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Great Similarity (great + similarity)
Selected AbstractsVibrational properties of GaP and GaP1,xNx under hydrostatic pressures up to 30 GPaPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 1 2007M. P. Jackson Abstract We report on Raman scattering of the vibrational modes of GaP and the dilute nitride ternary GaP0.979N0.021 under hydrostatic pressures of up to 30 GPa. We measured the pressure induced shift of the TO and LO modes of GaP up to the phase transition (I,II) and determined mode Grüneisen parameters of 1.12 and 0.98. The phase transition was observed near to 24.5 GPa. We have also studied the dependence of the vibrational spectrum of the GaP0.979N0.021 up to 20 GPa. The zincblende optical phonons of the ternary alloy show great similarities to those of binary GaP, with no significant changes to the Grüneisen parameters or the phase transition. The pressure-induced shift of local nitrogen mode frequency in GaP0.979N0.021 was studied up to 10 GPa and found to be considerably larger than that of the phonon modes in GaN, indicating that the local mode does not show a GaN-like behaviour under pressure. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Purification and cDNA Cloning of Lysozyme II from Cabbage Butterfly, Artogeia rapae LarvaeENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2005BANG In Seok ABSTRACT Last instar larvae of cabbage butterfly Artogeia rapae respond to injection of bacteria with a set of inducible antibacterial peptides/proteins. The inducible peptides/proteins are related to the known hinnavins (I and II) and lysozymes (I and II). The lysozyme II has been isolated by heat treatment, cation exchange, and reversed-phase chromatography from immunized hemolymph of last instar larvae. The lysozyme II gene of A. rapae was isolated and its nucleotide sequence was determined by the RACE-PCR from immunized fat body with E. coli. It has an open reading frame of 414 bp nucleotide corresponding to 138 amino acids including an 18 amino acid signal sequence. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of Artogeia lysozyme II without a signal peptide were 13,649.38 Da and 9.11, respectively. It is great similarity with Manduca lysozyme among other lepidopteran. [source] The first complete skeleton of Megaloceros verticornis (Dawkins, 1868) Cervidae, Mammalia, from Bilshausen (Lower Saxony, Germany): description and phylogenetic implicationsFOSSIL RECORD-MITTEILUNGEN AUS DEM MUSEUM FUER NATURKUNDE, Issue 1 2002Thekla Pfeiffer Abstract The first well preserved, articulated skeleton of a young male deer of Megaloceros verticornis (Dawkins, 1868) was excavated from early Middle Pleistocene sediments of the clay pit of Bilshausen (Unter-Eichsfeld, Lower Saxony). This find made it possible, for the first time, to establish, using cladistic techniques, the systematic position of Megaloceros verticornis among Pleistocene and Holocene plesiometacarpal and telemetacarpal cervids. By contrast to the antler and tooth characters, the postcranial characters, in particular, are suitable for phylogeny reconstruction. Megaloceros verticornis from Bilshausen shows great similarity with M. giganteus of the Upper Pleistocene of Europe in its skeletal morphology, and bootstrap values (BP = 100) show strong support for the monophyly of M. giganteus and M. verticornis. The analysis yields no evidence, however, of a close relationship between Dama and Megaloceros, which has been widely discussed in the literature because of the presence of large, palmated antlers in both genera. Aus der Tongrube von Bilshausen (Unter-Eichsfeld, Niedersachsen) konnte das erste, vollständige Skelett eines jugen Hirsches von Megaloceros verticornis (Dawkins, 1868) aus mittelpleistozänen Sedimentablagerungen geborgen werden. Dieser Fund ermöglichte es erstmalig, die systematische Stellung von Megaloceros verticornis im System plesiometacarpaler und telemetacarpaler Hirsche des Pleistozäns und Holozäns auf breiter Basis zu untersuchen. Im Gegensatz zu den Geweih- und Zahnmerkmalen eignen sich die postcranialen Merkmale des Skelettes besonders gut für eine phylogenetische Rekonstruktion der Hirsche. Die Gemeinsamkeit Großer Schaufelgeweihe bei Dama dama und dem Riesenhirsch Megaloceros giganteus hat dazu geführt, beide in eine enge phylogenetische Beziehung zu setzen, was in der Literatur zu einer anhaltenden Kontroverse geführt hat. Die Analyse der Morphologie der postcranialen Elemente zeigt jedoch, dass es keine enge Verwandtschaft zwischen Dama und Megaloceros gibt. [source] Novel fluorescent (p -phenylene ethynylene)-calix[4]arene-based polymer: Design, synthesis, and propertiesJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 19 2008Alexandra I. Costa Abstract A novel fluorescent (p -phenylene ethynylene)-calix[4]arene-based polymer (CALIX-PPE) has been successfully synthesized by cross-coupling polymerization of bis-calix[4]arene 1 with 1,4-diethynylbenzene. The polycondensation was carried out in toluene/NEt3 at 35 °C for 24 h, using PdCl2(PPh3)2/CuI as the catalytic system, furnishing CALIX-PPE in excellent isolated yields (higher than 95%, several runs). The yellow polymer is freely soluble in several nonprotic organic solvents. The GPC trace of the isolated polymer showed a monomodal distribution and a number-average molecular weight of 23,300 g mol,1 (Mw/Mn = 2.05). No evidence was found in the structural analysis (FTIR and 1H/13C NMR) regarding the formation of alkyne homocoupled segments along the polymer chain. For comparative purposes, the synthesis of an analogous poly(p -phenylene ethynylene) containing p - t -butyl-phenoxymethyl side chains (TBP-PPE) was also undertaken. A great similarity was found between the photophysical properties of CALIX-PPE and TBP-PPE in solution (UV,vis and laser induced luminescence), clearly demonstrating their unique dependence on the structure and conformation of the conjugated PPE backbone. The fluorescence spectra of polymers are of nearly identical shape, displaying their maximum emission around 420 nm. The calculated solution photoluminescence quantum yields of CALIX-PPE and TBP-PPE are of similar magnitude (,F(CALIX-PPE) = 0.43; ,F(TBP-PPE) = 0.51). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6477,6488, 2008 [source] CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR VISUALLY PRESENTED MEALSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 2 2009HANS HENRIK REISFELT ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate consumers' preferences for variations of a visually presented meal. The study was conducted in three middle-sized Danish towns, including 768 respondents who were presented with a computerized questionnaire that initially displayed four consecutive series of photos. The series each consisted of eight unique photos of randomized food dishes arranged around the center square in a 3 × 3 array. Five meal components, each with two levels, were investigated. One level of each component was used for each photo, in total 25 = 32 combinations. The respondents were asked to select the meal they preferred the most, the second most and the least, respectively. Significant interactions were found between meal components and background variables such as, gender, age, geographic variables, purchase store and level of education. The current procedure can be applied to help solve a number of problems involving consumer choices. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study outlines an approach to use visual images for investigations of food. Our results suggest that rather complex food stimuli of great similarity can be used to subdivide consumers based on sociodemographic background variables. We present an efficient and cheap quick method that provides and captures more information than an ordinary survey that focuses merely on the most preferred option. As a prerequisite for success, stimuli should be well known and appropriately selected. Hence, the present quick method can easily be applied for several practical purposes, such as pretesting, labeling, product flop prevention, and for specific optimization and selection tasks, e.g., convenience meals and institutional meal services in various contexts. The conjoint layout used allows for late-based segmentation. It further allows for estimation on aggregate as well as individual level. The current approach is useful for database and/or online implementation. [source] First discovery of fossil dung beetle brood balls and nests in the Chadian Pliocene Australopithecine levelsLETHAIA, Issue 4 2000Philippe Duringer The Pliocene continental formations of the paleo-lake Chad system are known because of the recent discovery of the first australopithecine known west of the Rift Valley. The structures under study are found in sandstone levels associated with a rich fauna, including mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes. Analysis of the depositional environment and fauna indicates a mosaic landscape of gallery forest, savannah, grassland and ephemeral rivers interrupted by lacustrine episodes. This sandstone facies contains bioturbation in the form of sandstone balls 4,12 cm in diameter, slightly flattened at the poles. These structures are characterized by an external husk or crust and by a decimetric cavity in the upper part of the ball. Between the husk and the cavity are a number of concave laminae similar to those of a bulb, whose concavity is directed toward the upper cavity. The comparison between these structures and the brood balls of modern Scarabaeidae shows great similarity, especially in the external husk, the concave internal laminae and the chamber of the grub in the upper part of the structures. This bioturbation is interpreted as fossil brood balls of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Fossil dung beetle brood balls are generally rare, but have been known since the 1940s. They can be very abundant in any series, as described by several authors in South America. The first fossil dung balls were described in this area in 1938 by Frenguelli and by Roselli. These authors describe elementary spherical forms of 35 mm in diameter on average, flattened at the poles and with an upper cavity. The fossil dung beetle brood balls discovered in Chad are the first in which all the internal characteristic structures are preserved. Many of them are connected by a remarkably large net of tunnels which has no parallel in the past or the present. [source] Photometric observations of the Type Ia SN 2002er in UGC 10743MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2004G. Pignata ABSTRACT Extensive light and colour curves for the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2002er are presented as part of the European Supernova Collaboration. We have collected UBVRI photometry from 11 different telescopes covering the phases from 7 d before until 619 d after maximum light. Corrections for the different instrumental systems and the non-thermal spectrum of the supernova (S -corrections) have been applied. With the densely sampled light curves we can make detailed comparisons to other well-observed objects. SN 2002er most closely resembles SN 1996X after maximum, but clearly shows a different colour evolution before peak light and a stronger shoulder in V and R bands compared to other well-observed SNe Ia. In particular, the rise time appears to be longer than what is expected from the rise time versus decline rate relation. We use several methods to determine the reddening towards SN 2002er based on the colour evolution at near peak and at late phases. The uvoir (bolometric) light curve shows great similarity with SN 1996X, but also indications of a higher luminosity, longer rise time and a more pronounced shoulder 25 d past maximum. The interpretation of the light curves was carried out with two independent light curve codes. Both find that given the luminosity of SN 2002er the 56Ni mass exceeds 0.6 M, with preferred values near 0.7 M,. Uncertainties in the exact distance to SN 2002er are the most serious limitation of this measurement. The light-curve modelling also indicates a high level of mixing of the nickel in the explosion of SN 2002er. [source] Mobile technology in the village: ICTs, culture, and social logistics in IndiaTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 3 2008Sirpa Tenhunen Mobile technology is currently emerging as the first extensive form of electronic communication system in many regions of Africa and Asia. This article analyses the appropriation of mobile phones in rural India by exploring what new social alternatives mobile phones enable and how these new social constellations relate to culture and cultural change. The ethnographic description relates phone usage to other communication patterns and ongoing processes of transformation. The article shows how the appropriation of phones draws from the local cultural and social context, but also that phones facilitate new patterns that show great similarity with social processes in other places where phones have been introduced as the first form of communication technology, such as the increased multiplicity of social contacts and the greater efficiency of market relationships. I argue that mobile technology amplifies ongoing processes of cultural change but does so selectively, so that it brings about the homogenization of ,social logistics'. Résumé Dans de nombreuses régions d'Asie et d'Afrique, la technologie mobile apparaît aujourd'hui comme la première forme étendue de communications électroniques. L'auteur analyse ici l'appropriation de la téléphonie mobile en Inde, en explorant les nouvelles alternatives sociales que le téléphone portable rend possibles et les liens entre ces nouvelles constellations sociales, d'une part, et d'autre part la culture et le changement culturel. La description ethnographique fait le lien entre l'utilisation du téléphone et les autres modes de communication et avec les processus actuels de transformation. L'article montre comment l'appropriation du téléphone s'inscrit dans le contexte culturel et social local, tout en mettant en lumière la similarité entre la façon dont le téléphone facilite de nouveaux schémas de communication et les processus sociaux qui se déploient dans d'autres lieux où la téléphonie a été introduite comme première forme de technologie de communication : multiplication des contacts sociaux, efficacité accrue des relations de marché. L'auteur affirme que la technologie mobile amplifie les processus actuels de changement culturel, mais quelle le fait de manière sélective, en induisant ainsi une homogénéisation de la « logistique sociale ». [source] | |||||||||||||