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Government Control (government + control)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	33%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	33%

Selected Abstracts

Conservation action in a changing climate

CONSERVATION LETTERS, Issue 2 2008
T.R. McClanahan
Abstract Climate change will pose new challenges to conserving Earth's natural ecosystems, due to incremental changes in temperature and weather patterns, and to increased frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. Addressing these challenges will require pragmatic conservation actions informed by site-specific understanding of susceptibility to climate change and capacity of societies to cope with and adapt to change. Depending on a location's environmental susceptibility and social adaptive capacity, appropriate conservation actions will require some combination of: (1) large-scale protection of ecosystems; (2) actively transforming and adapting social-ecological systems; (3) building the capacity of communities to cope with change; and (4) government assistance focused on de-coupling communities from dependence on natural resources. We apply a novel analytical framework to examine conservation actions in five western Indian Ocean countries, where climate-mediated disturbance has impacted coral reefs and where adaptive capacity differs markedly. We find that current conservation strategies do not reflect adaptive capacity and are, therefore, ill prepared for climate change. We provide a vision for conservation policies that considers social adaptive capacity that copes with complexities of climate change better than the singular emphasis on government control and the creation of no-take areas. [source]

Enhancing the quality of teaching: An Australian perspective

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION, Issue 133 2006
John M. Dearn
In Australia a major national reform of universities is currently under way that is resulting in tension between government control and market forces. [source]

Political Influence and the Banking Sector: Evidence from Korea,

OXFORD BULLETIN OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Issue 1 2007
Jaewook An
Abstract This paper uses panel data to compare the performance of Korean banks with and without effective government control of the appointment of chief operating officers. A privatization programme succeeded in spreading ownership of banks widely among the public, but government retention of an ownership stake in an institution meant de facto control by government. Despite charging lower loan rates, banks controlled by government experience higher bad loans ratios. This is in line with expectations of regulatory forbearance and government protection for recipients of political loans. Banks controlled by government are less efficient than privately controlled banks and bad loan variables are higher at banks with lower efficiency scores. [source]

Economic or Political Development: The Evolution of "Native" Local Government Policy in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, 1945,1963

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 2 2002
Huntley Wright
In 1969, Speaker of the House Assembly of Papua and New Guinea John Guise, spoke of a "quiet decision" to limit the activities of "Native" Local Government Councils in the Territory, so that "they seem to be much more like those of Australian Shire Councils". The present essay suggests that this "quiet decision", contrary to conventional wisdom, was not simply part of a colonial policy designed to serve "assimilationist purposes". Rather, the restricted role finally accorded to local councils was a corollary of the enhanced, post-war capacity of the metropolitan state. Early local government policy never envisaged councils as a first step toward self-government. Rather, councils were to be vehicles for securing the "systematic development of native agricultural potential". The decision to limit the scope of local government policy reflected not a rejection of this initial intent, but rather agrarian reform after 1956 was re-constituted as an object of direct government control. The legacy of local government in Papua New Guinea is not so much one of ,white' colonialism, but of ,development' entrapped in trusteeship. [source]

Welfarism Versus ,Free Enterprise': Considerations Of Power And Justice In The Philippine Healthcare System

BIOETHICS, Issue 5-6 2003
Peter A. Sy
ABSTRACT The just distribution of benefits and burdens of healthcare, at least in the contemporary Philippine context, is an issue that gravitates towards two opposing doctrines of welfarism and ,free enterprise.' Supported largely by popular opinion, welfarism maintains that social welfare and healthcare are primarily the responsibility of the government. Free enterprise (FE) doctrine, on the other hand, maintains that social welfare is basically a market function and that healthcare should be a private industry that operates under competitive conditions with minimal government control. I will examine the ethical implications of these two doctrines as they inform healthcare programmes by business and government, namely: (a) the Devolution of Health Services and (b) the Philippine Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). I will argue that these doctrines and the health programmes they inform are deficient in following respects: (1) equitable access to healthcare, (2) individual needs for premium healthcare, (3) optimal utilisation of health resources, and (4) the equitable assignment of burdens that healthcare entails. These respects, as considerations of justice, are consistent with an operational definition of ,power' proposed here as ,access to and control of resources.' [source]

One task, a few approaches, many impacts: Private-sector involvement in Canadian building code enforcement

CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 3 2010
Jeroen Van Der Heijden
As a result, private-sector inspectors were introduced as an alternative to local government control on the adherence to building regulations. However, this privatization has resulted in variations among jurisdictions. The main difference is the degree of private-sector involvement. Based on a series of interviews with forty-seven insiders, this article addresses the implications of such differences in privatization on the practice and process of building code enforcement. It draws some general lessons for the redesign of control over building regulations but at the same time warns against copy-pasting best practices. Sommaire : Pour répondre aux questions touchant à l'exécution de la réglementation par les municipalités, les gouvernements au Canada ont entrepris la réforme de leurs régimes de règlement et de contrôle de la construction depuis les années 1980. C'est ainsi que des inspecteurs du secteur privé ont été engagés au lieu de laisser les administrations locales veiller au respect des règlements de la construction. Cependant, cette privatisation a abouti à des modifications au sein des juridictions. La principale différence réside dans le degré de participation du secteur privé. En se fondant sur une série de quarante-sept entrevues avec des professionnels du secteur, le présent article porte sur les incidences que les différences dues à la privatisation ont sur la pratique et le processus d'application du code de construction. Il tire certaines leçons générales de la nouvelle conception du contrôle des règlements de la construction, tout en faisant des mises en garde contre les meilleures pratiques consistant à faire du copier-coller. [source]