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HPV Types (hpv + type)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Oncology & Radiotherapy	36%
Dermatology	21%
Pathology	6%
Obstetrics & Gynecology	5%
Otolaryngology (Ear, Nose & Throat)	2%
6 Other Subdomains	30%

Kinds of HPV Types

Selected Abstracts

Trials update in wales

CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2007
A. Fiander
Three ongoing studies will be presented and discussed. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in a South Wales Screening population Methods: A total of 10 000 consecutive, anonymous liquid based cytology screening samples were collected over a five month period in 2004. Age, cytology result and social deprivation score was provided for each specimen. The methodology was chosen to ensure inclusion of all women attending routine cervical screening, avoiding potential constraints associated with obtaining individual informed consent. The liquid based cytology samples were processed and reported by the receiving cytology laboratory and the residual specimens sent to the HPV Research Laboratory, Wales College of Medicine, where they were processed and stored at -80°C until analysis. High risk and low risk HPV Typing was undertaken using PCR , EIA (Jacobs et al 1997). Full high risk typing was performed on HPV positive specimens. Results: The study population had a mean age of 38 years with 92% negative, 5% borderline and 3% dyskaryotic cytology. The average social deprivation score was 17.4 (based upon the Welsh Index of multiple deprivation). The following results will be presented: HPV prevalence by age. HPV prevalence by cytology result. Type specific HPV prevalence in single and multiple infection. Conclusion: This study represents the largest type specific HPV Prevalence Study in the UK to date. As such it will form a useful base line against which to access performance of marketed HPV tests and evaluating the impact following implementation of HPV vaccination. [Funded by Welsh Office for Research and Development] CRISP , 1 Study (Cervical Randomized Intervention Study Protocol -1) Background: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and Diindolylmethane (DIM) are found in cruciferous vegetables and have been identified as compounds that could potentially prevent or halt carcinogenesis. I3C spontaneously forms DIM in vivo during acid digestion. I3C has been shown to prevent the development of cervical cancer in HPV 16 transgenic mice and both I3C and DIM have been shown to promote cell death in cervical cancer cell models. DIM is the major active bi-product of I3C and preliminary data indicate that DIM is active in cervical dysplasia and may be better tolerated than I3C. Aim: To investigate chemoprevention of high grade cervical neoplasia using Diindolylmethane (DIM) supplementation in women with low grade cytological abnormalities on cervical cytology. Objectives: To observe any reduction in the prevalence of histological proven high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after 6 months of supplementation. ,,To observe any reduction in the prevalence of cytological abnormalities. ,,To observe any changes in the clinical appearance of the cervix. To assess acceptability and monitor any side effects of DIM supplementation. ,,To assess whether any benefit is seen in relation to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) status including HPV Type, Viral load and integration. Methods: This is a double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 600,700 women with low grade cytological abnormalities on a cervical smear. Randomization is in the ratio of 2 : 1 in favour of active medication. Women with first mildly dyskaryotic smear or second borderline smear are eligible. They are asked to take two capsules daily for 6 months. At the end of 6 months they undergo repeat cervical cytology, HPV testing and colposcopy. Results: A progress report will be given for this ongoing study. [Funded: - Cancer Research UK] Type Specific HPV Infection in Welsh Cervical Cancers Background: Whilst there have been numerous studies of HPV infection associated with cervical cancer and on prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in diverse populations there have been no studies of these variables in the same population. Against a background of prophylactic HPV vaccination it is important to assess potential protection against cervical cancer within a given population. The most comprehensive analysis of HPV type specific cervical cancer is a meta-analysis published by the IARC in 2003. This however included only three UK based studies, totalling 118 cases, 75 of which were only investigated by HPV type PCR for four high risk types. None of this data was presented with associated population based prevalence data. Therefore, the research objectives for this study in combination with the first study above, are as follows: To determine the frequency of specific HPV types in cervical cancers in Wales. To compare the distribution of specific HPV types amongst cervical cancers with their prevalence in the general population. This will allow accurate delineation of the relationship between prevalence of specific HPV types in the general population and their association with clinically relevant disease. This information is a pre-requisite to assess the potential impact of prophylactic vaccination against HPV infection in Wales. Methods: Welsh Cervical Cancer specimens from 2000,2005 will be identified from pathology departments within Wales. The pathology of each tumour will be reviewed by a single Gynaecological Pathologist. The age of the patient and pathological features of the tumour will be noted. DNA will be extracted from the paraffin sections and HPV typed by PCR-EIA. Results: A progress report will be given for this ongoing study. [Funded by Welsh Office for Research and Development] [source]

Establishment of the 1st World Health Organization international standards for human papillomavirus type 16 DNA and type 18 DNA

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2010
Dianna E. Wilkinson
Abstract A World Health Organization collaborative study was conducted to evaluate candidate international standards for human papillomavirus (HPV) Type 16 DNA (NIBSC code 06/202) and HPV Type 18 DNA (NIBSC code 06/206) for use in the amplification and detection steps of nucleic acid-based assays. The freeze-dried candidate international standards were prepared from bulk preparations of cloned plasmid containing full-length HPV-16 or HPV-18 genomic DNA. Nineteen laboratories from 13 countries participated in the study using a variety of commercial and in-house quantitative and qualitative assays. The data presented here indicate that, upon freeze-drying, there is no significant loss in potency for the candidate HPV-18 DNA and a slight loss in potency for the candidate HPV-16 DNA; although this is likely not scientifically relevant when assay precision is considered. In general, the individual laboratory mean estimates for each study sample were grouped ±,2 log10 around the theoretical HPV DNA concentration of the reconstituted ampoule (1 × 107 HPV genome equivalents/mL). The agreement between laboratories is improved when potencies are made relative to the candidate international standards, demonstrating their utility in harmonizing amplification and detection steps of HPV-16 and ,18 DNA assays. Degradation studies indicate that the candidate international standards are extremely stable and suitable for long-term use. Based on these findings, the candidate standards were established as the 1st WHO international standards for HPV-16 DNA and HPV-18 DNA, each with a potency of 5 × 106 international units (IU) per ampoule or 1 × 107 IU mL,1 when reconstituted as directed. [source]

Significance of high-risk human papillomavirus detection by polymerase chain reaction in primary cervical cancer screening

CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
Y. L. Oh
Significance of high-risk human papillomavirus detection by polymerase chain reaction in primary cervical cancer screening The purposes of this study were to evaluate the incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to assess its diagnostic usefulness in primary cervical screening. PCR testing for HPV type 16, 18, 31 and 33 was performed on 1305 specimens obtained during routine cervical cancer screening. We analysed the concurrent cervical smears and biopsy, and correlated them with the HPV infection status. We also evaluated histologically-proven cases with ASCUS smears according to HPV infection. HPV DNA was identified in eight (0.7%) of 1144 cytologically normal patients; nine (10.5%) of 86 ASCUS; seven (25.0%) of 28 LSIL; 26 (78.8%) of 33 HSIL; and in all of three squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). HPV positivity was significantly associated with cytohistological diagnosis for HSIL of more. In addition, HPV-positive ASCUS cases were found to be associated with histological abnormality rather than HPV-negative. The results indicate that high-risk HPV testing by PCR could be a useful adjunct tool for Pap smear in primary cervical screening. The combination of Pap smear and high-risk HPV testing by PCR might reduce unnecessary colposcopy-guided biopsy of women with cytological diagnosis of ASCUS. [source]

Prevalence and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2010
Jennifer S. Smith
Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence was estimated from 2,705 sexually active, uncircumcised, human immunodeficiency virus seronegative men aged 17,28 years in Kisumu, Kenya. HPV prevalence was 51.1% (95% confidence interval: 49.2,53.0%) in penile cells from the glans/coronal sulcus and/or shaft. HPV prevalence varied by anatomical site, with 46.5% positivity in the glans/coronal sulcus compared with 19.1% in the shaft (p < 0.0001). High-risk HPV was detected in 31.2% of glans and 12.3% of shaft samples (p < 0.0001). HPV16 was the most common type and 29.2% of men were infected with more than one HPV type. Risk factors for HPV infection included presence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhea, self-reported sexually transmitted infections, and less frequent bathing. Lifetime number of sexual partners and herpes simplex virus type-2 seropositivity were also marginally associated with HPV infection. [source]

The potential impact of human papillomavirus vaccination in contemporary cytologically screened populations may be underestimated: An observational retrospective analysis of invasive cervical cancers

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 10 2009
Ned Powell
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of invasive cervical cancers attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in a contemporary, cytologically well-screened UK population. This was achieved in a retrospective observational analysis by HPV typing 453 archival invasive cervical cancers diagnosed between January 1, 2000 and September 1, 2006. Pathological material was collected from 9 hospitals across Wales (UK), and HPV typing and pathology review was conducted at a central laboratory. Genotyping for high-risk HPV DNA was performed by PCR-enzyme immunoassay using the GP5+/6+ primer set. DNA was successfully extracted from 297 cases. Two hundred and eighty cases were included in the final analysis. The proportion of cases which had only HPV 16 and/or 18 was 219 of 280 (78.2%, 95% CI = 73.0,82.7); the proportion of cases which had HPV 16 or 18 and another HPV type was 230 of 280 (82.1%, 95% CI = 77.2,86.2). The proportion of cervical cancers associated with infection with HPV types 16 and 18 has previously been estimated at around 70%. The appropriate figure for a cytologically well-screened UK population appears to be approximately 80%. Hence, the potential impact of the current vaccination programme may be underestimated. © 2009 UICC [source]

Time to clearance of human papillomavirus infection by type and human immunodeficiency virus serostatus

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 7 2006
Jill E. Koshiol
Abstract Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is central to cervical carcinogenesis. Certain high-risk types, such as HPV16, may be more persistent than other HPV types, and type-specific HPV persistence may differ by HIV serostatus. This study evaluated the association between HPV type and clearance of HPV infections in 522 HIV-seropositive and 279 HIV-seronegative participants in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS, United States, 1993,2000). Type-specific HPV infections were detected using MY09/MY11/HMB01-based PCR and 26 HPV type-specific probes. The estimated duration of type-specific infections was measured from the first HPV-positive visit to the first of two consecutive negative visits. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HPV clearance were calculated using Cox models adjusted for study site and risk behavior (sexual or injection drugs). A total of 1,800 HPV infections were detected in 801 women with 4.4 years median follow-up. HRs for clearance of HPV16 and related types versus low-risk HPV types were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64,0.97) in HIV-positive women and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.59,1.27) in HIV-negative women. HRs for HPV18 versus low-risk types were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.56,1.16) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.22,1.45) for HIV-positive and -negative women, respectively. HPV types within the high-risk category had low estimated clearance rates relative to low-risk types, but HRs were not substantially modified by HIV serostatus. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Subtype HPV38b[FA125] demonstrates heterogeneity of human papillomavirus type 38

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2006
Kristina Hazard
Abstract The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) exist as more than 100 distinct types. While variants of HPV are common, only few HPV subtypes have been reported. HPV type 38 has been proposed to be associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), with reported prevalences of up to 55%. A subtype of HPV38 was cloned, completely sequenced and found to have a 96% sequence similarity to prototype HPV38 in the L1 open reading frame. The presence of prototype HPV38 and HPV38b[FA125] was examined in paired biopsies of tape-stripped skin lesions and healthy skin from 269 immunocompetent patients by real-time PCR. Prototype HPV38 and HPV38b[FA125] were present in seven (3%) and five (2%) lesions, respectively, in viral loads ranging from one copy per 150 cells to one copy per 70,000 cells. In summary, we found that HPV38 is heterogeneous and is one of so far only few HPVs that contain subtypes. The heterogeneity needs to be considered in studies of the biology of this virus. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

HLA-B alleles, high-risk HPV infection and risk for cervical neoplasia in southern Chinese women,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2006
Paul K.S. Chan
Abstract A population-based study was conducted on 256 southern Chinese with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) or invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and on 258 controls to examine the associations between HLA-B alleles, infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the development of cervical neoplasia. HLA-B15 was found to be protective for CIN III/ICC overall (pcorrected = 0.003), and for HPV52-positive CIN III/ICC (pcorrected = 0.003). A marginal protective effect of B15 was observed for HPV16-positive CIN III/ICC, but no significant associations were revealed for HPV18- or HPV58-positive cases. None of the HLA-B alleles were found to confer an increased risk for cervical neoplasia. HLA-B15 is common among Asian for whom HPV52, a worldwide uncommon HPV type, also exists in a relatively high prevalence. It would also be worthwhile to assess the association between HLA-B15, HPV52 and cervical cancer in other Asian populations. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Impact of multiple HPV infection on response to treatment and survival in patients receiving radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2002
Barbara Bachtiary
Abstract To obtain information on the incidence and the clinical significance of infection with various types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in cancer of the uterine cervix, we retrospectively examined the HPV status of 106 patients who had received radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer stages IB to IIIB. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies and PCR was carried out to identify HPV types 16, 18, 31, 35, 33 and 45. To detect additional HPV types, consensus PCR products were cloned and sequenced. A catalyzed signal-amplified colorimetric in situ hybridization was carried out in 84 of 106 specimens as a positive control. Response to therapy, progression-free survival (PFS) and cervical cancer-specific survival (CCSS) were the statistical endpoints. Survival analysis was carried out using univariate and multivariate analysis (Cox regression). Ninety-six patients (90.6%) were HPV-positive and 42/96 (43.7%) were positive for multiple HPV types. Eight patients had persistent disease after radiotherapy. From these 8 patients, 7 were infected with multiple HPV types and only 1 patient had an infection with a single HPV type. After a median follow up period of 50 months, patients with multiple HPV infection had a significantly shorter PFS and CCSS compared to those with single HPV infection (24.8% and 34.9% vs. 64% and 60.8%, Log rank, p < 0.01 and 0.04). In multivariate analysis, the presence of multiple HPV types (RR 1.9), node status (RR 2.3), tumor size (RR 3.2) and histologic type (RR 4.8) were independent prognostic factors of CCSS. Our results demonstrate that the presence of multiple HPV types is associated with poor response and with reduced survival in cervical cancer patients who receive radiotherapy as the primary treatment. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Comparison of MY09/11 consensus PCR and type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Issue 4 2007
C. E. Depuydt
Abstract The causal relationship between persistent infection with high-risk HPV and cervical cancer has resulted in the development of HPV DNA detection systems. The widely used MY09/11 consensus PCR targets a 450bp conserved sequence in the HPV L1 gene, and can therefore amplify a broad spectrum of HPV types. However, limitations of these consensus primers are evident, particularly in regard to the variability in detection sensitivity among different HPV types. This study compared MY09/11 PCR with type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types. The study population comprised 15, 774 patients. Consensus PCR failed to detect 522 (10.9%) HPV infections indicated by type-specific PCRs. A significant correlation between failure of consensus PCR and HPV type was found. HPV types 51, 68 and 45 were missed most frequently. The clinical relevance of the HPV infections missed by MY09/11 PCR was reflected in the fraction of cases with cytological abnormalities and in follow-up, showing 104 (25.4%) CIN2+ cases. The MY09/11 false negativity could be the result of poor sensitivity, mismatch of MY09/11 primers or disruption of L1 target by HPV integration or DNA degradation. Furthermore, MY09/11 PCR lacked specificity for oncogenic HPVs. Diagnostic accuracy of the PCR systems, in terms of sensitivity (MY09/11 PCR: 87.9%; type-specific PCRs: 98.3%) and specificity (MY09/11 PCR: 38.7%; type-specific PCRs: 76.14%), and predictive values for histologically confirmed CIN2+, suggest that type-specific PCRs could be used in a clinical setting as a reliable screening tool. [source]

Identification of human papillomavirus in keratoacanthomas

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2003
Ola Forslund
Background:, Keratoacanthomas are benign, clinically distinct skin tumors that may infiltrate and show cellular atypia. A viral etiology has been suggested, and the aim was to search for human papillomavirus (HPV) in keratoacanthomas. Methods:, From 21 immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients and 11 non-immunosuppressed patients, 72 fresh biopsies with diagnosis of keratoacanthomas were analyzed. For detection of cutaneous and genital HPV DNA, single-tube nested ,hanging droplet' polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and another PCR (GP5+ and 6+) were used, respectively. Results:, Among 21 immunosuppressed patients, 71% (15/21) harbored HPV DNA at least in one sample. Of the keratoacanthoma lesions, 55% (33/60) were HPV DNA positive. Fourteen samples from eight immunosuppressed patients contained HPV types 5, 9, 10, 14, 19, 20, 21, 38, 49, 80, putative HPV types as HPVvs20-4, HPVvs75, and HPVvs92 and FA16.1, FA23.2, FA37, FA75, and FA81. Among 11 non-immunosuppressed patients, 36% (4/11) harbored HPV DNA at least in one sample, and 33% (4/12) of their keratoacanthomas were HPV DNA positive. In total, HPV DNA was detected in 51% (37/72) of the keratoacanthomas. Conclusions:, By the use of PCR, cutaneous HPV DNA was detected in 51% (37/72) of the keratoacanthomas. No predominating HPV type or genital HPV type was identified. The role of HPV in keratoacanthomas remains thus elusive. [source]

Importance of specimen type in detecting human papillomavirus DNA from the female genital tract

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 9 2009
Christine C. Roberts
Abstract HPV testing is a valuable tool in cervical cancer screening and efficacy assessment of HPV vaccines. Concordance of specimens from three sites for detection of HPV DNA in the female genital tract was evaluated. At a single visit, the following specimens were collected: an endo-ecto-cervical swab (EEC), labial/vulvar/perineal/perianal swab (LVPP) and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). Specimens were evaluated with HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV18 type- and gene-specific PCR assays. Of the 898 women evaluated at baseline, 232 were HPV PCR positive in at least one specimen. Of these, for HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV18, respectively, throughout: (a) 70.4%, 40.0%, 65.3%, and 64.1% tested three-site positive; (b) 13.6%, 30.0%, 19.7%, and 18.8% tested two-site positive; and (c) 16.4%, 30.0%, 15.0%, and 17.2% tested single-site positive. For patients who tested single-site positive for HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, or HPV18, respectively, the specimen was: LVPP in 92.3%, 33.3%, 68.2%, and 72.7%; EEC in 0.0%, 33.3%, 18.2%, and 9.1%; and CVL in 7.7%, 33.3%, 13.6%, and 18.2%. Combining results of swab specimens together increases detection of HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV 18, respectively, to 98.7%, 90.0%, 97.9%, and 96.9%. HPV DNA is detectable from all three sites using type-specific PCR assays; most women who tested positive for a given HPV type were positive for that type in all three specimens. J. Med. Virol. 81:1620,1626, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Isolation and functional analysis of five HPVE6 variants with respect to p53 degradation

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 3 2008
Thomas Hiller
Abstract Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus is a necessary risk factor in the etiology of invasive cervical carcinoma. With regard to molecular details, the best studied types are HPV16 and HPV18 which are found in 70% of cervical cancer worldwide, however factors associated with the progression of individual cervical intraepithelial neoplasias into cancer are still poorly understood. Intratype amino acid variations in the immortalizing and transforming early proteins E6 and E7 were described to be associated with progressive disease and linked to increased viral persistence or progression. One of the key actions of high risk HPVE6 proteins is the inhibition of the function of p53, a tumor suppressor protein, by enhancing its degradation through the ubiquitin pathway. In this study, variants of five HPV type E6 proteins (HPV35, 53, 56, 66, and 70) isolated from patient materials are described and functional analysis of them were done with respect to p53 degradation. Interestingly the E6 protein of HPV type 53, which has no consistent risk classification in the literature showed the highest variability in our study. The analysis of all variants revealed no differences with regard to the degradation ability for p53 compared to the prototype E6 proteins, suggesting that the variants tested revealed no altered functions related to the carcinogenicity of the respective HPV types. It therefore seems more likely that variations in the E6 gene sequence may allow evasion from the hosts immune system, supporting increased viral persistence. J. Med. Virol. 80:478,483, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in women from three clinical settings

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 1 2005
Anil K. Chaturvedi
Abstract Prevalence of 27 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes was assessed in 1,331 women in three clinical settings: Family planning clinic (low-risk HIV,, n,=,202, 21.3% HPV+), colposcopy clinic (high-risk HIV,, n,=,854, 34.3% HPV+), and HIV outpatient clinic (HIV+, n,=,275, 48.7% HPV+). Compared to women from both family planning and colposcopy clinics, HIV+ women revealed significantly higher prevalence of infection with oncogenic, non-oncogenic, and multiple HPV types. HPV types 52 and 51 were most prevalent in the low-risk HIV, women, whereas in the high-risk HIV, women, HPV types 16, 52, 58, and 35 were most prevalent. Interestingly, in the HIV+ women, less characterized types 83, 53, and 54 were most prevalent. The distinct profiles of genotype prevalence persisted after stratification by Pap smear status. After adjustment for concurrent infections with other types, HPV type 51 in the low-risk HIV, women, and types 16, 35, 39, 45, 52, and 58 in the high-risk HIV, women were significantly associated with cytologic abnormalities (exact P,<,0.05). In HIV+ women across CD4 cell count strata, HPV types 42, 16, and 82 revealed significant decreasing trends with increasing CD4 counts (exact P for trend,<,0.05). These data suggest distinct genotypic prevalence profiles in women at diverse risk for cervical cancer. The association of several genotypes with cytologic abnormalities underscores the need for vaccines targeting a wide range of HPV types. J. Med. Virol. 75:105,113, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Longitudinal Study Comparing Severity Associated With Human Papilloma Viral Types 6 and 11 and Other Risk Factors in a Large Pediatric Population,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue S104 2004
Brian J. Wiatrak MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: A database was developed for prospective, longitudinal study of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in a large population of pediatric patients. Data recorded for each patient included epidemiological factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) type, clinical course, staged severity of disease at each surgical intervention, and frequency of surgical intervention. The study hypothesizes that patients with HPV type 11 (HPV-11) and patients younger than 3 years of age at diagnosis are at risk for more aggressive and extensive disease. Study Design: The 10-year prospective epidemiological study used disease staging for each patient with an original scoring system. Severity scores were updated at each surgical procedure. Methods: Parents of children with RRP referred to the authors' hospital completed a detailed epidemiological questionnaire at the initial visit or at the first return visit after the study began. At the first endoscopic debridement after study enrollment, tissue was obtained and submitted for HPV typing using polymerase chain reaction techniques and in situ hybridization. Staging of disease severity was performed in real time at each endoscopic procedure using an RRP scoring system developed by one of the authors (B.J.W.). The frequency of endoscopic operative debridement was recorded for each patient. Information in the database was analyzed to identify statistically significant relationships between extent of disease and/or HPV type, patient age at diagnosis, and selected epidemiological factors. Results: The study may represent the first longitudinal prospective analysis of a large pediatric RRP population. Fifty-eight of the 73 patients in the study underwent HPV typing. Patients infected with HPV-11 were significantly more likely to have higher severity scores, require more frequent surgical intervention, and require adjuvant therapy to control disease progression. In addition, patients with HPV-11 RRP were significantly more likely to develop tracheal disease, to require tracheotomy, and to develop pulmonary disease. Patients receiving a diagnosis of RRP before 3 years of age had significantly higher severity scores, higher frequencies of surgical intervention, and greater likelihood of requiring adjuvant medical therapy. Patients with Medicaid insurance had significantly higher severity scores and required more frequent surgical debridement. Birth by cesarean section appeared to be a significant risk factor for more severe disease and necessity of more frequent surgical intervention. Conclusion: Statistical analysis of the relationships among epidemiological factors, HPV type, and clinical course revealed that patients with HPV-11 and patients younger than 3 years of age at RRP diagnosis are prone to develop more aggressive disease as represented by higher severity scores at endoscopic debridement, more frequent operative debridement procedures per year, a greater requirement for adjuvant therapy, and greater likelihood of tracheal disease with tracheotomy. [source]

High frequency of multiple HPV types in cervical specimens from Danish women

APMIS, Issue 2 2009
NINA MEJLHEDE
Genital human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is common and usually harmless. However, chronic cervical infection with high-risk HPV types can cause cell changes that may eventually lead to cancer. To determine the frequency of individual HPV types among mixed infections, we examined the type distribution among cervical specimens from more than 1000 Danish women. We also examined the HPV type distribution and the frequency of single and multiple HPV types for specimens from 113 women who underwent conization and were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II or worse (CIN2+). Using microarray technology, we found that 49% of the HPV-positive patients were infected with multiple HPV types. Among the CIN2+ diagnosed women, this frequency was 41%. The most frequently found high-risk HPV type was HPV-16, which was found in 25% of the HPV-positive cervical specimens. Among the HPV positive CIN2+ diagnosed women, 48% were HPV-16 positive. Women younger than 30 years of age had a higher frequency of multiple infections (61%) than women older than 30 years (39%). We conclude that cervical infection with multiple HPV types is common among women in all age groups and among women with or without the diagnosis of CIN2+. [source]

Human papillomavirus infection and primary fallopian tube carcinoma: a seroepidemiological study

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
A Riska
Objective, To evaluate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 or 33 infection in primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC). Design, A retrospective case,control study. Setting, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Population, Seventy-eight consecutive women with PFTC diagnosed between 1985 and 2000 were studied. For each case, two healthy controls were selected. Methods, Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 were measured from women with PFTC and their healthy controls. Main outcome measures, Analysis of HPV 6, 11, 18, 31 and 33 seropositivity among women with PFTC and controls. Results, Seropositivity rates of non-oncogenic or oncogenic HPV types did not differ between cases and controls, odds ratios being 1.04,1.30 for oncogenic HPVs and 1.08,1.19 for non-oncogenic HPVs, similarly. We did not find any multiplicative joint effect in PFTC by antibodies to more than one oncogenic HPV type; neither did we find any antagonistic effect among women with antibodies to non-oncogenic and oncogenic HPV types. Conclusions, Our results do not suggest any link between PFTC and serological evidence for HPV infection. [source]

Human papillomavirus-associated increase in p16INK4A expression in penile lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
D.M. Prowse
Summary Background, Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are sexually transmitted human carcinogens that may play a role in the oncogenesis of penile cancer. Objectives, To investigate the role of HPV infection and expression of the tumour suppressor protein p16INK4A in the pathogenesis of penile cancer. Methods, By means of polymerase chain reaction amplification and reverse hybridization line probe assay to detect HPV infection, and immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4A and Ki67, we analysed 26 penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 20 independent penile lichen sclerosus (LS) lesions from 46 patients. Results, HPV DNA was found in 54% of penile SCCs and 33% of penile LS cases in single and multiple infections. High-risk HPV 16 was the predominant HPV type detected. No relationship between Ki67 expression and HPV infection was observed. Strong immunostaining for p16INK4A correlated with HPV 16/18 infection in both penile LS and penile SCC. In our penile SCC series the cancer margins were also associated with penile LS in 13 of 26 lesions, and HPV was detected in seven of the 13 SCC cases associated with LS and in six of the 11 SCC lesions not involving LS. Conclusions, Our study shows a high prevalence of HPV 16 and p16INK4A expression in penile lesions, consistent with an active role for HPV in interfering with the retinoblastoma pathway. High-risk HPV infection could be involved in the tumorigenic process in 50% of penile cancers, and the use of prophylactic HPV vaccines has the potential to prevent these cancers. [source]

A broad spectrum of human papillomavirus types is present in the skin of Australian patients with non-melanoma skin cancers and solar keratosis

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
O. Forslund
SummaryBackground Human papillomavirus (HPV) may play a role in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) patients, but in the general population no specific HPV types have been associated with these lesions. Objectives To examine the spectrum of HPV types present in the skin and tumours of Australian patients with NMSC or solar keratosis (SK). Methods Biopsies from tumours, and cotton swab samples of perilesional skin and buttock skin from each of 59 Australian patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or SK were tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using HPV consensus (FAP) primers and by type-specific primers for HPV 38 and candidate HPV 92. The identification of HPV type from consensus PCR was performed by sequencing and comparison with GenBank. Results In total, 49 of 59 (83%) patients harboured HPV DNA, which was detected in 28 of 64 (44%) biopsies, 48 of 64 (75%; P < 0·001) perilesional swabs and 36 of 59 (61%; P = 0·04) buttock swabs. Forty-five different HPV types/putative types were detected: 15 were previously characterized HPV types, 17 were earlier described putative types and 13 were new putative types. In addition, six subtypes and four variants of HPV sequences were identified. HPV types within the B1 group (EV HPV types) were found in 26 of 64 (40%) lesions, 44 of 64 (69%) perilesional swabs and 35 of 59 (59%) buttock swabs. HPV 38 was detected in 23 of 59 (39%) patients, and was found in seven of 16 (43%) SKs, but was less common in SCCs [three of 23 (13%); P = 0·037] and BCCs [four of 25 (16%); P = 0·056]. Candidate HPV 92 was found in seven of 59 (12%) patients. Conclusions A broad spectrum of HPV types, the majority from the B1 group, was found in skin of Australian patients with skin tumours. HPV 38 was found significantly more often in SK than in SCC. However, the role of cutaneous HPV infection in the pathogenesis of NMSC remains elusive. [source]

Human papillomavirus infection and the primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer,,§

CANCER, Issue S7 2008
Douglas R. Lowy MD
Abstract A wealth of evidence has led to the conclusion that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are attributable to persistent infection by a subset of human papillomavirus (HPV) types, especially HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and HPV-18. These HPV types also cause a proportion of other cancers, including vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. Although cervical cancer screening, primarily with the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, has reduced the incidence of this cancer in industrialized countries, cervical cancer remains the second most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, because the developing world has lacked the resources for widespread, high-quality screening. In addition to advances in Pap smear technology, the identification of HPV as the etiologic agent has produced 2 recent advances that may have a major impact on approaches to reduce the incidence of this disease. The first is the development of a preventive vaccine, the current versions of which appear to prevent close to 100% of persistent genital infection and disease caused by HPV-16 and HPV-18; future second-generation vaccines may be able to protect against oncogenic infections by a broader array of HPV types. The second is the incorporation of HPV testing into screening programs. In women aged >30 years, HPV testing can identify high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia earlier than Pap smears with acceptable rates of specificity. These results, together with the high sensitivity of HPV testing, suggest that such testing could permit increased intervals for screening. An inexpensive HPV test in development, if successful, may be incorporated as part of an economically viable ,screen-and-treat' approach in the developing world. The manner in which vaccination and screening programs are integrated will need to be considered carefully so that they are efficient in reducing theoverall incidence of cervical cancer. Cancer 2008;113(7 suppl):1980,93. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society. [source]

Occurrence of human papillomavirus in pterygia

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 8 2009
Marta Piecyk-Sidor
Abstract. Purpose:, The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in pterygium. Methods:, The study involved 89 patients undergoing surgical procedures at the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. Group 1 included 58 patients with clinically diagnosed pterygium. Group 2 consisted of 31 individuals with normal conjunctiva. The material was collected during elective surgical procedures. The presence of HPV genome was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Once the presence of HPV DNA was confirmed, 28 HPV genotypes were determined using reverse hybridization. Results:, The determinations confirmed the presence of HPV DNA in pterygium. In the material collected from 58 cases of pterygium (group 1), HPV DNA was identified in 16 patients (27.6%). In the material from 31 diagnostic specimens of normal conjunctiva (group 2), the presence of HPV was demonstrated in three cases (9.7%). A statistically significant difference was found in the presence of HPV DNA between the patients from groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.041). HPV type 16 was most common and was demonstrated in 56% of HPV-positive cases of pterygium. HPV 16 and HPV 6 co-infections were found in 19% of cases, while HPV 18 and HPV 6 co-infections were observed in 13%. In group 2, all three patients with HPV showed HPV 18. Conclusion:, It seems that HPV is not necessary to induce pterygium; however, it might play a synergistic role in the multi-stage process of its development. [source]

Investigation into the effects of cidofovir on an in vitro model of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
A.J. Donne
Problem. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) has no cure, and cidofovir is currently the most contemporary adjuvant treatment. Cidofovir has reported activity against Human Papilloma Virus type 16, but no laboratory studies have yet been performed on HPV type 6 which is the main cause of RRP. This work describes the generation of a novel HPV 6 related cell line and its use to evaluate the effects of Cidofovir. Method. HPV6b E6 cDNA was stably introduced into HPV negative C33A cervical carcinoma cells to produce the C33AT6E6 cell line. Two different doses of Cidofovir were applied to parent C33A, C33AT6E6 and C33AT16E6 (type 16 cell line) with appropriate controls. Growth and FACS cell cycle analysis were performed after 3 and 6 days of continuous exposure followed by 2 and 3 days post-drug withdrawal. Result.PCR analysis confirmed HPV6 E6 expression in C33AT6E6 cells. High dose cidofovir was toxic at 3 and 6 days exposure in all cells tested. Low dose exposure was toxic for C33AT16E6 cells at 3 days whereas C33A and C33AT6E6 only showed minimal toxicity at 6 days. C33A and C33AT6E6 cells also showed earlier recovery following drug withdrawal. Conclusion.Cidofovir showed varying degrees of non-specific toxicity against all three cell lines tested. However, HPV16 E6 expressing cells were more sensitive than either parent or HPV6 E6 expressing cells indicating that cidofovir has no selective advantage for the RRP related HPV6 E6 expressing cell line. [source]

Trials update in wales

Human Papillomavirus and Overexpression of P16INK4a in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2004
Ingo Nindl PhD
Background. P16INK4a overexpression has been identified as a specific biomarker in high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV),infected cervical (pre)cancer lesions. Objective. To evaluate the overexpression of this cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in skin tumors depending on HPV infections, we analyzed normal skin, benign skin disease, and skin cancer specimens. Methods. Biopsies of 23 patients with normal histology (3), psoriasis (2), verrucae vulgaris (2), actinic keratoses (5), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ (3), Bowen's carcinoma (1), and SCC (7) were analyzed. Specimens of 23 patients were immunostained using the monoclonal antibody E6H4 specific for p16INK4a. HPV status was assessed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system to detect all currently known HPV types. MY (MY09/MY11 and MYN9/MYN10)-, CP (CP65/CP70 and CP66/CP69)-nested PCR, and three single PCR methods CN1, CN3, and CN4 were used in a first step, and HPV typing was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Only ,-globin,positive patients were included in this study. Results. HPV DNA was detected in all actinic keratoses, SCC in situ, Bowen's carcinoma, and SCC, in 50% (one of two) of verrucae vulgaris, in 66% (two of three) of normal skin, and in none of two psoriasis. P16INK4a expression was not detected in normal skin, psoriasis, and verrucae vulgares. Overexpression of p16INK4a was detected in a subset of dysplastic cells (10% to 80%) of all skin (pre)cancer lesions such as actinic keratoses, SCC in situ, Bowen's carcinoma, and SCC infected with HPV independent of sun exposure. Conclusion. P16INK4a appears to be overexpressed in a portion of dysplastic cells from actinic keratoses and SCC. Further studies to examine the association of HPV infection and the overexpression of p16INK4a are warranted. [source]

p16 Immunoreactivity in unusual types of cervical adenocarcinoma does not reflect human papillomavirus infection

HISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Oisin Houghton
Houghton O, Jamison J, Wilson R, Carson J & McCluggage W G (2010) Histopathology,57, 342,350 p16 Immunoreactivity in unusual types of cervical adenocarcinoma does not reflect human papillomavirus infection Aims:, The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical carcinoma is well known, with HPV being identifiable in almost all cervical squamous carcinomas and most adenocarcinomas. However, the prevalence of HPV in unusual morphological types of cervical adenocarcinoma has not been investigated extensively. The aim was to determine HPV status in a series of primary cervical adenocarcinomas, enriched for unusual morphological types. The relationship between HPV and p16 immunoreactivity in these neoplasms was also investigated, as it is generally assumed that in cervical neoplasms diffuse p16 expression is predictive of the presence of high-risk HPV. Methods and results:, Sixty-three cervical adenocarcinomas, comprising those of usual type (n = 43), minimal deviation type (n = 4), gastric type (n = 3), intestinal type (n = 3), mesonephric type (n = 3), clear cell type (n = 4), serous type (n = 2) and hepatoid type (n = 1) underwent linear array HPV genotyping and immunohistochemistry for p16. Overall, HPV was identified in 32 of 56 cases (57%) in which sufficient DNA was present for analysis. The most common HPV types were 16 and 18, with these being identified in 20 and 18 cases, respectively, either alone or in combination. Seventy-eight per cent of usual-type adenocarcinomas were HPV-positive, as was the single serous carcinoma in which there was sufficient DNA for analysis. In contrast, all minimal deviation adenocarcinomas and those of gastric, intestinal, mesonephric and clear cell types were HPV-negative, as was the single hepatoid carcinoma. All usual-type adenocarcinomas exhibited p16 immunoreactivity (diffuse staining in all but one case), as did 11 of 20 of those of unusual morphological type (five focal, six diffuse). Conclusions:, Most, but not all, cervical adenocarcinomas of usual type contain HPV, but those of unusual morphological type are almost always HPV-negative. This has implications for the efficacy of HPV vaccination in the prevention of cervical adenocarcinoma. A significant proportion of cervical adenocarcinomas are p16-positive in the absence of HPV, illustrating that in these neoplasms diffuse p16 immunoreactivity is not a reliable surrogate marker of the presence of high-risk HPV. [source]

A prospective study on the natural course of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and the presence of HPV16 E2-, E6- and E7-specific T-cell responses

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2010
Yin Ling Woo
Abstract This study investigates the clinical course of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), HPV status and HPV16-specific immune response in a large prospective study of 125 women with LSIL followed cytologically, virologically and histologically. Women with low-grade abnormal smears were recruited and followed-up for one year. Colposcopy, cervical biopsy for histology and brushings for HPV typing was performed at recruitment, 6 months (no biopsy) and upon completion of the study at one year. HPV16-specific T-cell responses were analysed by interferon-, ELISPOT at entry, 6 and 12 months. Infection with multiple HPV types was detected in 70% of all patients, HPV16 was found in 42% of the patients. LSIL lesions progressed to HSIL in 24%, persisted in 60% and regressed to normal in 16% of the patients. No difference was observed in the clearance rate of infections with single or multiple HPV types among the groups with a different histological outcome. HPV16-specific type 1 T-cell responses were detected in only half of the patients with an HPV16+ LSIL, and predominantly reactive to HPV16 E2 and E6. Interestingly, the presence of HPV16 E2-specific T-cell responses correlated with absence of progression of HPV16+ lesions (p = 0.005) while the detection of HPV16 E6 specific reactivity was associated with persistence (p = 0.05). This large prospective study showed that the majority of LSIL persisted or progressed within the first year. This was paralleled by immune failure as most of the patients with an HPV16+ LSIL failed to react to peptides of HPV16 E2, E6 or E7. [source]

The potential impact of human papillomavirus vaccination in contemporary cytologically screened populations may be underestimated: An observational retrospective analysis of invasive cervical cancers

Population dynamics of serologically identified coinfections with human papillomavirus types 11, 16, 18 and 31 in fertile-aged Finnish women

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 9 2009
Marjo Kaasila
Abstract Licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are expected to prevent high-risk (hr) HPV-infections (most notably types 16 and 18). Whether HPV vaccination will change the distribution of hrHPVs at the population level is open, since competition between HPV types is not well understood. Two stratified random subcohorts (1983,1997 and 1995,2003) of 7,815 and 3,252 women with a minimum of 2 pregnancies (<32 years) were selected from the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Using ELISA based on virus-like particles (VLP), we determined antibodies to HPV11, 16, 18 and 31 in paired sera of the women and used Poisson regression models to estimate the risk of further infection with other HPV types in those positive for HPV16 or HPV18 at baseline. Baseline HPV16 seropositivity was associated with increased risk of later infections with HPV18 (3.1, 95% CI: 1.7, 5.6). HPV18 seropositivity was associated with increased risk of HPV16 (3.9, 95% CI: 2.5, 6.1). Our observations favor a coinfection rather than superinfection model for the different HPV types and are not suggestive for type-replacement following HPV vaccination. © 2009 UICC [source]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in invasive cervical cancers in France: EDITH study ,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2008
Jean-Luc Prétet
Abstract Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in France. Since human papillomavirus (HPV) is the necessary cause of ICC, the aim of this study was to assess the type-specific prevalence of HPV in ICC in France in order to locally evaluate the potential benefit of an HPV 16/18 L1 virus-like particles (VLP) vaccination. A total of 516 histological specimens collected in 15 centers were analyzed. Among them, 86% had a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) whereas 14% were adenocarcinomas (ADC). HPV genotyping was performed using the INNO-LiPA assay allowing the specific detection of 24 HPV genotypes both high risk (HR) and low risk (LR). The overall HPV prevalence in ICC was 97%. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 (73%) and HPV 18 (19%) followed by HPV 31 (7%), 33, 68, 45, 52 and 58 (4.1,2.3%). HPV 16 and/or 18 were associated with 82% of ICC, 10% being HPV 16 and 18 coinfections. While HPV 16 was the most prevalent type in both SCC (74%) and ADC (64%), HPV 18 was by far more prevalent in ADC (37%) compared to SCC (16%; p < 0.001). Multiple infections with at least two different HR HPV genotypes were observed in 22% of ICC. Given the high HPV 16/18 prevalence and taking into account possible production of crossneutralizing antibodies against other HPV types, HPV 16/18 L1 VLP vaccination would be expected to significantly reduce the burden of ICC in France. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

A prospective pilot study of antibodies against human papillomaviruses and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma nested in the Oxford component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 8 2007
Delphine Casabonne
Abstract In a prospective pilot study nested in the EPIC-Oxford cohort, we examined the seroprevalence of antibodies against the L1 antigen of 38 human papilloma virus (HPV) types among 39 cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for whom plasma was collected prior to diagnosis (incident) and 80 controls. Fifteen cases having already developed SCC at blood collection (prevalent) were also tested. There were no statistically significant differences in the seroprevalence of antibodies against any of the HPV types examined between incident cases and controls, nor was there a difference in the seroprevalence of multiple infections. However, consistent with results from published case,control studies, the seroprevalence of many ,-HPV types was higher among prevalent cases than among either incident cases or controls. For example the seroprevalence of antibodies against HPV-8 was 20% (16/80) in controls, 23% (9/39) among incident cases and 40% (6/15) among prevalent cases. Among the incident cases only, the seroprevalence was 16% (5/32) among those for whom blood was collected 18+ months prior to diagnosis, but 57% (4/7) among those for whom diagnosis was within 18 months of blood collection, a pattern seen for many of the HPV types. This might suggest that if HPV is involved in the aetiology of SCC, the process occurs close to the time of diagnosis, or that the antibody response observed in people with SCC is a consequence of tumor formation. Further and larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of HPV in the aetiology of cutaneous SCC. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]