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Gonial Angle (gonial + angle)
Selected AbstractsAssociation between condylar position, joint morphology and craniofacial morphology in orthodontic patients without temporomandibular joint disordersJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2003K. Kikuchi summary, The present study investigated condylar position and joint morphology in adolescent patients and elucidated the possible association between the joint structure and condylar position, and craniofacial morphology. Sixty-five adolescent patients were selected as subjects and their tomograms and lateral cephalograms were analysed. No significant differences in joint spaces were found between the right and left temporomandibular joints. Both the condyles in this population were located slight anteriorly in the glenoid fossa. With respect to the association between condylar position, joint morphology and craniofacial morphology, the ramus plane angle also exhibited significant negative correlations with posterior, lateral and medial joint spaces. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the gonial angle and the anterior joint space. These findings imply that the condyle was likely to show more posterior position in the glenoid fossa when the mandible exhibited clockwise rotation. In conclusion, the condyle in the adolescent subjects showed a symmetrical anterior position relative to the glenoid fossa. In addition, the joint spaces and it ratios were significantly related to the craniofacial morphology associated with vertical dimension. It is suggested that the condylar position may be affected by craniofacial growth pattern. [source] Influences of occlusal and skeletal discrepancies on biomechanical environment in the TMJ during maximum clenching: an analytic approach with the finite element methodJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2001E. Tanaka The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of occlusal and skeletal discrepancies on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stresses during maximum clenching. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model of the mandible including the TMJ was developed as a standard model. Furthermore, nine modified models were established; one dentoalveolar open bite model and eight skeletal open bite models with varying gonial angles or mandibular plane angles (FMAs). For the dentoalveolar open bite model, the TMJ stresses were larger than those for the standard model, although the distribution pattern was not essentially varied. In the skeletal open bite model with greater gonial angle or FMA, the TMJ stresses were significantly larger than those in the dentoalveolar open bite model. In conclusion, the TMJ stress was affected by occlusal and/or skeletal discrepancies, if coexisted in particular, indicating the association with degenerative changes of the TMJ components. [source] Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: oral and craniofacial phenotypesORAL DISEASES, Issue 3 2009DL Domingo Objective:, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare early-onset accelerated senescence syndrome. In HGPS, a recently identified de novo dominant mutation of the lamin A gene (LMNA) produces abnormal lamin A, resulting in compromised nuclear membrane integrity. Clinical features include sclerotic skin, cardiovascular and bone abnormalities, and marked growth retardation. Craniofacial features include ,bird-like' facies, alopecia, craniofacial disproportion, and dental crowding. Our prospective study describes dental, oral soft tissue, and craniofacial bone features in HGPS. Methods:, Fifteen patients with confirmed p.G608G LMNA mutation (1,17 years, seven males, eight females) received comprehensive oral evaluations. Anomalies of oral soft tissue, gnathic bones, and dentition were identified. Results:, Radiographic findings included hypodontia (n = 7), dysmorphic teeth (n = 5), steep mandibular angles (n = 11), and thin basal bone (n = 11). Soft tissue findings included ogival palatal arch (n = 8), median sagittal palatal fissure (n = 7), and ankyloglossia (n = 7). Calculated dental ages (9 months to 11 years 2 months) were significantly lower than chronological ages (1 year 6 months to 17 years 8 months) (P = 0.002). Eleven children manifested a shorter mandibular body, anterior/posterior cranial base and ramus, but a larger gonial angle, compared to age/gender/race norms. Conclusion:, Novel oral-craniofacial phenotypes and quantification of previously reported features are presented. Our findings expand the HGPS phenotype and provide additional insight into the complex pathogenesis of HGPS. [source] Hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and head posture in relation to relapse after the mandibular setback in skeletal Class IIIORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2000Gaoman Gu This study evaluates the process of relapse after mandibular setback surgery by an analysis of the role of craniofacial morphology, hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and head posture. Subjects examined were 62 patients who received the sagittal split ramus osteotomies (SSRO). Changes of the craniofacial and related structures were evaluated from the serial cephalograms up to 3 years after the surgery. Results indicated that mandibular relapse represented by Pg occurred mostly within 6 months after the surgery. A net setback of the mandible was 9.1 mm and the superior move was 1.7 mm, with a reduction of 7.2 mm in mandibular length, 4.2 mm in ramus height, 3.7 mm in posterior face height, 2.6° in gonial angle, an increase of 2.9° in mandibular plane angle (MPA) by the last examination. Hyoid bone moved backward and downward and head posture was raised. The forward relapse of Pg was correlated with the changes of ANB, MPA, ramus height and hyoid position. Only hyoid position was predictably correlated with mandibular morphology and head posture. These findings suggest that mandibular setback alters the relationship among the hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and the head posture. It might be critical, therefore, relapse is closely monitored and controlled before the full healing of fragments and new muscular balance is established. [source] Craniofacial morphology in patients with hypophosphataemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets: a cephalometric studyJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2009S. H. AL-JUNDI Summary, Hypophosphataemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) is a hereditary disease mainly transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait and characterized by certain general clinical signs (Filho HM, de Castro LC, Damiani D. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2006;50:802). In literature, only one study had been published in 1965 on the cephalometric findings in patients with HVDRR (Marks SC, Lindahl RL, Bawden JW. J Dent Child. 1965;32:259). This is the first detailed study on craniofacial characteristics of patients with HVDRR in the dental literature. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HVDRR on the parameters of the craniofacial skeleton of young Jordanian patients using cephalometric analysis. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were made for 22 Jordanian children (aged 2,16 years) diagnosed with HVDRR. The cephalometeric parameters of HVDRR group were compared with those of normal control group matched for gender and chronological age using paired t -test. The HVDRR group had a significant increase in the SNBa angle (P < 0·01); as well as reduced anterior cranial base length (P = 0·01), reduced maxillary length, corpus mandibular length and mandibular height (P = 0·01, 0·04 and 0·008 respectively). The cranial base and gonial angles were significantly increased in diseased individual, but the SNA and ANB angles were significantly reduced (P = 0·018 and 0·000 respectively). The angulation of the lower incisor to mandibular plane was also significantly reduced in the diseased group compared with Jordanian norm (P = 0·004). Patients with HVDRR have deficiency in the anterior cranial base length, ramus height and cranial base angle. Patients with HVDRR also have class III skeletal relationship. [source] Influences of occlusal and skeletal discrepancies on biomechanical environment in the TMJ during maximum clenching: an analytic approach with the finite element methodJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2001E. Tanaka The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of occlusal and skeletal discrepancies on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stresses during maximum clenching. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model of the mandible including the TMJ was developed as a standard model. Furthermore, nine modified models were established; one dentoalveolar open bite model and eight skeletal open bite models with varying gonial angles or mandibular plane angles (FMAs). For the dentoalveolar open bite model, the TMJ stresses were larger than those for the standard model, although the distribution pattern was not essentially varied. In the skeletal open bite model with greater gonial angle or FMA, the TMJ stresses were significantly larger than those in the dentoalveolar open bite model. In conclusion, the TMJ stress was affected by occlusal and/or skeletal discrepancies, if coexisted in particular, indicating the association with degenerative changes of the TMJ components. [source] | ||||||||||