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Group Values (group + value)
Selected AbstractsManometric study in Kearns,Sayre syndromeDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 1 2001K. H. Katsanos Although swallowing difficulties have been described in patients with Kearns,Sayre syndrome (KSS), the spectrum of manometric characteristics of dysphagia is not yet well known. Moreover, it is conceivable that a combination of various degrees of swallowing difficulties with different patterns in manometric studies exist, each playing a major role in the prognosis, natural history, and quality of life of KSS patients. An 18-year-old girl diagnosed at the age of 5 years with KSS (muscle biopsy) was admitted to our department with an upper respiratory tract infection and dysphagia. Clinical examination revealed growth retardation, external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, impaired hearing, and ataxia. An electrocardiogram revealed cardiac conduction defects (long Q-T), and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormalities in the cerebellar hemispheres. A manometric and motility study for dysphagia was conducted and the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) resting pressures were similar to control group values, but the swallowing peak contraction pressure of the pharynx and the closing pressure of the UES were very low and could not promote effective peristaltic waves. Relaxation and coordination of the UES were not affected although pharyngeal and upper esophagus peristaltic waves proved to be very low and, consequently, were practically ineffective. The patient was started on treatment comprising a diet rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and oral administration of vitamin D and co-enzyme Q10 100 mg daily; she was discharged 6 days later with apparent clinical improvement. [source] Punishment as restoration of group and offender values following a transgression: value consensus through symbolic labelling and offender reformEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Tyler G. Okimoto Justice theory has suggested that transgressions pose a threat to the shared values that underlie broken rules or laws, suggesting that in order to address concerns over the values violated by an offence, perceived consensus regarding those values must be reaffirmed. However, little empirical research has been conducted examining how legal responses can address those value concerns. In the current research we argue that punishments, as a common response to injustice, can reaffirm perceived value consensus through two routes: (1) by symbolically labelling the offence as against group values, thus reinforcing values towards observers and (2) by attempting to reform the offender, thus reinforcing values towards the offender. Consistent with this argument, three empirical studies showed that the public and inclusive nature of punishment helps restore a perceived value consensus as such characteristics facilitate these two processes. Moreover, these characteristics had a positive effect on perceived punishment appropriateness particularly when value concerns were heightened. These findings implicate symbolic labelling and offender reform as two processes by which punishments can restore the perception of value consensus and suggest that these processes are integral to justice restoration through punishment when value consensus is a dominant concern. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Does European citizenship breed xenophobia?JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2002European identification as a predictor of intolerance towards immigrants Abstract The European Union is generally perceived as endorsing universalistic and multi-cultural values. However, social identity and self-categorization theories predict that, when certain conditions are met, a negative relation between ingroup identification and tolerance towards outgroup members should be observed. We argue that the creation of the status of ,Citizen of the Union' in Maastricht may contribute to meeting those conditions and therefore to increase intolerance towards resident foreigners. If that is the case, a paradoxical situation could emerge, in which people's levels of tolerance towards foreigners would contradict group values. We examined the relations between values associated with Europe, European and national identification, and tolerance towards foreigners through a survey study with a,non-representative,sample of undergraduate French-speaking Belgian students. Results show that Europe was generally associated with humanistic values. But they also reveal that strong European identifiers tended to express more xenophobic attitudes than weak European identifiers, whilst national identification was not related with such attitudes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparison of copper heptonate with copper oxide wire particles as copper supplements for sheep on pasture of high molybdenum contentAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 10 2002GJ JUDSON Objective To assess the effectiveness of intramuscular injection of copper heptonate (CuHep) and an oral dose of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) in preventing Cu inadequacy in adult and young sheep on pasture of high Mo content. Design Field experiments with flocks of mature Merino wethers and crossbred weaners. Procedure Adult wethers were given 25 or 37.5 mg Cu as CuHep, 2.5 g COWP or no Cu treatment. The weaners were given 12.5 or 25 mg Cu as CuHep, 1.25 g COWP or no Cu treatment. At intervals over the next 12 (adults) or 8 (weaners) months the sheep were weighed and samples of blood and liver were collected for trace element assay. Wool samples collected from the adults at the end of the experiment were assessed for physical characteristics. Results The higher dosage of CuHep raised liver Cu above control group values for at least 9 months in adults and 3 months in weaners. The lower dosage of CuHep was similarly effective for 3 months in adults but was without effect in weaners. In adults the response to COWP matched that to the higher dosage of CuHep; in weaners it was greater, lasting at least 5 months. No changes indicative of Cu deficiency, apart from a depressed body weight in adults, were seen. Conclusions In sheep on pasture of high Mo content a single intramuscular injection of CuHep providing 37.5 mg Cu to adults or 25 mg Cu to weaners will raise liver Cu reserves for at least 9 and 3 months respectively and may be an acceptable alternative to COWP for preventing seasonal Cu deficiency in sheep in southern Australia. [source] Chemoprevention of lung cancer by lycopeneBIOFACTORS, Issue 1-4 2000Dae Joong Kim Abstract An investigation was conducted to assess the chemopreventive potential of lycopene (LP), a naturally occurring hydrocarbon carotenoid found in tomatoes and their products, administered during the post-initiation stage in a multiorgan carcinogenesis model. One hundred eighteen B6C3F_1 mice of both sexes were subjected to combined treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) from day 11 after birth to week 9 (DMD treatment) (groups 1 and 2) or given their vehicles (group 3). Then group 1 received LP (25 or 50 ppm in drinking water) for 21 weeks from weeks 11 to 32. Group 2 served as a carcinogen alone control and group 3 was given only LP (25 or 50 ppm). The incidences and multiplicities of lung adenomas plus carcinomas combined in male mice in group 1 receiving LP 50 ppm were significantly decreased as compared to the DMD alone or DMD and LP 25 ppm group values (75.0 vs 18.8%, P < 0.02; 0.94 ± 0.17 vs 0.25 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). While hepatocellular carcinomas were lacking in the DMD and LP groups, two cases were found in the DMD alone group (not statistically significant). The values for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors in the colon and kidney did not show any significant variation among the carcinogen-treated subgroups. The results of this study provide evidence that the tomato carotenoid, lycopene, may have potential as a chemopreventive agent against carcinogenesis in the male lung. [source] The effects of thyroxine replacement on the levels of serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and other biochemical cardiovascular risk markers in patients with subclinical hypothyroidismCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Omer Ozcan Summary Background, The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still under debate. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), l -arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations and their relationship to nitric oxide (NO) production, measured as plasma nitrite-plus-nitrate (NOx) concentration, in patients with SH before and after thyroxine replacement therapy and compared with control group values. Design, Eighty-four women with SH and 33 healthy women as controls matched to the patient group for sex, age and body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this study. Lipoprotein profile, tHcy, hsCRP, sdLDL, ADMA, l -arginine and NOx were measured in pre- and post-treatment blood samples. Results, The pretreatment total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, hsCRP, ADMA and l -arginine levels were significantly higher and NOx levels were lower than in the control group. After treatment, hsCRP, ADMA and l -arginine levels were significantly reduced and sdLDL and NOx levels were significantly increased. Conclusion, The present study demonstrated an elevation of hsCRP and ADMA plasma levels of patients with SH associated with a reduction in NO production, which may contribute to some cardiovascular alterations. The elevated ADMA and hsCRP levels were reduced after thyroxine replacement. Also the sdLDL levels of SH patients were found to be lower than the control group values whereas TC and LDL were elevated. Even though we found an elevation in sdLDL levels after treatment, those values were still not higher than in the control group. [source] | |||||||||||||