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Group Women (group + woman)
Selected AbstractsFROM WOMEN'S WORK TO THE UMBILICAL LENS: MARY KELLY'S EARLY FILMSART HISTORY, Issue 1 2008SIONA WILSON This essay presents a historical and theoretical account of Mary Kelly's formative involvement in experimental filmmaking in Britain during the early- to mid-1970s. The argument develops by tracing the complex interconnections between Kelly's political engagement with Marxist-feminism and her theoretical involvement with psychoanalysis and film theory. After discussing Kelly's participation in the Berwick Street Film Collective's Night Cleaners (1975) and the London Women's Film Group's Women of the Rhondda (1973), I present a sustained close reading of the artist's first solo work, the film loop installation Antepartum (1974). I argue that Antepartum interpellates the spectator into a feminine subject position. This reading of the film draws upon recent post-Lacanian feminist scholarship in philosophical ethics that focuses on the intrauterine relation. Antepartum offers a politically informed aesthetic experiment that prefigures some of these insights. [source] Effect of Professional Postpartum Support on Infant Feeding Patterns Among Breastfeeding Participants in the WIC ProgramFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004Jo Carol Chezem The purpose of this study was to determine if professional breastfeeding support could postpone formula introduction and prolong breastfeeding among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Fifty women in the experimental group received home visits and phone calls from a lactation educator following hospital discharge; 50 control group women were encouraged to contact a lactation educator as needed. Infants' ages at formula introduction and breastfeeding continuation rates were not significantly different between the groups. Common reasons for breastfeeding cessation included returning to work/school, inadequate milk supply, and latch-on/suckling problems. Use of telephone contacts, delay of breastfeeding support until after hospital discharge, and early formula supplementation may have contributed to the ineffectiveness of the intervention. [source] The relationship of physical trauma and surgical stress to menstrual dysfunctionAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 1 2000William W K. To SUMMARY To evaluate the incidence and pattern of menstrual dysfunction in reproductive age group women suffering acute musculoskeletal trauma, 198 women between 15 and 50 years of age admitted consecutively into an acute orthopaedic unit were recruited over a 6-month period. The patients were then followed up for 6 months with menstrual diaries to compare their menstrual pattern with their preadmission status. Excluding those with significant menstrual problems before admission, the menstrual pattern remained normal in 135 (68%) (EM), while 12 (6%) developed polymenorrhoea (PM), and 51 (25%) had oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea (OAM) within the 6-month observation. The three groups did not differ in their mean age, body mass index, parity or age of menarche, but previous cycle lengths were shortest in the PM group (25.4 days, SD 7.64) (p<0.05) and history of amenorrhoea in the previous one year was most common in the OAM group (p<0.025). Univariate analysis showed the incidence of moderate to major trauma, operative treatment, longer operative time, general anaesthesia, blood transfusion and immobilisation were significantly higher in the PM and OAM groups compared to the unchanged group (p<0.05). A logistic regression model showed that general anaesthesia and longer surgical operations remained significantly related to the development of menstrual dysfunction. We conclude that the pattern of menstrual dysfunction after acute orthopaedic trauma appeared to be dictated by the woman's pre-existing menstrual characteristics and the stress of surgical treatment. [source] Making Choices for Childbirth: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Decision-aid for Informed Birth after Cesarean,BIRTH, Issue 4 2005Allison Shorten RN ABSTRACT:,Background:Decision-making about mode of birth after a cesarean delivery presents challenges to women and their caregivers and requires a balance of risks and benefits according to individual circumstances. The study objective was to determine whether a decision-aid for women who have experienced previous cesarean birth facilitates informed decision-making about birth options during a subsequent pregnancy. Method:A prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial of 227 pregnant women was conducted within 3 prenatal clinics and 3 private obstetric practices in New South Wales, Australia. Women with 1 previous cesarean section and medically eligible for trial of vaginal birth were recruited at 12 to 18 weeks' gestation; 115 were randomized to the intervention group and 112 to the control group. A decision-aid booklet describing risks and benefits of elective repeat cesarean section and trial of labor was given to intervention group women at 28 weeks' gestation. Main outcome measures included level of knowledge, decisional conflict score, women's preference for mode of birth, and recorded mode of birth. Results:Women who received the decision-aid demonstrated a significantly greater increase in mean knowledge scores than the control group (increasing by 2.17 vs 0.42 points on a 15-point scale)(p < 0.001, 95% CI for difference = 1.15,2.35). The intervention group demonstrated a reduction in decisional conflict score (p < 0.05). The decision-aid did not significantly affect the rate of uptake of trial of labor or elective repeat cesarean section. Preferences expressed at 36 weeks were not consistent with actual birth outcomes for many women. Conclusion:A decision-aid for women facing choices about birth after cesarean section is effective in improving knowledge and reducing decisional conflict. However, little evide nce suggested that this process led to an informed choice. Strategies are required to better equip organizations and practitioners to empower women so that they can translate informed preferences into practice. Further work needs to examine ways to enhance women's power in decision-making within the doctor-patient relationship. (BIRTH 32:4 December 2005) [source] Postpartum Positioning and Attachment Education for Increasing Breastfeeding: A Randomized TrialBIRTH, Issue 4 2001Ann Henderson RM, MEd Studies Background:Although lactation experts suggest that a correct positioning and attachment technique reduces breastfeeding problems and enhances long-term breastfeeding, evidence from randomized trials is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of postpartum positioning and attachment education on breastfeeding outcomes in first-time mothers.Method:A randomized trial was performed in a public hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, where 160 first-time mothers were randomly allocated to receive either structured one-to-one education (experimental group) or usual postpartum care (control group) within 24 hours of birth. The primary outcome was breastfeeding at 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months postpartum; other outcomes were nipple pain and trauma in hospital and at 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months, and satisfaction with breastfeeding.Results: No significantdifferences occurred in breastfeeding rates between the groups at each endpoint, although a trend in the direction of lower rates was seen at each endpoint in the experimental group. This group reported less nipple pain on days 2 (p= 0.004) and 3 (p= 0.04), but this was not sustained on follow-up. No differences were observed in nipple trauma in hospital or in self-reported nipple pain and/or trauma at the three endpoints. Experimental group women were less satisfied with breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months postpartum when using a one-item measure; however, a multiple-item measure showed no significant differences at the three endpoints. Conclusions: The intervention did not increase breastfeeding duration at any assessment time or demonstrate any differences between the groups on secondary outcomes. The trend toward lower breastfeeding rates in the experimental group suggests a need for a larger trial to evaluate whether or nor postpartum positioning and attachment education may negatively affect breastfeeding. [source] Immersion in Water in the First Stage of Labor: A Randomized Controlled TrialBIRTH, Issue 2 2001Kerena Eckert RN Background:Current forms of analgesia often have significant side effects for women in labor. Bathing in warm water during labor has been reported to increase a woman's comfort level and cause a reduction in painful contractions. The objective of this trial was to compare immersion in warm water during labor with traditional pain management for a range of clinical and psychological outcomes.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial of 274 pregnant women, who were free from medical and obstetric complications and expecting a singleton pregnancy at term, was conducted at the Women's and Children's Hospital, a maternity tertiary referral center in Adelaide, South Australia. Women in labor were randomized to an experimental group who received immersion in a bath or to a nonbath group who received routine care. Pharmacological pain relief was the primary outcome that was measured, and secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes, factors relating to maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity, psychological outcomes, and satisfaction with care.Results:The use of pharmacological analgesia was similar for both the experimental and control groups; 85 and 77 percent, respectively, used major analgesia. No statistical differences were observed in the proportion of women requiring induction and augmentation of labor or in rates of perineal trauma, length of labor, mode of delivery, or frequency of cardiotocographic trace abnormalities. Neonatal outcomes (birthweight, Apgar score, nursery care, meconium-stained liquor, cord pH estimations) revealed no statistically significant differences. Infants of bath group women required significantly more resuscitation than routine group women. Routine group women rated their overall experience of childbirth more positively than bath group women. Psychological outcomes, such as satisfaction with care or postnatal distress, were the same for both groups.Conclusion:Bathing in labor confers no clear benefits for the laboring woman but may contribute to adverse effects in the neonate. [source] Single Room Maternity Care and Client SatisfactionBIRTH, Issue 4 2000Patricia A Janssen MPH Background:Single room maternity care is the provision of intrapartum and postpartum care in a single room. It promotes a philosophy of family centered care in which one nurse cares for the family consistently throughout the intrapartum and postpartum periods. At B.C. Women's Hospital, a tertiary level obstetric teaching hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia, a seven-bed, single room maternity care unit was developed and opened as a demonstration project. As part of the evaluation of this unit, client satisfaction was compared between women enrolled in single room maternity care and those in a traditional setting.Method:The study group included 205 women who were admitted to the single room maternity care unit after meeting the low-risk criteria. Their responses on a satisfaction survey were compared with those of a historical comparison group of 221 women meeting the same eligibility criteria who were identified through chart audits 3 months before the single room maternity care unit was opened. A second, concurrent comparison group comprised 104 women who also met eligibility criteria.Results:Study group women were more satisfied than comparison groups in all areas evaluated, including provision of information and support, physical environment, nursing care, patient education, assistance with infant feeding, respect for privacy, and preparation for discharge.Conclusions:Single room maternity care was associated with a significant improvement in client satisfaction because of many factors, including the physical setting itself, avoidance of transfers, and improved continuity of nursing care. [source] | |||||||||||||