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Group R3 (group + r3)
Kinds of Group R3 Selected AbstractsImproved treatment outcome in Chinese children and adolescents with Burkitt's lymphoma and large cell lymphoma by using the modified B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster-90 protocolEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Xiao-Fei Sun Abstract:,Objectives:,This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the modified B-Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM)-90-based protocol in Chinese children and adolescents with Burkitt's lymphoma and large cell lymphoma. Methods:,From September 1997 to August 2005, 55 untreated patients (age less than 20 yr) from a single institution were enrolled. The patients were stratified by risk factors (stage, LDH level and chemotherapy response). All patients were treated with a modified B-NHL-BFM 90 protocol. Results:,The median age of the patients was 8 yr (range 1.5,20 yr). Of these patients, 22 (40%) had Burkitt's lymphoma (BKL), 22 (40%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) and 11 (20%) had anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Complete remission (CR) occurred in 45 patients (83%), partial remission (PR) in eight patients (14.5%), and progressive disease (PD) in one patient (1.8%). At a median follow up of 24 months, the event free survival (EFS) for all patients was 85% ± 5% with 100% for group R1, 84% ± 7% for group R2 and 72% ± 13% for group R3, and most notably, 80% ± 6% for stage III/IV at diagnosis. There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.96) in EFS among BKL and DLBL and ALCL. The major toxicity complications were myelosuppression and mucositis, but these conditions were tolerated and manageable. Conclusions:,This modified NHL-BFM-90 protocol is very effective for Chinese children and adolescents with BKL and large cell lymphomas, and represented an increase in the cure rates in childhood NHL in China. [source] Retreatment with interferon and ribavirin vs interferon alone according to viraemia in interferon responder-relapser hepatitis C patients: a prospective multicentre randomized controlled studyJOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 3 2003I. Portal Summary., Low pretreatment viral load has consistently been shown to be an independent predictor of sustained response (SR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. We assessed the efficacy of interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin vs IFN alone in low viraemic patients (<2 millions copies/mL) who had relapsed to a previous course of IFN and the efficacy of 24 vs 48 week combination therapy in high viraemic patients. Two hundred and ninety-seven patients were randomly assigned to one of the four regimens after stratification on pretreatment viral load. All patients received IFN- ,2b (6 million units thrice weekly for 24 weeks and 3 million units thrice weekly for 24 weeks). Patients with low viraemia received either IFN- ,2b alone for 48 weeks (R1: 42 patients) or IFN- ,2b plus ribavirin (600 mg/day) for 24 weeks and IFN- ,2b alone for the next 24 weeks (R2: 48 patients). Patients with high viral load received either IFN- ,2b plus ribavirin for 24 weeks and then IFN- ,2b alone for the next 24 weeks (R3: 104 patients) or IFN- ,2b plus ribavirin for 48 weeks (R4: 103 patients). In low viraemic patients the rate of SR was 37.7% in group R1 and 59.6% in group R2 (P < 0.05). In high viraemic patients, the rate of SR was 44.7% in group R3 and 51.4% in group R4 (P: NS). Thirty-one patients discontinued treatment (10.4%) without difference regarding treatment regimen. In the regimen using ribavirin we found no difference in terms of SR between patients receiving a dose of ribavirin below 10.6 mg/kg/day (55%) or over 10.6 mg/kg/day (58%). Histological improvement occurred in 70.2% of patients regardless of the regimen. Logistic regression showed that genotype 2 and 3, Knodell score <6 and alanine aminotransferase pretreatment level >3 × upper limit of normal were significantly and independently correlated with SR. In low viraemic patients who relapsed to a previous IFN treatment, combination therapy using high-dose IFN and low-dose ribavirin is better than high-dose IFN alone. In high viraemic patients there was no benefit in increasing the duration of combination therapy from 24 to 48 weeks. In this study, it was found that low dose of ribavirin can be used safely and there is no effect of ribavirin dose on SR. [source] Redetermination of bis[,3 -1,3,5-triamino-1,3,5-trideoxy- cis -inositolato(3,)]tribismuth(III) trichloride hexahydrateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 1 2009Kaspar Hegetschweiler The crystal structure of the title compound, [Bi3(C6H12N3O3)2]Cl3·6H2O, which was described in the space group R3 [Hegetschweiler, Ghisletta & Gramlich (1993). Inorg. Chem.32, 2699,2704], has been redetermined in the revised space group R32 as suggested by Marsh [Acta Cryst. (2002), B58, 893,899]. Accordingly, the significant difference in the Bi,N bond distances of 2.43,(2) and 2.71,(1),Å, as noted in the previous study, proved to be an artifact. As a consequence, the [Bi3(H,3taci)2]Cl6/3 entity (taci is 1,3,5-triamino-1,3,5-trideoxy- cis -inositol) adopts D3 symmetry and the three Bi atoms lie on C2 axes with equal Bi,N bond distances of 2.636,(3),Å. [source] Structure of grouper iridovirus purine nucleoside phosphorylaseACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 2 2010You-Na Kang Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of purine ribonucleosides to the corresponding free bases and ribose 1-phosphate. The crystal structure of grouper iridovirus PNP (givPNP), corresponding to the first PNP gene to be found in a virus, was determined at 2.4,Å resolution. The crystals belonged to space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = 193.0, c = 105.6,Å, and contained four protomers per asymmetric unit. The overall structure of givPNP shows high similarity to mammalian PNPs, having an ,/, structure with a nine-stranded mixed ,-barrel flanked by a total of nine ,-helices. The predicted phosphate-binding and ribose-binding sites are occupied by a phosphate ion and a Tris molecule, respectively. The geometrical arrangement and hydrogen-bonding patterns of the phosphate-binding site are similar to those found in the human and bovine PNP structures. The enzymatic activity assay of givPNP on various substrates revealed that givPNP can only accept 6-oxopurine nucleosides as substrates, which is also suggested by its amino-acid composition and active-site architecture. All these results suggest that givPNP is a homologue of mammalian PNPs in terms of amino-acid sequence, molecular mass, substrate specificity and overall structure, as well as in the composition of the active site. [source] Structure of human TSG101 UEV domainACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 4 2006Pedro L. Mateo The UEV domain of the TSG101 protein functions in the vacuolar protein-sorting pathway and in the budding process of HIV-1 and other retroviruses by recognizing ubiquitin in proteins tagged for degradation and short sequences in viral proteins containing an essential and well conserved PTAP motif, respectively. A deep understanding of these interactions is key to the rational design of much-needed novel antivirals. Here, the crystal structure of the TSG101 UEV domain (TSG101-UEV) is presented. TSG101-UEV was crystallized in the presence of PEG 4000 and ammonium sulfate. Under these conditions, crystals were obtained in space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 97.9, c = 110.6,Å, , = , = 90, , = 120°. Phases were solved by molecular replacement and the crystal structure of TSG101-UEV was refined to an R factor of 18.8% at 2.2,Å resolution. A comparison between the crystal structure and previously reported NMR structures has revealed significant differences in the conformation of one of the loops implicated in ubiquitin recognition. Also, the resulting structure has provided information about the presence of water molecules at the binding interface that could be of relevance for peptide recognition. [source] Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of MOMP (major outer membrane protein) from Campylobacter jejuniACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 12-2 2004Jean Michel Bolla Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human enteritis linked to ingestion of contaminated food or water. MOMP, the major outer membrane protein from these Gram-negative bacteria, belongs to the porin family. In order to determine the three-dimensional structure of this protein and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, the MOMP from C. jejuni strain 85H has been purified and crystallized by vapour diffusion. Two crystal forms were characterized for this membrane protein. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 3.1,Å using a synchrotron-radiation source from the orthorhombic crystal form, which belonged to space group P21212 with unit-cell parameters a = 170.1, b = 101.9, c = 104.9,Å. With a trimer in the asymmetric unit, the solvent content is 64% (VM = 3.4,Å,Da,1). The other form exhibits trigonal symmetry (space group R3) with hexagonal unit-cell parameters a = b = 94.2, c = 161.2,Å, but diffracts X-rays poorly to about 4,Å with significant anisotropy. [source] Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of leucyl-tRNA synthetase from the archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshiiACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 10 2004Ryuya Fukunaga The leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) from the archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii was overexpressed in a C-terminally truncated form in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. The crystals belong to the rhombohedral space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 186.20, c = 91.43,Å, , = , = 90, , = 120°. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of LeuRS, with a corresponding crystal volume per protein weight of 3.2,Å3,Da,1 and a solvent content of 60.7%. A data set diffracting to 2.2,Å resolution was collected from a single crystal at 100,K. Selenomethionine-substituted protein crystals were prepared in order to solve the structure by the SAD phasing method. [source] Overproduction, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a novel human DNA-repair enzyme that recognizes oxidative DNA damageACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 6 2004Viswanath Bandaru DNA glycosylases repair oxidative DNA damage caused by free radicals. Recently, NEIL1, a human homolog of Escherichia coli DNA glycosylase endonuclease VIII, has been identified and shown to exhibit broad substrate specificity for a variety of types of pyrimidine-base damage. An active C-terminal deletion construct of NEIL1 was overexpressed in E. coli and crystallized. The unliganded NEIL1 crystallizes in space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 132.2, c = 51.1,Å. Complete data sets were collected from native, selenomethionyl and iodinated NEIL1 to 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4,Å, respectively. [source] Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of a thermostable pectate lyase from Thermotoga maritimaACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 4 2002Michael A. McDonough Pectate lyase is an enzyme involved in the degradation of the pectate portion of the primary plant cell wall. A recombinant pectate lyase from Thermotoga maritima where three of the four cysteine residues have been mutated (C132I, C156N, C194L) has been crystallized. Crystals of the same morphology and trigonal space group R3 with similar unit-cell parameters were obtained under two different conditions. The first, 0.3,M (NH4)H2PO4 pH 4.2, gave crystals with a maximum size of 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.2,mm in one week that diffracted to a resolution of 1.87,Å and had unit-cell parameters a = b = 80.6, c = 148.8,Å. The second, 0.1,M sodium acetate, 6%(w/v) PEG 4000 pH 6.5, gave the same size crystals in two weeks that diffracted to a resolution of 2.1,Å and had unit-cell parameters a = b = 80.0, c = 150.1,Å. [source] Cloning, overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of CheY3, a response regulator that directly interacts with the flagellar `switch complex' in Vibrio choleraeACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 8 2010Susmita Khamrui Vibrio cholerae is the aetiological agent of the severe diarrhoeal disease cholera. This highly motile organism uses the processes of motility and chemotaxis to travel and colonize the intestinal epithelium. Chemotaxis in V. cholerae is far more complex than that in Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium, with multiple paralogues of various chemotaxis genes. In contrast to the single copy of the chemotaxis response-regulator protein CheY in E. coli, V. cholerae contains four CheYs (CheY1,CheY4), of which CheY3 is primarily responsible for interacting with the flagellar motor protein FliM, which is one of the major constituents of the `switch complex' in the flagellar motor. This interaction is the key step that controls flagellar rotation in response to environmental stimuli. CheY3 has been cloned, overexpressed and purified by Ni,NTA affinity chromatography followed by gel filtration. Crystals of CheY3 were grown in space group R3, with a calculated Matthews coefficient of 2.33,Å3,Da,1 (47% solvent content) assuming the presence of one molecule per asymmetric unit. [source] Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of disease-related mutants of p97ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 11 2009Wai-Kwan Tang The human type II AAA+ protein p97 participates in various cellular activities, presumably through its involvement in the ubiquitin,proteasome degradation pathway. Mutations in p97 have been implicated in patients with inclusion-body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). In this work, three mutant p97 N-D1 fragments, R86A, R95G and R155H, were crystallized in the presence of ATP,S with PEG 3350 as a main precipitant, yielding two different crystal forms. The R155H mutant crystal belonged to space group R3, with unit-cell parameters in the hexagonal setting of a = b = 134.2, c = 182.9,Å, and was merohedrally twinned, with an estimated twin fraction of 0.34. The crystals of the R86A and R95G mutants belonged to space group P1, with similar unit-cell parameters of a = 90.89, b = 102.6, c = 107.2,Å, , = 97.5, , = 90.6, , = 91.5° and a = 92.76, b = 103.7, c = 107.7,Å, , = 97.7, , = 91.9, , = 89.7°, respectively. [source] Cloning, overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of yeast glutaredoxin Grx5ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2009Yi Wang Grx5 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a monothiol glutaredoxin that is involved in iron,sulfur cluster biogenesis. Here, yeast Grx5 was cloned and overproduced in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Diffraction data for Grx5 were collected to 1.67,Å resolution. The crystal of Grx5 belonged to space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 85.12, c = 48.95,Å, , = , = 90.00, , = 120.00°. [source] Overexpression, purification, characterization and preliminary crystallographic study of phosphoglycolate phosphatase from Shigella flexneri 2a strain 301ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2009Heli Liu Phosphoglycolate phosphatase has a salvage function in the metabolism of the 2-phosphoglycolate formed during bacterial DNA repair. In order to better understand its dimerization behaviour, the influence of metal ions on its activity and its catalytic mechanism at the molecular level, recombinant phosphoglycolate phosphatase from Shigella flexneri was overexpressed, purified, characterized and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 291,K using polyethylene glycol 3500 as a precipitant and zinc acetate as an additive. The crystals belonged to space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.1, b = 88.1, c = 259.2,Å, corresponding to the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit. SeMet-labelled protein was also prepared and crystallized for use in phase determination. Initial structure determination using the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method clearly revealed that SfPGPase bears an ,-helical cap domain that differs from that of a previously reported orthologue. [source] Improvement of the quality of lumazine synthase crystals by protein engineeringACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 7 2008Lidia Rodríguez-Fernández Icosahedral macromolecules have a wide spectrum of potential nanotechnological applications, the success of which relies on the level of accuracy at which the molecular structure is known. Lumazine synthase from Bacillus subtilis forms a 150,Å icosahedral capsid consisting of 60 subunits and crystallizes in space group P6322 or C2. However, the quality of these crystals is poor and structural information is only available at 2.4,Å resolution. As classical strategies for growing better diffracting crystals have so far failed, protein engineering has been employed in order to improve the overexpression and purification of the molecule as well as to obtain new crystal forms. Two cysteines were replaced to bypass misfolding problems and a charged surface residue was replaced to force different molecular packings. The mutant protein crystallizes in space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 313.02, c = 365.77,Å, , = , = 90.0, , = 120°, and diffracts to 1.6,Å resolution. [source] Crystallization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae aminopeptidase 1, the major cargo protein of the Cvt pathwayACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2007Wakana Adachi The vacuole hydrolase aminopeptidase 1 (Ape1) is a cargo protein transported to the vacuole by the cytosol-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway during conditions of growth and by autophagy during conditions of starvation. After transport to the vacuole, Ape1 is processed into mature Ape1 (mApe1). mApe1 has been expressed, purified and crystallized in two crystal forms. Form I belongs to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 120.6, b = 219.5, c = 133.1,Å, , = 116.5°. Form II belongs to space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = 141.2, c = 349.4,Å. Diffraction data were collected from these crystals to a resolution of 2.5,Å for form I and 1.83,Å for form II. Self-rotation functions and the volume-to-weight ratio values suggest that forms I and II contain 12 and four mApe1 molecules per asymmetric unit, respectively, and that mApe1 exists as a tetrahedral dodecamer in both crystal forms. [source] Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of the protein module (BIV2-Helix) in the fusion core of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) gp40ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2005Xiaodong Zhao The fusion core of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) gp40 is proposed to be involved in membrane fusion. However, no crystal structures are yet available. A predicted protein module BIV2-Helix of BIVgp40 has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by chromatography. Recombinant BIV2-Helix was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique at 291,K. The crystals were grown in MPD and belonged to the primitive rhombohedral space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = 39.17, b = 39.17, c = 295.05,Å and two molecules per asymmetric unit. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.76,Å in the home laboratory from a single crystal. [source] | |||||||||||||