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HPV Prevalence (hpv + prevalence)
Selected AbstractsTrials update in walesCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2007A. Fiander Three ongoing studies will be presented and discussed. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in a South Wales Screening population Methods: A total of 10 000 consecutive, anonymous liquid based cytology screening samples were collected over a five month period in 2004. Age, cytology result and social deprivation score was provided for each specimen. The methodology was chosen to ensure inclusion of all women attending routine cervical screening, avoiding potential constraints associated with obtaining individual informed consent. The liquid based cytology samples were processed and reported by the receiving cytology laboratory and the residual specimens sent to the HPV Research Laboratory, Wales College of Medicine, where they were processed and stored at -80°C until analysis. High risk and low risk HPV Typing was undertaken using PCR , EIA (Jacobs et al 1997). Full high risk typing was performed on HPV positive specimens. Results: The study population had a mean age of 38 years with 92% negative, 5% borderline and 3% dyskaryotic cytology. The average social deprivation score was 17.4 (based upon the Welsh Index of multiple deprivation). The following results will be presented: HPV prevalence by age. HPV prevalence by cytology result. Type specific HPV prevalence in single and multiple infection. Conclusion: This study represents the largest type specific HPV Prevalence Study in the UK to date. As such it will form a useful base line against which to access performance of marketed HPV tests and evaluating the impact following implementation of HPV vaccination. [Funded by Welsh Office for Research and Development] CRISP , 1 Study (Cervical Randomized Intervention Study Protocol -1) Background: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and Diindolylmethane (DIM) are found in cruciferous vegetables and have been identified as compounds that could potentially prevent or halt carcinogenesis. I3C spontaneously forms DIM in vivo during acid digestion. I3C has been shown to prevent the development of cervical cancer in HPV 16 transgenic mice and both I3C and DIM have been shown to promote cell death in cervical cancer cell models. DIM is the major active bi-product of I3C and preliminary data indicate that DIM is active in cervical dysplasia and may be better tolerated than I3C. Aim: To investigate chemoprevention of high grade cervical neoplasia using Diindolylmethane (DIM) supplementation in women with low grade cytological abnormalities on cervical cytology. Objectives: To observe any reduction in the prevalence of histological proven high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after 6 months of supplementation. ,,To observe any reduction in the prevalence of cytological abnormalities. ,,To observe any changes in the clinical appearance of the cervix. To assess acceptability and monitor any side effects of DIM supplementation. ,,To assess whether any benefit is seen in relation to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) status including HPV Type, Viral load and integration. Methods: This is a double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 600,700 women with low grade cytological abnormalities on a cervical smear. Randomization is in the ratio of 2 : 1 in favour of active medication. Women with first mildly dyskaryotic smear or second borderline smear are eligible. They are asked to take two capsules daily for 6 months. At the end of 6 months they undergo repeat cervical cytology, HPV testing and colposcopy. Results: A progress report will be given for this ongoing study. [Funded: - Cancer Research UK] Type Specific HPV Infection in Welsh Cervical Cancers Background: Whilst there have been numerous studies of HPV infection associated with cervical cancer and on prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in diverse populations there have been no studies of these variables in the same population. Against a background of prophylactic HPV vaccination it is important to assess potential protection against cervical cancer within a given population. The most comprehensive analysis of HPV type specific cervical cancer is a meta-analysis published by the IARC in 2003. This however included only three UK based studies, totalling 118 cases, 75 of which were only investigated by HPV type PCR for four high risk types. None of this data was presented with associated population based prevalence data. Therefore, the research objectives for this study in combination with the first study above, are as follows: To determine the frequency of specific HPV types in cervical cancers in Wales. To compare the distribution of specific HPV types amongst cervical cancers with their prevalence in the general population. This will allow accurate delineation of the relationship between prevalence of specific HPV types in the general population and their association with clinically relevant disease. This information is a pre-requisite to assess the potential impact of prophylactic vaccination against HPV infection in Wales. Methods: Welsh Cervical Cancer specimens from 2000,2005 will be identified from pathology departments within Wales. The pathology of each tumour will be reviewed by a single Gynaecological Pathologist. The age of the patient and pathological features of the tumour will be noted. DNA will be extracted from the paraffin sections and HPV typed by PCR-EIA. Results: A progress report will be given for this ongoing study. [Funded by Welsh Office for Research and Development] [source] Human papillomavirus prevalence and cytopathology correlation in young Ugandan women using a low-cost liquid-based pap preparationDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2010Janis M. Taube M.D. Abstract Screening for HPV-driven cervical dysplasia and neoplasia is a significant public health concern in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to use a manual, low-cost liquid-based Pap preparation to determine HPV prevalence in HIV-positive and HIV-negative young women in Kampala, Uganda and to correlate cervical cytopathology with HPV-DNA genotype. About 196 post-partum women aged 18,30 years underwent rapid HIV testing and pelvic examination. Liquid-based cervical cytology samples were processed using a low-cost manual technique. A DNA collection device was used to collect specimens for HPV genotyping. HIV and HPV prevalence was 18 and 64%, respectively. Overall, 49% of women were infected with a high-risk HPV genotype. The most common high-risk HPV genotypes were 16 (8.2%), 33 (7.7%), 35 (6.6%), 45 (5.1%), and 58 (5.1%). The prevalence of HPV 18 was 3.6%. HIV-positive women had an HPV prevalence of 86% compared to 59% in HIV-negative women (P = 0.003). The prevalence of HPV 16/18 did not differ by HIV status. HIV-positive women were infected with a significantly greater number of HPV genotypes compared to HIV-negative women. By multivariate analysis, the main risk factor for HPV infection was coinfection with HIV. HIV-positive women were four times more likely to have abnormal cytology than HIV-negative women (43% vs. 11.6%, P < 0.001). These data highlight that HIV infection is a strong risk factor for HPV infection and resultant abnormal cervical cytology. Notably, the manual low-cost liquid-based Pap preparation is practical in this setting and offers an alternate method for local studies of HPV vaccine efficacy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:555,563. 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prevalence and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan menINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2010Jennifer S. Smith Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence was estimated from 2,705 sexually active, uncircumcised, human immunodeficiency virus seronegative men aged 17,28 years in Kisumu, Kenya. HPV prevalence was 51.1% (95% confidence interval: 49.2,53.0%) in penile cells from the glans/coronal sulcus and/or shaft. HPV prevalence varied by anatomical site, with 46.5% positivity in the glans/coronal sulcus compared with 19.1% in the shaft (p < 0.0001). High-risk HPV was detected in 31.2% of glans and 12.3% of shaft samples (p < 0.0001). HPV16 was the most common type and 29.2% of men were infected with more than one HPV type. Risk factors for HPV infection included presence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhea, self-reported sexually transmitted infections, and less frequent bathing. Lifetime number of sexual partners and herpes simplex virus type-2 seropositivity were also marginally associated with HPV infection. [source] Cervical cancer screening program integrating Pap smear and HPV DNA testing: A population-based studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2008Angel Chao Abstract We conducted a population-based cohort study to evaluate the complementary value of HPV testing to Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in Taiwan. In this report, we described the design of the whole study and analyzed the cross-sectional results. Female residents (age , 30 years) of Taoyuan, Taiwan were invited. After signing informed consent, every participant had a Pap smear and a HPV testing. Patients with Pap , atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (Group I) or those with HPV-positive but normal cytology (Group II) were referred for a colposcopic examination. A total of 10,014 women were eligible. The overall HPV prevalence was 10.8% (95% confidence interval 10.5%,11.4%) in the study population. A total of 37 types of HPV were identified and the leading three were HPV-52, -18 and -58. There was a significant positive correlation of HPV prevalence with older age, postmenopausal status, current-user of oral contraceptives and never-user of hormone replacement therapy. Past users of oral contraceptives and never users of Pap were associated with higher risk of abnormal Pap, while age 40,49 strata had lower risk. Fifty-nine cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 from Group I and additional 11 from Group II were identified. The improvement of sensitivity with additional HPV testing was 15.3%. Besides, no specific subgroup was found to most benefit from the combined strategy. The value of adding HPV test to conventional Pap smear has to be evaluated after longer-term follow-up of this population-based cohort. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in invasive cervical cancers in France: EDITH study ,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2008Jean-Luc Prétet Abstract Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in France. Since human papillomavirus (HPV) is the necessary cause of ICC, the aim of this study was to assess the type-specific prevalence of HPV in ICC in France in order to locally evaluate the potential benefit of an HPV 16/18 L1 virus-like particles (VLP) vaccination. A total of 516 histological specimens collected in 15 centers were analyzed. Among them, 86% had a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) whereas 14% were adenocarcinomas (ADC). HPV genotyping was performed using the INNO-LiPA assay allowing the specific detection of 24 HPV genotypes both high risk (HR) and low risk (LR). The overall HPV prevalence in ICC was 97%. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 (73%) and HPV 18 (19%) followed by HPV 31 (7%), 33, 68, 45, 52 and 58 (4.1,2.3%). HPV 16 and/or 18 were associated with 82% of ICC, 10% being HPV 16 and 18 coinfections. While HPV 16 was the most prevalent type in both SCC (74%) and ADC (64%), HPV 18 was by far more prevalent in ADC (37%) compared to SCC (16%; p < 0.001). Multiple infections with at least two different HR HPV genotypes were observed in 22% of ICC. Given the high HPV 16/18 prevalence and taking into account possible production of crossneutralizing antibodies against other HPV types, HPV 16/18 L1 VLP vaccination would be expected to significantly reduce the burden of ICC in France. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] HPV integration begins in the tonsillar crypt and leads to the alteration of p16, EGFR and c-myc during tumor formationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 7 2007Se-Heon Kim Abstract The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is high in the oropharyngeal mucosal regions, of which the tonsil is the most commonly affected. There may be a link between HPV and the pathogenesis of tonsillar cancer (TC), because of common anatomical characteristics between cervical and tonsillar cancer. We aimed to clarify whether HPV directly affects the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of TC by making a comparison between infection prevalence, physical status and viral loading numbers, and clinicopathologic prognostic factors. To compare HPV-related molecules between TC and tonsillitis (CFT), p16, survivin, HIF-1,, skp-1, cyclin A, cyclin B1, c-myc and EGFR were investigated. We observed a significant difference in HPV prevalence between 52 TCs and 69 CFTs (73.1% vs. 11.6%), and most of the HPVs were type 16 (87.2%) and nonepisomal (94.1%). Most TCs associated with HPV arose from the tonsillar crypts, and tended to be inverted and poorly differentiated. Compared with HPV-negative TC, HPV-positive TC showed a strong association with p16 overexpression (p < 0.0001), and an inverse association with EGFR amplification (p = 0.0478). HPV-16 integration status was strongly associated with c-myc amplification (p = 0.034) and HIF-1, overexpression (p = 0.022). HPV-16 integration could be directly related to tonsillar carcinogenesis initially in tonsillar crypts, followed by cell cycle aberration such as p16 overexpression related to the G1-S phase. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cervical and oral human papillomavirus types in HIV-1 positive and negative women with cervical disease in South AfricaJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 6 2008Dianne J. Marais Abstract This study tested cervical and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV,) women to determine any association between infections at both sites and the difference in prevalence of the HPV types infecting these women. Participants were 115 women referred to a colposcopy clinic after diagnosis of abnormal cervical cytology. The women showed low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) or high grade disease (CIN2/3) or no CIN based on colposcopy and histology. Typing of HPV in cervical and oral cells was by Roche linear array and included direct sequencing on selected oral samples. Cervical HPV prevalence was 86.5% and 97.1% in HIV, and HIV+ women respectively. With the exception of HPV-45, prominent in HIV+ women, the hierarchy of predominant types were similar in HIV, and HIV+ women. HPV-16 was most prevalent in both HIV+ (41.7%) and HIV, women (38.5%) with CIN2/3. Significantly more HIV+ women had multiple cervical (>1) infections than HIV, women (36.1% vs. 88.2%, P,<,0.001) and more oral HPV infections (45.5% and 25% respectively; P,=,0.04). The most prevalent oral HPV types were HPV-33, -11, and -72. The majority of women did not have concordant oral and cervical HPV types, reflecting possible independence of infection at the two sites. HIV immune suppression did not impact significantly on the predominant types of cervical HPV infection (except for HPV-45). HIV+ women had more multiple HPV infections and those with severe cervical disease a similar prevalence of HIV-16 but a lower HPV-18 prevalence than HIV, women. J. Med. Virol. 80:953,959, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prevalence of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 in a cohort of Greek womenJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 12 2007Efstathia Panotopoulou Abstract To study HPV prevalence and HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 distribution in cervical smears in a cohort of Greek women. One thousand six hundred thirty-six samples were cytologically evaluated and molecularly analyzed, by PCR based assay. Abnormal cytology was identified in 997 women and 75.4% of them were HPV DNA positive, while 639 had normal cytology and 24.6% were HPV DNA positive. HPV was detected in 62.9% of 256 ASCUS smears, 89.3% of 516 LSIL, 86.7% of 60 HSIL and 47.3% of 165 with cervical carcinoma. Overall, HPV 11 was the most common type (13.4%), followed by 18 (10.3%), 6 (7.2%), 16 (6.4%), 31 (3.4%) and 33 (3.4%). Multiple infections with two (11.3%) or more types, primarily 11 and 18 (4.8%), were also identified. Low-risk types 11 and 6 were common in ASCUS (36.6% and 26.4%, respectively), and high-risk types 16 and 18 in HSIL (42.3% and 30.8%, respectively) and in cancer (51.3% and 41%, respectively). Multiple infections were detected in 2.2% of normal and 31.7% of HSIL. HPV prevalence was 75.4% in abnormal and 24.6% in normal cervical smears. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types in cancer. Single infection with type 11 and multiple infections with 11 and 18 were more frequent. J. Med. Virol. 79:1898,1905, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Human papillomavirus genotypes associated with cervical cytologic abnormalities and HIV infection in Ugandan womenJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 6 2007D.B. Blossom Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with almost all cases of cervical cancer, and cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women living in developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and cervical cytologic abnormalities in women presenting to a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Kampala, Uganda. In June and July, 2002, 135 women underwent complete physical exams including Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. HIV status was evaluated by serology. Cervical and vaginal swabs were obtained by clinicians and tested for HPV genotypes by PCR/reverse blot strip assay. Of the 106 women with cervical swabs adequate for HPV testing, the HPV prevalence was 46.2% (49/106). HIV prevalence was 34.9% (37/106). High risk genotypes 52, 58, and 16 were the genotypes detected most commonly. Eighteen percent (9/49) of women infected with HPV were found to have genotypes 16 and/or 18. Seventy-three percent (27/37) of HIV-positive women versus 16% (10/63) of HIV-negative women had abnormal Pap smears (P,<,0.0001). Among HIV-positive women, abnormal Pap smears were associated with the presence of high risk HPV genotypes (P,<,0.001). The majority of women infected with HPV attending this sexually transmitted infections clinic in Uganda were infected with high risk HPV genotypes other than 16 and 18. Future studies should focus on whether current HPV vaccine formulations, that are limited to high risk genotypes 16 and 18, would be effective at decreasing the burden of cervical cancer in this population. J. Med. Virol. 79: 758,765, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Population-based type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Swedish WomenJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2002Ola Forslund Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be used to identify women at risk of the development of cervical cancer. The cost-effectiveness of HPV screening is dependent on the type-specific HPV prevalence in the general population. The present study describes the prevalence and spectrum of high-risk HPV types found in a large real-life population-based HPV screening trial undertaken entirely within the cervical screening program offered to middle-aged Swedish women. Cervical brush samples from 6,123 women aged 32,38 years were analyzed using a general HPV primer (GP5+/6+) polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) combined with reverse dot-blot hybridization for confirmation and HPV typing by a single assay. In this study, 6.8% (95% CI 6.2,7.5) (417/6,123) were confirmed as high-risk HPV positive. Infections with 13 different high-risk HPV types were detected, of which HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (2.1%; 128/6,123), followed by HPV 31 (1.1%; 67/6,123). Any one of the HPV types 18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, or 66 was detected in 3.6% (223/6,123) of the women. Infection with two, three, and five types simultaneously was identified in 32, 5, and 1 women, respectively. The combination of PCR-EIA as a screening test and reverse dot-blot hybridization as a confirmatory test, was found to be readily applicable to a real-life population-based cervical screening. The type-specific HPV prevalence found support in previous modeling studies suggesting that HPV screening may be a favorable cervical screening strategy. J. Med. Virol. 66:535,541, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparative study of HPV prevalence in Japanese and North-east Chinese oral carcinomaJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 7 2003Xiaofei Tang Abstract Background:, Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in the development of oral carcinoma. However, the reported prevalence of HPV in oral carcinoma has varied widely. Methods:, The prevalence of HPV 16, 18 and 33 was investigated in Japanese and North-east Chinese oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of p53 protein was examined immunohistochemically. Results:, HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 7 (23.3%) and 10 (33.3%) of 30 Japanese and 11 (36.7%) and 5 (16.7%) of 30 Chinese samples, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 coinfection was detected in 3/30 Japanese and 2/30 Chinese samples. HPV 33 was not detected. There was no significant correlation between HPV 16 and 18 and the sites, gender, age and histological grade. The prevalence of both HPV 16 and 18 was similar and higher in the Japanese and North-east Chinese samples (46.7% each). HPV 16 or/and 18 infection or/and p53 overexpression were in 22 (73.3%) of 30 Japanese samples and 24 (80.0%) of 30 North-east Chinese samples, respectively. Conclusions:, HPV 16/18 infection or/and p53 overexpression may play an important role in developing some OSCCs. and the presence of HPV sequences and mutant p53 are not necessarily mutually exclusive. [source] Current concepts on human papillomavirus infections in childrenAPMIS, Issue 6-7 2010STINA SYRJÄNEN Syrjänen S. Current concepts on human papillomavirus infections in children. APMIS 2010; 118: 494,509. Current evidence is strong enough to conclude that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted both sexually and non-sexually. The debate on HPV infections in children still continues but it is more focused on HPV prevalence than on transmission modes. HPV DNA detection in amniotic fluid, foetal membranes, cord blood and placental trophoblastic cells all suggest HPV infection in utero, i.e. prenatal transmission. Based on recent meta-analysis, vertical transmission occurs in approximately 20% of cases. Most of the mucosal HPV infections in infants are incident, persistent infections in oral and genital mucosa being found in less than 10% and 2% respectively. The mother seems to be the main transmitter of HPV to her newborn, but subsequent HPV infections are acquired horizontally via saliva or other contacts. Bimodal peak prevalence is seen for skin warts, oral papillomas and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in younger and older age groups, suggesting similar epidemiology. Of the clinical HPV diseases, juvenile-onset-RRP and genital condylomata are problematic; the former because of its life-threatening potential and the latter because of possible sexual abuse. HPV6 and 11 are the most common genotypes in both the lesions. Early in life, infections by the high-risk HPV genotypes may also remain persistent for a considerable period, and should be of considerable importance for HPV vaccination strategies. [source] Genital human papillomavirus screening by gene chip in Chinese women of Guangdong provinceAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Min LIN Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are associated with cervical cancer. There were only a few reports and detailed data about epidemiological research of HPV infection in general population of China. Aims: To determine the prevalence of genital HPV infection in Chinese women of Guangdong province. Methods:, A total of 1705 women were screened by gene chip. All HPV-positive women were further examined by ThinPrep liquid-based cytology test (TCT), and the cervical biopsies of those women with positive HPV-DNA and abnormal TCT were collected for pathological diagnosis. Results: The overall HPV prevalence was 9.03% (154 of 1705), and 72.3% (126 of 154) of total positive samples were high-risk types, with higher prevalence of types 52, 58, 16, 18 and CP8304. For women aged 51 years or older, the overall high-risk HPV prevalence was 12.2% (24 of 179), which was obviously higher than those of other age groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed that the HPV prevalence in Guangdong is very similar to the world level. Unlike most previous studies, our findings suggest that HPV prevalence increased with age, and that the predominant genotypes in this area were HPV 52 and 58. [source] | ||||||||||