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Selected AbstractsUnderlying cognitions in the selection of lottery ticketsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Karen K. Hardoon There is evidence that the faulty cognitions underlying an individual's playing behavior maintains and supports their gambling behavior. Sixty undergraduate students completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a measure to assess pathological gambling, and a questionnaire ascertaining the type and frequency of their gambling activities. Sixteen Loto 6/49 tickets were presented to participants and ranked according to their perceived likelihood of being the winning ticket. The numbers on the tickets were categorized as: long sequences (e.g., 1,2,3,4,5,6), patterns and series in a pseudo-psychological order (e.g., 16,21,26,31,36,41), unbalanced (e.g., six numbers from 1,24 or 25,49), and those appearing to be random (e.g., 11,14,20,29,37,43). Verbal protocols of ticket selections were ranked into eight heuristics. Results revealed that for the entire sample the greatest percentage of tickets chosen for the first four selections were "random" tickets. Further, the most commonly cited reason for selecting and changing a lottery ticket was perceived randomness. The results are discussed with reference to the cognitions used when purchasing lottery tickets. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 749,763, 2001. [source] The Relationship Between Vaccine Dose and Efficacy in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Vaccinated as Fry with a Live Attenuated Strain of Edwardsiella ictaluri (RE-33),JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 2 2001David J. Wise Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were vaccinated at 12 d of age (post-hatch) by a 2-min bath immersion with attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri RE-33 at doses of 2.5 × 105, 2.5 × 106, and 2.4 × 107 colony-forming units CFU/mL of water. Following vaccination, RE-33 was recovered from a greater percentage of fry that were vaccinated at the high and intermediate doses compared to fry vaccinated at the lowest dose. Independent of dose, the greatest percentage of RE-33 positive fry occurred between 1 and 6 d post-vaccination with a significant decrease in positive fry observed on day 12. A significant increase in mortality occurred 6 to 12 d post-vaccination in fry vaccinated at the highest dose. No differences in post-vaccination mortalities occurred between the other treatments. Following virulent E. ictaluri challenge, mortalities of fish vaccinated at doses of 2.5 × 106 and 2.4 × 107 CFU/mL were significantly less than those of fish vaccinated at 2.5 × 105 CFU/mL and sham-vaccinated control fish. These data show that vaccination with RE-33 can offer protection against subsequent virulent E. ictaluri infection. [source] Seasonal variation in the feeding ecology of the grey-cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena) in CameroonAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2001John R. Poulsen Abstract Seasonal fluctuations in resource abundance often cause primates to change their feeding behavior and ecology. The objective of this study was to examine the response of a largely frugivorous monkey, the grey-cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena), to seasonal variations in fruit abundance. We used 15-min scan sampling to quantify feeding, activity, and habitat use by monkeys between February and December 1998 in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. L. albigena were found to have omnivorous feeding habits, consuming the fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers of 132 plant species. Although monkeys fed from many plant species, only five plant species accounted for 45% of all feeding records. The number of feeding observations on a plant species was significantly correlated with its fruit production. L. albigena responded to fruit-lean periods by shifting from a diet dominated by fruit to one dominated by seeds, flowers, and young leaves. This diet shift coincided with greater use of swamp habitat and higher dietary diversity. L. albigena spent the greatest percentage of scan samples feeding and traveling, but activities varied significantly over the day. Individuals spent a significantly higher percentage of scan samples feeding during the fruit-rich season than in the fruit-lean season. Comparing our results to those of studies in Gabon and Uganda, we found that L. albigena differ across regions in the number of plant species they consume and time spent feeding. These differences may be a result of variations in tree diversity or the strength of seasonal fluctuations in resource abundance among sites. Am. J. Primatol. 54:91,105, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Ecological studies on Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria and Fimbristylis miliacea: three troublesome annual sedge weeds of riceANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009B.S. Chauhan Abstract Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria and Fimbristylis miliacea are troublesome annual sedges of rice grown in many countries. Laboratory and screenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, salt and water stress, seed burial depth, and flooding time, duration and depth on germination, emergence and growth of these three species. Germination of all the three species was stimulated by light and warm fluctuating temperatures. Germination of C. difformis was influenced to a greater degree by increasing salt and water stress than C. iria and F. miliacea. In all three species, seeds sown on the soil surface gave the greatest percentage of seedling emergence, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried in soil at depths of ,1 cm. Flooding, although not continuous or deep, had a suppressive effect on emergence and growth of C. iria and F. miliacea. Intermittent flooding to shallow depths, however, was less effective in controlling C. difformis; deep flooding was needed to suppress growth of C. difformis seedlings. When the flooding was delayed to 21 days after sowing, there was little growth reduction in all three species. [source] Coping strategies used by hypersexual patients to defend against the painful effects of shameCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 2 2009Rory C. Reid This article reports the findings of a study investigating coping strategies used by hypersexual patients (n = 71), compared with a control group (n = 73), in their attempts to defend against shame. Coping strategies were measured using the Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS) and hypersexual behaviour was measured by the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI). A multivariate analysis of variance of between-group differences was significant, and examination of post hoc univariate tests revealed that the sample of hypersexual patients defended against shame with higher levels of withdrawal and higher tendencies to attack self and others when compared with the control group. The effect sizes of these differences were moderate to large. A categorical analysis of the patient group indicated that the greatest percentages of elevated shame scores were clustered on the Withdrawal and Attack Self subscales of the CoSS. Between-group differences on the Avoidance subscale of the CoSS were not significant. The results of this study are discussed as they pertain to clinical practice, and future recommendations for research are offered.,Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||