines, sulfur compounds, and other minor volatile compounds than unspoiled hams. The sensorial analysis showed that the spoilage level of hams correlated with several volatile compounds, most of them associated with Gram-positive catalase positive cocci and,Enterobacteriaceae,counts. Cyclic compounds such as cyclohexanone, some ethers, and pyrazines should be considered as indicators to monitor incipient microbial deep spoilage in the elaboration of this meat product. [source] Aroma Components of American Country HamJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2008H. Song ABSTRACT:, The aroma-active compounds of American country ham were investigated by using direct solvent extraction-solvent assisted flavor evaporation (DSE-SAFE), dynamic headspace dilution analysis (DHDA), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO), aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated the involvement of numerous volatile constituents in the aroma of country ham. For DHDA, 38 compounds were identified as major odorants, among them, 1-octen-3-one, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 1-nonen-3-one, decanal, and (E)-2-nonenal were the most predominant, having FD-factors , 125 in all 3 hams examined, followed by 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexen-3-one, octanal, acetic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, and FuraneolÔ. For the DSE-SAFE method, the neutral/basic fraction was dominated by 1-octen-3-one, methional, guaiacol, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-decenal, p-cresol as well as 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, phenylacetaldehyde, and ,-nonalactone. The acidic fraction contained mainly short-chain volatile acids (3-methylbutanoic acid, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, and acetic acid) and Maillard reaction products (for example, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone). The above compounds identified were derived from lipid oxidation, amino acid degradation, and Maillard/Strecker and associated reactions. Both methods revealed the same nature of the aroma components of American country ham. [source] Effects of Varying Levels of Vegetable Juice Powder and Incubation Time on Color, Residual Nitrate and Nitrite, Pigment, pH, and Trained Sensory Attributes of Ready-to-Eat Uncured HamJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2007J.J. Sindelar ABSTRACT:, Vegetable juice powder (VJP) and a starter culture containing Staphylococcus carnosus have been identified as necessary ingredients for the manufacture of uncured, no-nitrate/nitrite-added meat products with quality and sensory attributes similar to traditional cured products. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of varying concentrations of VJP and incubation time (MIN-HOLD) on quality characteristics, including lipid oxidation, color, and cured meat pigment concentrations, of ham over a 90-d storage period, compare residual nitrate and nitrite content, and determine if differences exist in sensory properties of finished products. Four ham treatments (TRT) (TRT 1: 0.20% VJP, 0 MIN-HOLD; TRT 2: 0.20% VJP, 120 MIN-HOLD; TRT 3: 0.35% VJP, 0 MIN-HOLD; TRT 4: 0.35% VJP, 120 MIN-HOLD) and a sodium nitrite-added control (C) were used for this study. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between TRTs and C for CIE L*, a*, b*, and cured color measured by reflectance ratio. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) for combined TRTs and C revealed little change over time while the C had less (P < 0.05) lipid oxidation than TRTs 2 and 4 for combined days. No differences (P > 0.05) were reported for cured pigment concentration between TRTs and C. Trained sensory panel intensity ratings for ham and vegetable aroma, and flavor, color, and firmness showed that a high concentration (0.35%) of VJP resulted in the highest scores for undesirable vegetable aroma and flavor. Treatment combinations with a low concentration (0.20%) of VJP were comparable to the C for all sensory attributes. [source] Global perspective on Wikipedia researchPROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2008Pnina Shachaf This panel will provide a global perspective on Wikipedia research. The literature on Wikipedia is mostly anecdotal, and most of the research has focused attention primarily on the English Wikipedia examining the accuracy of entries compared to established online encyclopedias (Emigh & Herring, 2005; Giles, 2005; Rosenzweig, 2006) and analyzing the evolution of articles over time (Viégas, Wattenberg, & Dave, 2004; Viégas, Wattenberg, Kriss, & van Ham, 2007). Others have examined the quality of contribution (Stvilia et al., 2005). However, only a few studies have conducted comparative analyses across languages or analyzed Wikipedia in languages other than English (e.g., Pfeil, Zaphiris, & Ang, 2006). There is a need for international, cross-cultural understanding of Wikipedia. In an effort to address this gap, this panel will present a range of international and cross-cultural research of Wikipedia. The presenters will contribute different perspectives of Wikipedia as an international sociocultural institution and will describe similarities and differences across various national/language versions of Wikipedia. Shachaf and Hara will present variation of norms and behaviors on talk pages in various languages of Wikipedia. Herring and Callahan will share results from a cross-language comparison of biographical entries that exhibit variations in content of entries in the English and Polish versions of Wikipedia and will explain how they are influenced by the culture and history of the US and Poland. Stvilia will discuss some of the commonalities and variability of quality models used by different Wikipedias, and the problems of cross-language quality measurement aggregation and reasoning. Matei will describe the social structuration and distribution of roles and efforts in wiki teaching environments. Solomon's comments, as a discussant, will focus on how these comparative insights provide evidence of the ways in which an evolving institution, such as Wikipedia, may be a force for supporting cultural identity (or not). [source] Effects of FSH and LH on Steroid Production by Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Granulosa Cells Cultured In Vitro Under Serum-Free ConditionsREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 5 2010M Shanmugam Contents The objective of this study was to examine the effects of FSH and LH on oestradiol-17, and progesterone production by buffalo granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions. Granulosa cells (3 × 105) from small (,5 mm diameter) follicles were cultured for up to 4 days in 48-well plates coated with 3.3 ,g/cm2 fibronectin in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) : nutrient mixture F-12 Ham (1 : 1 ratio) supplemented with 10,7 m androstenedione, 5 ,g/ml human apo-transferrin and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, in the presence or absence of FSH or LH (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 ng/ml each). Basal oestradiol-17, production by granulosa cells from small follicles reduced (p < 0.01) from days 1 to 2 of culture and became undetectable by day 3 and basal progesterone production increased (p < 0.05) from day 1 through day 4 of the culture. Although there was no effect of FSH on day 1 of the culture, FSH at 2, 4, 8 and 16 ng/ml increased (p < 0.05) oestradiol-17, production by granulosa cells from small follicles on day 2. Progesterone secretion was increased (p < 0.05) by all doses of FSH on all days of culture. All doses of LH had no effect on oestradiol-17, or progesterone production by granulosa cells from small follicles on any day of the culture. The results of this study demonstrate a serum-free culture system for buffalo granulosa cells and stimulatory effect of FSH but not LH on steroid hormone production by buffalo granulosa cells under these conditions. [source] On Being a Good Listener: Setting Priorities for Applied Health Services ResearchTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2003JONATHAN LOMAS In the last decade, explicit priority setting has become an integral part of health care systems. Indeed, there is even an International Society on Priorities in Health Care, created in 1997 (Ham 1997). Whether it is Oregon's priority ordering of symptom treatment pairs to maximize the impact of a limited Medicaid budget (Fox and Leichter 1991), England's National Institute for Clinical Excellence's assessing priorities for new therapeutic innovations in the National Health Service (Rawlins 1999), or New Zealand's setting priorities for patients' access to cardiovascular treatment (Hadorn and Holmes 1997), techniques for judging the relative worth of different health service investments abound. As these techniques are refined, the most common addition is the incorporation of public values as part of the assessment. Priority setting is increasingly seen as combining an objective assessment of costs and effects with a more subjective assessment of patient or public preferences (Lenaghan, New, and Mitchell 1996; Lomas 1997; National Institute for Clinical Excellence 2002; Stronks et al. 1997). [source] Methyl ,- d -galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-,- d -allopyranoside tetrahydrateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 9 2010Wenhui Zhang The title compound, C13H24O11·4H2O, (I), crystallized from water, has an internal glycosidic linkage conformation having ,, (O5Gal,C1Gal,O1Gal,C4All) = ,96.40,(12)° and ,, (C1Gal,O1Gal,C4All,C5All) = ,160.93,(10)°, where ring-atom numbering conforms to the convention in which C1 denotes the anomeric C atom, C5 the ring atom bearing the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group, and C6 the exocyclic hydroxymethyl (CH2OH) C atom in the ,Galp and ,Allp residues. Internal linkage conformations in the crystal structures of the structurally related disaccharides methyl ,-lactoside [methyl ,- d -galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-,- d -glucopyranoside] methanol solvate [Stenutz, Shang & Serianni (1999). Acta Cryst. C55, 1719,1721], (II), and methyl ,-cellobioside [methyl ,- d -glucopyranosyl-(1,4)-,- d -glucopyranoside] methanol solvate [Ham & Williams (1970). Acta Cryst. B26, 1373,1383], (III), are characterized by ,, = ,88.4,(2)° and ,, = ,161.3,(2)°, and ,, = ,91.1° and ,, = ,160.7°, respectively. Inter-residue hydrogen bonding is observed between O3Glc and O5Gal/Glc in the crystal structures of (II) and (III), suggesting a role in determining their preferred linkage conformations. An analogous inter-residue hydrogen bond does not exist in (I) due to the axial orientation of O3All, yet its internal linkage conformation is very similar to those of (II) and (III). [source] Tales from the old guards: Bithnah Fort, Fujairah, United Arab EmiratesARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 1 2009Michele C. Ziolkowski This article examines the historical site of Bithnah fort, United Arab Emirates. Relevant historical sources were investigated, which highlighted the strategic importance of Bithnah's location in the Wadi Ham. A theoretical date was proposed for the site based on these historical references. The architectural features and material culture were combined with ethnographic information. This combination of sources allowed for a much clearer understanding of the fort's layout and interior use of space. It also provided a context for the village and agricultural space that surround the fortification of Bithnah. [source] Revision of the Structures of Citrifolinin A, Citrifolinoside, Yopaaoside A, Yopaaoside B, and Morindacin, Iridoids from Morinda citrifolia L. and Morinda coreia Ham.CHEMINFORM, Issue 11 2007Jan Schripsema Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Nondestructive Measurement of Oxygen in Modified Atmosphere Packaged Hams Using a Phase-Fluorimetric Sensor SystemJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2002D.B. Papkovsky ABSTRACT: The phase-fluorimetric oxygen sensing system recently developed by our team was used for nondestructive measurement of oxygen content in the heasdspace of 4 types of ham slice products. The system allowed accurate measurement of oxygen levels in all types of ham packs in a contact-less nondestructive fashion; it worked satisfactorily under ambient light and in conditions of direct contact with packaged cooked ham slices and variation of sample temperature. A primary screening for oxygen content of the modified atmosphere packs revealed that a significant proportion of packs contained elevated levels of oxygen. The sensor demonstrated minor changes in calibration as a result of direct physical contact with food and prolonged exposure. [source] One of Australia's greatest cricketers was a protanope: a genetic detective story solved with the help of Schmidt's signCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY, Issue 6 2005Ross W. Harris BAppSc LOSc FVCO Abnormal colour vision is under-represented among first class cricketers (Goddard N and Coull B BMJ 1994; 309: 16841685) and interviews with cricketers, all of whom had a mild colour vision defect, suggest there may be times when they lose sight of the red cricket ball against green surrounds (Hams and Cole Clin Exp Optom 2005; 88: 176,180). It is possible that severe abnormal colour vision precludes playing cricket at its highest competitive level. It is known that Bill Ponsford, who played Test cricket from 1924 to 1934 and was one of Australia's greatest batsmen, had abnormal colour vision. We have diagnosed him to be a protanope by tracing the abnormal colour vision exhibited by some of his descendents. We used Schmidt's sign using the Medmont ClOO colour vision test to identify carriers of the protan gene to trace the protanopic gene to Ponsford with greater certainty. That such an accomplished batsman and highly regarded outfielder should have a severe colour vision deficiency suggests that abnormal colour vision might not be, or at least need not be, a handicap to playing cricket at the most competitive levels. [source] Molecular biology and pathogenesis of the human T-cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus Type-1 (HTLV-1)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Julie M. Johnson Retroviruses are associated with a variety of diseases, including immunological and neurological disorders, and various forms of cancer. In humans, the Human T-cell Leukaemia/Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which belongs to the Oncovirus family, is the aetiological agent of two diverse diseases: Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) (Poiesz et al. 1980; Hinuma et al. 1981; Yoshida et al. 1982), as well as the neurological disorder tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) (Gessain et al. 1985; Rodgers-Johnson et al. 1985; Osame et al. 1986). HTLV-1 is the only human retrovirus known to be the aetiological agent of cancer. A genetically related virus, HTLV-2, has been identified and isolated (Kalyanaraman et al. 1982). However, there has been no demonstration of a definitive aetiological role for HTLV-2 in human disease to date. Simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (STLV-1 and -2) and bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) have also been classified in same group, Oncoviridae, based upon their similarities in genetic sequence and structure to HTLV-1 and -2 (Burny et al. 1988; Dekaban et al. 1995; Slattery et al. 1999). This article will focus on HTLV-1, reviewing its discovery, molecular biology, and its role in disease pathogenesis. [source] Presence of tropical spastic paraparesis/human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM)-like among HIV-1-infected patients,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 3 2008Jorge Casseb Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission and some individuals may have a dual infection. These co-infected subjects may be at increased risk for tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM)-like. To study the prevalence of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) among co-infected HIV-1/HTLV-1 subjects. Since July 1997, our group has been following a cohort to study the interaction of HTLV with HIV and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as HTLV-1-only infected asymptomatic carriers or those already presenting with TSP/HAM. During these 9 years, 296 HTLV-1-infected individuals were identified from a total of 538 patients who were referred to our clinic at the Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emílio Ribas," in São Paulo, Brazil. All subjects were evaluated by two neurologists, blinded to the HTLV status. TSP/HAM diagnosis was based on Kagoshima diagnostic criteria. Results: A total of 38 HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected subjects were identified in this cohort: Twenty-six had already been diagnosed with AIDS and 12 remained asymptomatic. Six of 38 co-infected subjects (18%) were diagnosed as having TSP/HAM and also AIDS, and for 5 of them TSP/HAM was their first illness. One additional incident case was diagnosed after 2 years of follow-up. No modifications on HIV-1 viral load was seen. In contrast, the co-infected with TSP/HAM-like group showed higher HTLV-1 proviral load (505,±,380 vs. 97,±,149 copies/104 PBMC, P,= 0.012) than asymptomatic co-infected subjects, respectively. The incidence of myelopathy among HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected subjects is probably higher than among patients infected only with HTLV-1, and related to a higher HTLV-1 proviral load. Thus, HTLV-1/2 screening should be done for all HIV-1-infected patients in areas where HTLV-1 infection is endemic. J. Med. Virol. 80:392,398, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Odour-active compounds of Jinhua hamFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2008Huanlu Song Abstract Using DHS, SAFE, GC,O and GC,MS, the odour-active compounds of Jinhua ham were identified and ranked according their odour potencies. For DHS, the ham powder was purged with a nitrogen stream at a flow rate of 50 ml/min for 25 min, 5 min and 1 min, respectively. The effluent of sample headspace was trapped by a Tenax tube, which was placed onto the vessel for GC,O. The most important odorants (FD factor = 125) in Jinhua ham headspace were ethyl 2-methylbutanoate/ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexanal, 1-hexen-3-one, 1-octen-3-one, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-methoxyphenol, followed by the following odorants (FD factor = 25): 3-methyl butanal, dimethyl trisulphide, 1-nonen-3-one, butanoic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methyl(3-methyldithio)furan, , -nonalctone and 4-methylphenol (p -cresol). For SAFE, the ham powder was extracted with diethyl ether, distilled by SAFE and then separated into neutral/basic and acidic fractions. Both fractions were subjected to AEDA. The relatively high-odour impact compounds (Log3FD Factor ,5) of the N/B fraction of SAFE extract of Jinhua ham were 1-octen-one, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-decenal, p -cresol (4-methylphenol); 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, decanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E,E)-decadienal. The important odorants of the Ac fraction of SAFE extract of Jinhua ham were butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexanoic acid, phenylacetic acid and an unknown. It was shown that the aroma of Jinhua ham consisted of a variety of compounds having different odour properties; a single compound could not characterize the aroma of Jinhua ham. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Combining Stated and Revealed Preferences on Typical Food Products: The Case of Dry-Cured Ham in SpainJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2010Helena Resano-Ezcaray C25; D12; Q13; Q18 Abstract An extensive body of research concerns the valuation of EU certification schemes of quality based on the origin of food products. This literature focuses mainly on stated preferences (SPs) and reported behaviours by the consumers. We combine consumers' SPs, obtained through a conjoint ranking experiment, with revealed preferences (RP), obtained through a retail scanner database. We evaluate SPs as predictors of RP, and investigate whether SPs and RPs are consistent. Dry-cured ham in Spain is chosen as the anchor product, mainly because of its broad customer base and long history of origin certification. A ,trick' nested logit model with non-identical and identical samples of consumers is estimated to answer each of the objectives. Results show that, irrespective of the analysed samples, SP can predict general market trends and choices but not accurately predict market shares, and that consumers' actual behaviour is partly consistent with their SPs. We find that consumers prefer ham produced in Teruel, compared with unspecified Spanish origin. Quality Certification and a Distributor's Brand are preferred over the alternatives of no quality label or identified with a brand owned by the producer. Interestingly, SPs for the Quality Certification and the distributor's brand lead to an over- and under-estimation, respectively, of the market share. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||