Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Better Diets (good + diet)
Selected AbstractsAcute scurvy during treatment with interleukin-2CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2009D. T. Alexandrescu Summary The association of vitamin C deficiency with nutritional factors is commonly recognized. However, an acute form of scurvy can occur in patients with an acute systemic inflammatory response, which is produced by sepsis, medications, cancer or acute inflammation. The frequency of acute hypovitaminosis C in hospitalized patients is higher than previously recognized. We report the occurrence of acute signs and symptoms of scurvy (perifollicular petechiae, erythema, gingivitis and bleeding) in a patient hospitalized for treatment of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma with high-dose interleukin-2. Concomitantly, serum vitamin C levels decreased to below normal. Better diets and longer lifespan may result a lower frequency of acute scurvy and a higher frequency of scurvy associated with systemic inflammatory responses. Therefore, increased awareness of this condition can lead to early recognition of the cutaneous signs of acute scurvy in hospitalized patients with acute illnesses or in receipt of biological agents, and prevent subsequent morbidity such as bleeding, anaemia, impaired immune defences, oedema or neurological symptoms. [source] Third International EuroFIR Congress: European food composition data for better diet, nutrition and food qualityNUTRITION BULLETIN, Issue 2 2010S. M. Church First page of article [source] Optimum Dietary Protein Levels and Protein to Energy Ratios in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceusJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 2 2005Kang-Woong Kim The olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most commercially important fish species in Korea. In order to formulate better diets for cultured olive flounder we evaluated the optimum dietary protein requirements for larval, fry and juvenile olive flounder, and the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for juvenile olive flounder. Results of four separate experiments suggested that the optimum dietary protein requirements were 60% in larvae (0.3 g), 46.4,51.2% in 4.1-g juvenile, and 40,44% in 13.3 g growing olive flounder. The optimum dietary protein to energy ratio based on weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, and protein retention efficiency was 27,28 mg protein/kJ 2 energy (35 and 45% CP for diets containing 12.5 and 16.7 kJ energylg diet, respectively). [source] Important antinutrients in plant feedstuffs for aquaculture: an update on recent findings regarding responses in salmonidsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010Åshild Krogdahl Abstract This review presents an overview of antinutritive factors (ANFs) relevant for fish nutrition. The sources of ANFs and the possibilities of reducing the impact of ANFs are briefly mentioned. Proteinase inhibitors, lectins, saponins and oligosaccharides are given a more thorough presentation regarding mechanisms of action and the state of knowledge regarding effects on gut function in fish and upper safe dietary levels. Thereafter, selected results from recent works addressing the involvement of T cells and proteinase-activated receptors in soybean-induced enteritis are summarized. Our conclusions are as follows: we are only beginning to understand effects of ANFs in fish; strengthening of the knowledge base is urgently needed to understand the effects and to find the means to overcome or modify these effects; interactions between the effects of ANFs appear to be very important; the microbiota may modify the effects of ANFs; not only salmonids are affected; not only soybeans contain ANFs of biological importance in fish; and with increased knowledge, we can develop better diets for optimal nutrition, health and economy in aquaculture. [source] How environmental stress affects density dependence and carrying capacity in a marine copepodJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Richard M. Sibly Summary 1.,Management of the effects of stress on populations , for instance in ecotoxicology , requires understanding of the effects of stressors on populations and communities. Attention to date has too rarely been directed to relevant ecological endpoints, such as carrying capacity and density dependence. Established procedures are instead based on measuring the Life Tables of individual organisms exposed to differing concentrations of a pollutant at low population density, but this approach does not take into account population effects that may occur through interactions between individuals. Here we introduce an approach that allows direct measurement of the effects of stressors on carrying capacity and density dependence. 2.,Using the marine copepod Tisbe battagliai Volkmann-Rocco, we report replicated experiments establishing the effects of 100 µg L,1 pentachlorophenol (PCP) in combination with varying diet and food concentrations. Population density was measured as population biomass in 10 mL volumes. Diet was either the alga Isochrysis galbana Parke (here designated ,poor diet') or a mix of two algal species (I. galbana and Rhodomonas reticulata Novarino: ,good diet'). Each was given at three food concentrations (520, 1300 and 3250 µgC L,1), selected on the basis that at low population density these cover the range between limited and maximal population growth. 3.,Carrying capacity increased linearly with food concentration. On the poor diet the increase was 1·2 ,g L,1 for each ,gC L,1 increase in food concentration. On the good diet the increase was 2·3 ,g L,1/,gC L,1 in the absence of PCP, and 1·9 ,g L,1/,gC L,1 with PCP. Maximum carrying capacity was in the region of 60,80 ,g per 10 mL volume. Population growth rate (pgr) decreased linearly with population biomass when the latter was plotted on a logarithmic scale. Increasing biomass reduced pgr by 1·70 week,1 for each unit increase in log10 biomass. Increasing food concentration and improving diet both increased pgr, but did not affect the slope of the density-dependent relationship. Presence or absence of PCP had no effect except that at some higher food concentrations non-PCP populations initially increased faster than PCP populations, and at high concentration on the good diet the effect of density-dependence was decreased in PCP populations. 4.,The results show that a stressor's effects at high population density may differ from its effects at low density, and emphasizes the importance of finding new protocols, such as those introduced here, with which to study the joint effects of a stressor and population density. Managers and researchers of threatened species, harvested species and pest species need to know the joint effects of stressors and population density, in order to be able to predict the effects of stressors on carrying capacity and on the course of recovery from environmental perturbations. [source] Iron balance and iron nutrition in infancyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2003G Faldella At birth, the total body iron content is approximately 75 mg/kg, twice that of an adult man in relation to weight. During the first 6 mo of life, total iron body content increases slightly and exclusive breastfeeding is sufficient to maintain an optimal iron balance. Thereafter, iron body content substantially increases and the infant becomes critically dependent on dietary iron, provided by complementary foods. Numerous factors may contribute to nutritional iron deficiency in infancy, the most important being low body iron content at birth, blood loss, high postnatal growth rate, and a low amount and/or bioavailability of dietary iron. We have documented that the prevalence of iron deficiency declined in Italy as iron nutrition improved and that early feeding on fresh cow's milk is the single most important determinant of iron deficiency in infancy. Healthy full-term infants should maintain optimal iron balance by consuming a good diet, which can be summarized as follows: breastfeeding should be continued exclusively for at least 5 mo and then together with complementary foods containing highly bioavailable iron; infants who are not breastfed or are partially breastfed should receive an iron-fortified formula, containing between 4.0 and 8.0mg/L iron, from birth to 12 mo of age; fresh cow's milk should be avoided before 12 mo of age. [source] How environmental stress affects density dependence and carrying capacity in a marine copepodJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Richard M. Sibly Summary 1.,Management of the effects of stress on populations , for instance in ecotoxicology , requires understanding of the effects of stressors on populations and communities. Attention to date has too rarely been directed to relevant ecological endpoints, such as carrying capacity and density dependence. Established procedures are instead based on measuring the Life Tables of individual organisms exposed to differing concentrations of a pollutant at low population density, but this approach does not take into account population effects that may occur through interactions between individuals. Here we introduce an approach that allows direct measurement of the effects of stressors on carrying capacity and density dependence. 2.,Using the marine copepod Tisbe battagliai Volkmann-Rocco, we report replicated experiments establishing the effects of 100 µg L,1 pentachlorophenol (PCP) in combination with varying diet and food concentrations. Population density was measured as population biomass in 10 mL volumes. Diet was either the alga Isochrysis galbana Parke (here designated ,poor diet') or a mix of two algal species (I. galbana and Rhodomonas reticulata Novarino: ,good diet'). Each was given at three food concentrations (520, 1300 and 3250 µgC L,1), selected on the basis that at low population density these cover the range between limited and maximal population growth. 3.,Carrying capacity increased linearly with food concentration. On the poor diet the increase was 1·2 ,g L,1 for each ,gC L,1 increase in food concentration. On the good diet the increase was 2·3 ,g L,1/,gC L,1 in the absence of PCP, and 1·9 ,g L,1/,gC L,1 with PCP. Maximum carrying capacity was in the region of 60,80 ,g per 10 mL volume. Population growth rate (pgr) decreased linearly with population biomass when the latter was plotted on a logarithmic scale. Increasing biomass reduced pgr by 1·70 week,1 for each unit increase in log10 biomass. Increasing food concentration and improving diet both increased pgr, but did not affect the slope of the density-dependent relationship. Presence or absence of PCP had no effect except that at some higher food concentrations non-PCP populations initially increased faster than PCP populations, and at high concentration on the good diet the effect of density-dependence was decreased in PCP populations. 4.,The results show that a stressor's effects at high population density may differ from its effects at low density, and emphasizes the importance of finding new protocols, such as those introduced here, with which to study the joint effects of a stressor and population density. Managers and researchers of threatened species, harvested species and pest species need to know the joint effects of stressors and population density, in order to be able to predict the effects of stressors on carrying capacity and on the course of recovery from environmental perturbations. [source] | |||||||||||||