Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Greater Length (greater + length)
Selected AbstractsThe influence of pool length on local turbulence production and energy slope: a flume experimentEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 11 2004Douglas M. Thompson Abstract The in,uence of pool length on the strength of turbulence generated by vortex shedding was investigated in a 6 m long recirculating ,ume. The experiment utilized a 38% constriction of ,ow and an average channel-bed slope of 0·007. The base geometry for the intermediate-length pool experiment originated from a highly simpli,ed, 0·10 scale model of a forced pool from North Saint Vrain Creek, Colorado. Discharge in the ,ume was 31·6 l/s, which corresponds to a discharge in the prototype channel of 10 m3/s. Three shorter and four longer pool lengths also were created with a ,xed bed to determine changes in turbulence intensities and energy slope with pool elongation. Three-dimensional velocities were measured with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter at 31,40 different 0·6-depth and near-bed locations downstream of the rectangular constriction. The average velocity and root mean square (RMS) of the absolute magnitude of velocity at both depths are signi,cantly related to the distance from the constriction in most pool locations downstream of the constriction. In many locations, pool elongation results in a non-linear change in turbulence intensities and average velocity. Based on the overall ,ow pattern, the strongest turbulence occurs in the center of the pool along the shear zone between the jet and recirculating eddy. The lateral location of this shear zone is sensitive to changes in pool length. Energy slope also was sensitive to pool length due to a combination of greater length of the pool and greater head loss with shorter pools. The results indicate some form of hydraulic optimization is possible with pools adjusting their length to adjust the location and strength of turbulent intensities in the center of pools, and lower their rate of energy dissipation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Three phosphor plate systems and film compared for imaging root canalsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001A. C. Shearer Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to compare three phosphor plate intraoral imaging systems (Digora (DA), Digident (DT), Denoptix (DX)) and E-speed conventional film (CF) for the imaging of root canals. Methodology Sixty extracted permanent teeth were exposed using CF, DA, DT and DX. The length of root canal visible from its most apical extent to a line drawn at the level of the cementoenamel junction was measured and this was expressed as a percentage of the distance between the radiographic apex and the cementoenamel line. All images were examined concurrently by two examiners. Films were viewed under standardized conditions and DA, DT and DX images were viewed directly from the monitor screen. The images on the monitor were enhanced to give the subjectively clearest image. Results The mean percentage of canal visible on CF was 90%, DA 78%, DT 81% and DX 83%. The difference was significant for CF,DA (P < 0.001) and CF,DT (P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference for CF,DX or between any of the three phosphor plate imaging systems. Conclusions It is concluded that a greater length of root canal was visible on conventional film than on three phosphor plate imaging systems and that this may be of clinical significance. [source] Neue internationale Finanzarchitektur: Defizite und HandlungsoptionenPERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 3 2000Michael Frenkel The recent debate about a new international financial architecture, i.e. a reform of the international financial system, is strongly influenced by current events. In contrast to this the paper puts the problem into the framework of Ordnungspolitik. Beginning with the development of the recent discussion and shortcomings in the international financial system, we discuss fundamental reform proposals in brief and reform steps already realized at greater length. [source] Accuracy of prediction of walking for young stroke patients by use of the FIMPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2001Heather Thornton Senior Lecturer Abstract Background and Purpose Clinical prediction of walking outcome after a stroke is essential for effective discharge planning. However, its accuracy has hardly been explored. This study took place in a regional unit admitting patients with complex neurological disabilities for specialist inpatient rehabilitation. The aim was to compare predicted outcome (goal score) with achieved outcome (discharge score) on the seven-point locomotion subscale of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), to evaluate its precision and identify factors influencing accuracy. Method Admission, goal and discharge scores were analysed retrospectively for 141 subjects (90 M; 51 F) admitted consecutively to the Unit with median age 54 years (range 15,68 years) with median length of stay 13.6 weeks (range 3,35 weeks). Results Ninety subjects (64%) gained from two to six points; 50 subjects (35%) gained one point or showed no change. One patient deteriorated by two points. Excluding patients admitted with the highest score (FIM level 7), the overall level of agreement between predicted and discharge scores was moderate (weighted kappa 0.47). Prediction was accurate to ±1 point in 113 subjects (80%). Overprediction by ,2 points occurred in 16 subjects (11%) and underprediction by ,2 points in 12 subjects (9%). Analysis of the most-disabled cohort, admitted with FIM levels 1 or 2 scores, revealed a higher sensitivity for predicting ,independence' (FIM levels 5,7) (78%) than ,dependence' (FIM levels 1,4) (65%). Accuracy was not affected by age, gender or side of stroke. Inaccurate predictions were associated with lower admission FIM level scores (p=,0.26;p=0.002) and a greater length of stay (p=0.36;p<0.001). Subjects with quad-riplegia were more likely to have inaccurate outcome predictions made than those with hemiplegia (p=0.025) and those with neglect were more likely to have inaccurate outcome predictions made than those without neglect (p=0.017). Conclusion Further investigation into clinical prediction and the variables which confound accuracy is needed for effective planning. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Length,length and length,weight relationships for 48 fish species from reservoirs of the Paraná State, BrazilLAKES & RESERVOIRS: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2009Éder A. Gubiani Abstract Length,length and length,weight relationships was estimated for 48 fish species collected in 30 neotropical reservoirs located in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Significant relations were found for all species. The values of the parameter slope (b) in the length,weight relationship ranged from 2.49 to 3.46 for grouped sexes, and from 2.66 to 3.15 for separated sexes. Differences between sexes (indication of sexual dimorphism) were verified for 20 species. Males exhibited greater lengths than females for Astyanax janeiroensis, Bryconamericus iheringii, Geophagus brasiliensis, Glanidium ribeiroi and Hypostomus derbyi, whereas females attained greater lengths than males for the other 15 species examined in this study. [source] Current United Kingdom sedation practice in pediatric intensive carePEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 7 2007IAN A. JENKINS FRCPE FRCA Summary Background:, The aim of this study was to investigate the current practice of sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade in critically ill children on pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the UK and identify areas that merit further study. Methods:, Data were gathered in a prospective observational study of 338 critically ill children in 20 UK PICUs. Results:, There is considerable variation in clinical practice. A total of 24 different sedative and analgesic agents were used during the study. The most commonly used sedative and analgesic agents were midazolam and morphine. Four different neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) were used, most commonly vecuronium. There were differences in treatment between cardiac and noncardiac children, but there were a greater number of infants and neonates in the cardiac group. NMBs were used in 30% of mechanically ventilated patients. Withdrawal symptoms were reported in 13% of ventilated patients, relatively early in their stay; weaning sedative agents (,tapering') was apparently of no benefit. The use of clonidine in this setting was noted. Physical restraints were used in 7.4%. Propofol was used but in only 2.6% of patients, all over the age of 4 years, and not exceeding 2 mg·kg,1·h,1. No side effects attributable to ,propofol syndrome' were noted. Conclusions:, There is considerable heterogeneity of sedation techniques. NMBs are used in a large portion of this population. Withdrawal symptoms were associated with higher doses of sedation and greater lengths of stay and were not ameliorated by withdrawing sedation gradually (,tapering'). [source] | |||||||||||||