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Goal Attainment (goal + attainment)
Terms modified by Goal Attainment Selected AbstractsLIPID TREATMENT IN ETHNICALLY DIVERSE UNDERSERVED OLDER ADULTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: STATIN USE, GOAL ATTAINMENT, AND HEALTH DISPARITIES IN THE INFORMATICS FOR DIABETES EDUCATION AND TELEMEDICINE PROJECTJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 2 2010Ruth S. Weinstock MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Personal Goals and Psychological Growth: Testing an Intervention to Enhance Goal Attainment and Personality IntegrationJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2002Kennon M. Sheldon We hypothesized that semester goal attainmentprovides a route to short-term psychological growth. In an attempt to enhance this process, werandomly assigned participants to either a goal-training program or to a control condition. Although there were no main effects of program participation on later goal attainment, importantinteractions were found. Consistent with a “prepared to benefit” model,participants already high in goal-based measures of personality integration perceived the programas most useful and benefited the most from the program in terms of goal attainment. As a result,they became even more integrated and also increased in their levels of psychosocial well-being andvitality. Implications for theories of short-term growth and positive change are discussed, as is theunanswered question of how to help less-integrated persons grow. [source] Human nature: a foundation for palliative careNURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2008Beverly J. B. Whelton PhD MSN RN Abstract, The Aristotelian-Thomist philosopher holds that human intellectual knowledge is possible because of the order in the world and natural human capacities. It is the position of this paper that there is a shared human form or nature that unites all humanity as members of the same kind. Moral treatment is due to every human being because they are human, and is not based upon expression of abilities. Humans have substantial dynamic existence in the world, an existence which overflows in expressive relationships. As both patient and health professional are human, human nature forms the natural foundation of health care. This paper looks towards human nature for moral guidance. The therapeutic relationship is seen as a part of the interpersonal moral space formed by human relationality, which tends towards community , in this case, the healthcare system. The therapeutic relationship is also a source of moral responsibility, as illness makes the patient vulnerable, while knowledge and nursing capacities generate in the nurse a duty to care. Nursing theory serves to connect philosophical reflection and nursing practice. Imogene King's conceptual system and theory of Goal Attainment is the theory that follows from the perspective of human person being presented. This synthesis of philosophy and theory is developed with the goal of shedding light on healthcare decisions in palliative care. The article concludes with the acknowledgement that the complexity of contextualized individual decisions requires the insight and discipline of the moral practitioner, and provides some thoughts on how education, development, and refinement transform an individual into a nurse. [source] The Stress-Buffering Effects of Control on Task Satisfaction and Perceived Goal Attainment: An Experimental Study of the Moderating Influence of Desire for ControlAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Stacey L. Parker The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which Desire for Control (DFC) interacts with experimental manipulations of demand and control, and the consequences of these interactions on task satisfaction and perceived goal attainment (i.e. task performance and task mastery). It was expected that the proposed stress-buffering effects of control would be evident only for individuals high in DFC. Moreover, it was anticipated that control may have a stress-exacerbating effect for those low in DFC. These hypotheses were tested on a sample of 137 first year psychology students who participated in an in-basket activity under low and high conditions of demand and control. Results revealed that the proposed stress-buffering effect of control was found only for those high in DFC and a stress-exacerbating effect of increased control was evident for those low in DFC on task performance and task mastery perceptions. Future research directions and the implications of these findings to applied settings are discussed. Cette recherche avait pour objet de voir dans quelle mesure le besoin de maîtriser la situation (DFC) interagit avec des manipulations expérimentales portant sur les exigences et le contrôle, ainsi que d'observer les conséquences de ces interactions sur la satisfaction liée à la tâche et à la réussite perçue (relative à la performance et à la maîtrise de la tâche). On a fait l'hypothèse que seuls les individus présentant un haut niveau de DFC verraient leur stress atténué par la possibilité de maîtriser la situation. En outre, on pensait que la maîtrise de la situation pouvait accroître le stress de ceux ayant un faible niveau de DFC. Ces hypothèses ont été mises à l'épreuve sur un échantillon de 137 étudiants de première année de psychologie qui subirent un in-basket test dans des conditions de haut et de bas niveaux d'exigence et de contrôle. Les résultats montrent que l'atténuation du stress par la maîtrise de la situation n'existe que pour les hauts niveaux de DFC, alors qu'une maîtrise accrue stimule le stress chez les bas niveaux, aussi bien sur la perception de la performance que sur celle de la domination de la tâche. On propose des orientations pour de futures recherches et l'on réfléchit aux retombées de ces résultats sur la vie pratique. [source] Goal attainment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors in community-based clinical practice (a Canadian experience)JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Pendar Farahani MD MSc Abstract Background, The primary goal in the clinical management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease is to reduce major CV risk factors. A single risk factor approach has been traditionally used for demonstrating effectiveness of therapeutic interventions designed to reduce CV risk in clinical trials, but a global CV risk reduction approach should be adopted when assessing effectiveness in the clinical practice setting. Objectives, To explore combined goal achievement for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose and systolic-diastolic blood pressure, in patients with dyslipidemia on pharmacotherapy in community-based clinical practices across Canada. Methods, In a cross-sectional study, patients filling a prescription for any antihyperlipidemia therapy in selected pharmacies in Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia and Nova Scotia were recruited. Family physicians of the participating patients were requested to provide information from the patient's medical record. Ten-year CV risk was identified for each patient according to the Framingham criteria. Results, High-risk patients comprised 52% of the patient population; 34% were moderate-risk and 14% were low-risk. Patients had a mean of 2.8 CV risk factors; high-risk 3.7, moderate-risk 2.3 and low-risk 1.2. LDL-C goal attainment was observed in 62%, 79% and 96% of patients in high-risk, moderate-risk and low-risk strata respectively. BP goal was achieved in high-risk patients 58%, moderate-risk 83% and low-risk 95%. Glucose levels were below the threshold in 91% of patients. Complete global CV risk reduction was achieved in only 21%, 66% and 92% of high-risk, moderate-risk and low-risk strata respectively. Conclusion, This study illustrates that many patients with dyslipidemia in the Canadian population, and in particular the high-risk patients, did not meet the therapeutic targets for specific CV risk factors according to the Canadian guidelines. Overall, 54% of patients failed to achieve a state of complete global CV risk reduction. [source] Goal attainment for spasticity management using botulinum toxinPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2006Stephen Ashford Abstract Background and Purpose. To determine whether goal attainment scaling (GAS) can demonstrate functional gains following injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) for spasticity in severely disabled patients. Method. Subjects were categorized as ,responder' (positive clinical outcome) and ,non-responder' (non-significant clinical outcome) on the basis of their overall clinical response. GAS scores for functional goals were calculated retrospectively and compared with standard outcome assessments undertaken at the time of intervention. Integrated care pathway (ICP) proformas were interrogated for 18 patients with acquired brain injuries. Mean age was 44.4 (SD 13.4) years. Results. Baseline GAS and Barthel scores were similar for the responder and non-responder groups. The outcome GAS score was significantly greater in the responder than in the non-responder group (Mann,Whitney U = 11.0; p = 0.011) as was the change in GAS score (Mann,Whitney U = 8.0; p = 0.004). GAS scores reflected change recorded in focal outcome measures. However, the Barthel Index measured change in only one case. Conclusions. This exploratory retrospective study provides preliminary support for the hypothesis that GAS provides a useful measure of functional gains in response to treatment with BTX, and is more sensitive than global measures such as the Barthel Index. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Regulatory mode and the joys of doing: effects of ,locomotion' and ,assessment' on intrinsic and extrinsic task-motivationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Antonio Pierro Abstract This research investigates the relation between regulatory-mode (Higgins, Kruglanski, & Pierro, 2003; Kruglanski et al., 2000) and task motivation. Four studies conducted in diverse field and laboratory settings support the notions that ,locomotion', i.e. a self-regulatory emphasis on movement from state to state, is positively related to intrinsic task motivation, whereas ,assessment', i.e. a self-regulatory tendency to emphasize comparative appraisal of entities and states (such as goals and means) is positively related to extrinsic motivation. It is further found that ,locomotion', but not ,assessment', is positively related to effort investment, which, in turn, is positively related to goal attainment. Attainment is, additionally, predicted by an interaction of locomotion and assessment, such that individuals are most likely to reach their goals if they are high on both these dimensions. Taken as a body, these findings highlight the relevance of regulatory-mode concepts to the study of task motivation and activity experience. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Strategies of self-regulation in goal attainment versus goal maintenanceEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Jeff C. Brodscholl We propose that there exists an important difference between attainment and maintenance in terms of the goal pursuit strategies for which they call. Specifically, we propose that goal attainment calls for the use of eager approach strategies, whereas goal maintenance calls for the use of vigilant avoidance strategies. We distinguish between attainment versus maintenance as two different goal pursuit conditions on the one hand, and promotion versus prevention focus as two different self-regulatory concerns on the other hand. We then use insights from Regulatory Fit Theory to make predictions concerning the interactive effects of these two motivational dimensions on outcome valuations. Consistent with our proposal about attainment and maintenance, we found that participants in a promotion focus valued the outcome of an attainment task more than did participants in a prevention focus, whereas the opposite was true for a maintenance task. Implications for maintenance-related phenomena such as belief perseverance effects are subsequently discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] How regulatory fit enhances motivational strength during goal pursuitEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Scott Spiegel Higgins' (2000) theory of regulatory fit proposes that motivational strength will be enhanced when the manner in which people work toward a goal sustains (rather than disrupts) their regulatory orientation. This enhanced motivational strength in turn should improve efforts at goal attainment. In Experiment 1, predominantly promotion- and prevention-focused participants were given the goal of writing a report on their leisure time, and were assigned either eagerness- or vigilance-framed means to use. Promotion/eagerness and prevention/vigilance participants were about 50% more likely to turn in their reports than promotion/vigilance and prevention/eagerness participants. In Experiment 2, participants read either a promotion- or a prevention-framed health message urging them to eat more fruits and vegetables, and were then asked to imagine either the benefits of compliance or the costs of non-compliance. Promotion/benefits and prevention/costs participants subsequently ate about 20% more fruits and vegetables over the following week than promotion/costs and prevention/benefits participants. The implications of regulatory fit's enhancement of motivational strength are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial,JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 10 2009Thomas Berger Abstract In this study conducted in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, 52 individuals with social phobia were randomly assigned either to an Internet-based cognitive,behavioral treatment with minimal contact with therapists via e-mail or to a waiting-list control group. Significant differences between the two groups were found at posttreatment on all primary outcome measures (social anxiety measures) and on two of the secondary outcome measures (general symptomatology, therapy goal attainment). On average, within-groups effect sizes were large for the primary outcomes (Cohen's d=0.82) and for secondary outcomes (Cohen's d=1.04). Moreover, subjects in the treatment group fulfilled the criteria of clinically significant improvement significantly more often than subjects in the control group on all measured dimensions (58% vs. 20%). Users' acceptance of the program was high. The results from the present study lend further support to the hypothesis that Internet-delivered interventions with minimal therapist contact are a promising treatment approach to social phobia. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1,15, 2009. [source] Going for the Goal: Improving youths' problem-solving skills through a school-based interventionJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Todd C. O'Hearn This study evaluated Going for the Goal (GOAL), a school-based intervention designed by Danish and colleagues to teach life skills to at-risk urban adolescents. We extended previous evaluation of GOAL by including an assessment of means-ends problem-solving skills. The 10-week program was administered to 479 middle school students by 46 trained high school student leaders in a predominantly Hispanic community. The program focused on setting positive, reachable goals; anticipating and responding to barriers to goal attainment; using social support; and building on one's strengths. Results demonstrated gains in knowledge of the skills being taught and improvement in problem-solving skills. Leaders also showed an increase in their knowledge of life skills. The approach maximizes both community resources and ecological validity while giving high school leaders the chance to benefit in their role as helpers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Goal attainment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors in community-based clinical practice (a Canadian experience)JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Pendar Farahani MD MSc Abstract Background, The primary goal in the clinical management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease is to reduce major CV risk factors. A single risk factor approach has been traditionally used for demonstrating effectiveness of therapeutic interventions designed to reduce CV risk in clinical trials, but a global CV risk reduction approach should be adopted when assessing effectiveness in the clinical practice setting. Objectives, To explore combined goal achievement for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose and systolic-diastolic blood pressure, in patients with dyslipidemia on pharmacotherapy in community-based clinical practices across Canada. Methods, In a cross-sectional study, patients filling a prescription for any antihyperlipidemia therapy in selected pharmacies in Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia and Nova Scotia were recruited. Family physicians of the participating patients were requested to provide information from the patient's medical record. Ten-year CV risk was identified for each patient according to the Framingham criteria. Results, High-risk patients comprised 52% of the patient population; 34% were moderate-risk and 14% were low-risk. Patients had a mean of 2.8 CV risk factors; high-risk 3.7, moderate-risk 2.3 and low-risk 1.2. LDL-C goal attainment was observed in 62%, 79% and 96% of patients in high-risk, moderate-risk and low-risk strata respectively. BP goal was achieved in high-risk patients 58%, moderate-risk 83% and low-risk 95%. Glucose levels were below the threshold in 91% of patients. Complete global CV risk reduction was achieved in only 21%, 66% and 92% of high-risk, moderate-risk and low-risk strata respectively. Conclusion, This study illustrates that many patients with dyslipidemia in the Canadian population, and in particular the high-risk patients, did not meet the therapeutic targets for specific CV risk factors according to the Canadian guidelines. Overall, 54% of patients failed to achieve a state of complete global CV risk reduction. [source] Understanding ,appropriateness' in multinational organizationsJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 3 2007Danielle Cooper Assessments of the appropriateness and inappropriateness of behaviors may influence conflict, cohesion, and goal attainment in multinational organizations (MNOs). We develop a model of appropriateness that illustrates how various arrangements in MNOs (e.g., geocentric staffing) may work to influence the likelihood of (in-) appropriateness assessments as well as the magnitude of the reactions (positive or negative) to such assessments via their influence on members' ingroup-outgroup categorizations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Goal Striving Within Agentic and Communal Roles: Separate but Functionally Similar Pathways to Enhanced Well-BeingJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2008Kennon M. Sheldon ABSTRACT Do agency and communion strivings provide functionally similar but predictively independent pathways to enhanced well-being? We tested this idea via a year-long study of 493 diverse community adults. Our process model, based on self-determination and motive disposition theories, fit the data well. First, the need for achievement predicted initial autonomous motivation for agentic (work and school) role-goals and the need for intimacy predicted felt autonomy for communal (relationship and parenting) goals. For both agentic and communal goals, autonomous motivation predicted corresponding initial expectancies that predicted later goal attainment. Finally, each type of attainment predicted improved adjustment or role-satisfaction over the year. Besides being similar across agency and communion, the model was also similar across race and gender, except that the beneficial effects of communal goal attainment were stronger for high need for intimacy women and Blacks. Implications for agency/communion theories, motivation theories, and theories of well-being are discussed. [source] Personal Goals and Psychological Growth: Testing an Intervention to Enhance Goal Attainment and Personality IntegrationJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2002Kennon M. Sheldon We hypothesized that semester goal attainmentprovides a route to short-term psychological growth. In an attempt to enhance this process, werandomly assigned participants to either a goal-training program or to a control condition. Although there were no main effects of program participation on later goal attainment, importantinteractions were found. Consistent with a “prepared to benefit” model,participants already high in goal-based measures of personality integration perceived the programas most useful and benefited the most from the program in terms of goal attainment. As a result,they became even more integrated and also increased in their levels of psychosocial well-being andvitality. Implications for theories of short-term growth and positive change are discussed, as is theunanswered question of how to help less-integrated persons grow. [source] WHY DOES PROACTIVE PERSONALITY PREDICT EMPLOYEE LIFE SATISFACTION AND WORK BEHAVIORS?PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010A FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE MEDIATING ROLE OF THE SELF-CONCORDANCE MODEL We integrated the proactive personality and the self-concordance model literatures to hypothesize and test a model that explicates the processes through which proactive personality relates to employee life satisfaction, in-role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Across 3 time periods, data were collected from 165 employees and their supervisors. Results indicated that more proactive individuals were more likely to set self-concordant goals and attain their goals, which in turn predicted psychological need satisfaction. Psychological need satisfaction subsequently predicted employee life satisfaction, in-role performance, and OCBs. Further, goal attainment directly predicted employee life satisfaction. Our results also indicated that proactive personality's relations with employee life satisfaction, in-role performance, and OCBs were entirely indirect through goal self-concordance, goal attainment, and psychological need satisfaction. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,PSYCHOLOGY: Sexual Motivation in Women as a Function of AgeTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 12 2009Cindy M. Meston PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Women's motivations to engage in sex are likely influenced by their past sexual experiences, the type of relationship in which they are involved in, and numerous lifestyle factors such as career and family demands. The influences of these factors undoubtedly change as women age. Aim., This study aimed to examine potential differences in sexual motivation between three distinct age groups of premenopausal women. Methods., Women aged 18,22 years (N = 137), 23,30 years (N = 103), and 31,45 years (N = 87) completed an online survey that assessed the proportion with which they had engaged in sexual intercourse for each of 140 distinct reasons. Main Outcome Measures., The YSEX? Questionnaire by Meston and Buss [1] was used to measure sexual motivation. The items of this questionnaire were composed of four primary sexual motivation factors (physical, goal attainment, emotional, insecurity), and 13 subfactors. Results., Women aged 31,45 years reported a higher proportion of engaging in sex compared with one or both of the younger age groups of women for nine of the 13 YSEX? subfactors: stress reduction, physical desirability, experience seeking, resources, social status, revenge, expression, self-esteem boost, and mate guarding. At an item level, the top 25 reasons for having sex were virtually identical across age groups. Conclusion., Women aged 31,45 have more motives for engaging in sex than do women aged 18,30, but the primary reasons for engaging in sex do not differ within this age range. Women aged 18,45 have sex primarily for pleasure, and love and commitment. The implications for diagnosis and treatment of women with sexual dysfunctions were discussed. Meston CM, Hamilton LD, and Harte CB. Sexual motivation in women as a function of age. J Sex Med 2009;6:3305,3319. [source] The Stress-Buffering Effects of Control on Task Satisfaction and Perceived Goal Attainment: An Experimental Study of the Moderating Influence of Desire for ControlAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Stacey L. Parker The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which Desire for Control (DFC) interacts with experimental manipulations of demand and control, and the consequences of these interactions on task satisfaction and perceived goal attainment (i.e. task performance and task mastery). It was expected that the proposed stress-buffering effects of control would be evident only for individuals high in DFC. Moreover, it was anticipated that control may have a stress-exacerbating effect for those low in DFC. These hypotheses were tested on a sample of 137 first year psychology students who participated in an in-basket activity under low and high conditions of demand and control. Results revealed that the proposed stress-buffering effect of control was found only for those high in DFC and a stress-exacerbating effect of increased control was evident for those low in DFC on task performance and task mastery perceptions. Future research directions and the implications of these findings to applied settings are discussed. Cette recherche avait pour objet de voir dans quelle mesure le besoin de maîtriser la situation (DFC) interagit avec des manipulations expérimentales portant sur les exigences et le contrôle, ainsi que d'observer les conséquences de ces interactions sur la satisfaction liée à la tâche et à la réussite perçue (relative à la performance et à la maîtrise de la tâche). On a fait l'hypothèse que seuls les individus présentant un haut niveau de DFC verraient leur stress atténué par la possibilité de maîtriser la situation. En outre, on pensait que la maîtrise de la situation pouvait accroître le stress de ceux ayant un faible niveau de DFC. Ces hypothèses ont été mises à l'épreuve sur un échantillon de 137 étudiants de première année de psychologie qui subirent un in-basket test dans des conditions de haut et de bas niveaux d'exigence et de contrôle. Les résultats montrent que l'atténuation du stress par la maîtrise de la situation n'existe que pour les hauts niveaux de DFC, alors qu'une maîtrise accrue stimule le stress chez les bas niveaux, aussi bien sur la perception de la performance que sur celle de la domination de la tâche. On propose des orientations pour de futures recherches et l'on réfléchit aux retombées de ces résultats sur la vie pratique. [source] Change Management Choices and Trajectories in a Multidivisional FirmBRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2010Inger G. Stensaker This paper draws on a comparative case study of the implementation of a planned change initiative across three different divisions of a multidivisional oil company to investigate the influences guiding division-level change agents in their choice of a change management approach and the impact of different approaches on change outcomes. While the contingency perspective suggests that change management approaches should be chosen to fit with change content and context, we found that change agents navigated amongst three concerns: substantive concerns related to goal attainment, political concerns related to conformity to corporate demands, and relational concerns concerning relations with employees. We identified three different change management trajectories across the three divisions based on alternative ways of balancing the concerns. The data show that, regardless of the change management approach adopted, change tends to be diluted in implementation. However, the various trajectories have differential consequences for other important dimensions such as corporate approval and relationships with employees. [source] | ||||||||||||||||