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Group IA (group + ia)
Selected AbstractsMechanisms of Transition Between Double Paroxysmal Supraventricular TachycardiasJOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 12 2001JEN-YUAN KUO M.D. Double Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias. Introduction: Coexistence of double tachycardias in one patient has been infrequently reported. Furthermore, the mechanisms of transition between double paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias have not been well studied. Methods and Results: Thirty-five patients with two paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias were studied. Group IA consisted of 3 patients with spontaneous transition between AV reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) and AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Group IB consisted of 13 patients without spontaneous transition between AVRT and AVNRT. Group IIA consisted of 5 patients with spontaneous transition between AVNRT and atrial tachycardia (AT). Group IIB consisted of 14 patients without spontaneous transition between AVNRT and AT. The absolute values of differences between the two tachycardia cycle lengths were significantly smaller in patients with than in those without transition between the two tachycardias (25 ± 8 msec vs 90 ± 46 msec, P < 0.05, IA vs IB; 21 ± 25 msec vs 99 ± 57 msec, P < 0.01, IIA vs IIB). The cutoff point of 25 msec had 80% positive predictive value for transition between the two tachycardias. Transition between two tachycardias occurred due to a spontaneous premature atrial complex (30%), conduction block at one limb of tachycardia (20%), or tachycardiainduced tachycardia (50%). Absence of transition between two tachycardias might be explained by the absence of a spontaneous premature atrial complex, longer cycle length of the first tachycardia, larger difference between two tachycardia cycle lengths, or induction of each tachycardia under different situations. Conclusion: Double supraventricular tachycardias with similar tachycardia cycle lengths are vulnerable to transition between different tachycardias. [source] Metal-stabilized rare tautomers: N4 metalated cytosine (M = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+), theoretical viewsAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2003Majid Monajjemi Abstract Ab initio calculations indicate that metalation of the exocyclic amino group of cytosine by the elements of Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) induces protonation of a nucleobase ring nitrogen atom, and hence causes a proton shift from an exocyclic to an endocyclic nitrogen atom. Thus, this metal-assisted process leads to the generation of rare nucleobase tautomers. The calculations suggest that this kind of metalation increases the protonation energies of the aromatic ring of the nucleobase. The present study reports the quantum chemistry analysis of the metal-assisted tautomerization. The calculations clearly demonstrate that metalation of the exocyclic amino group of the nucleobase significantly increases the protonation energy of the aromatic rings of the nucleobase. Also, absolute anisotropy shift, molecular orbital and natural bond orbital calculations are compatible with these results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cognitive function at 10 years of age in children who have required neonatal intensive careACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2004L Schermann Aim: To study cognitive function at 10 y of age in a cohort of children who required neonatal intensive care within the Uppsala Neonatal Follow-up Study. Methods: 226 children, who were born in 1986,1989 and had required neonatal intensive care (NIC) and 72 full-term, healthy control children were enrolled in the study. NIC children were grouped according to gestational age (group I, 23,31 wk; subgroup IA, 23,27 wk; IB 28,31 wk; group II, 32,36 wk; group III, >36wk), with infants with congenital malformation (IWCM) included and excluded from the main groups. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) was administered and results were analysed in relation to the K-ABC global scales: sequential, simultaneous, mental processing composite and achievement. Results: The great majority of children had well-developed cognitive function, reaching scores at an average level or above. When groups were compared, full-term children that required NIC (group III) showed lower scores than controls on all scales measured by the K-ABC. Preterm children from all the studied groups (groups IA, IB, II) showed poorer performance than controls in the simultaneous processing scale, and group IA scored lower than controls in the achievement scale. The incidence of major cognitive impairment (IQ <70) was low in NIC children (<5%), but children from group IA showed significant higher frequency of impairment in the simultaneous, mental processing composite and achievement scales. Children from group IA presented a high frequency of discrepancy between the K-ABC scales, with lower simultaneous and higher sequential scores. Analysis with IWCM excluded from the main groups revealed identical results. Conclusion: Most children who needed neonatal intensive care had developed well their cognitive function at 10 y of age. The long-term effect of neonatal intensive care on cognitive function was more evident in extremely preterm infants (group IA), especially in tasks involving simultaneous ways of processing information. [source] Decrease in phenotypic regulatory T cells in subsets of patients with common variable immunodeficiencyCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2009J. Horn Summary Common variable immunodeficiencies (CVID) are a heterogeneous group of antibody deficiency disorders complicated by autoimmune, lymphoproliferative and/or granulomatous manifestations, suggesting variations in immunoregulation. We sought to quantify regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg cells) in the blood of CVID patients and to correlate the frequency with clinical manifestations and classification subgroups. Blood samples from 99 CVID patients in Freiburg, London and Sydney, who had been phenotyped clinically and stratified according to their memory B cell phenotype (Freiburg and Paris classification schemes), were analysed for the proportion of Treg cells, defined either as CD25+/forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+, CD25+/CD127low/FoxP3+ or CD25+/CD127low CD4+ T cells, and results compared with 49 healthy controls. Irrespective of the phenotype used to define them, there was a significant decrease in the Treg cell proportion in patients with granulomatous disease and immune cytopenias. This allowed the definition of a subgroup of CVID patients with abnormally low Treg cells, which had a higher rate of these two manifestations as well as autoimmune disease in general. There was also a significant reduction in the proportion of Treg cells in the Freiburg group Ia compared with other CVID patients and controls, but there were no differences between the Paris groups. The reduction in Treg cells in subsets of CVID patients may be relevant to their clinical manifestations, and may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of CVID complications. [source] | ||||||||||