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Global Sensitivity Analysis (global + sensitivity_analysis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	40%

Selected Abstracts

Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer by Andrea Saltelli, Marco Ratto, Terry Andres, Francesca Campolongo, Jessica Cariboni, Debora Gatelli, Michaela Saisana, Stefano Tarantola

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2008
Shuangzhe Liu
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Sensitivity Analyses of Spatial Population Viability Analysis Models for Species at Risk and Habitat Conservation Planning

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
ILONA R. NAUJOKAITIS-LEWIS
análisis de sensibilidad; análisis de viabilidad poblacional; incertidumbre; metapoblación; planificación de la conservación Abstract:,Population viability analysis (PVA) is an effective framework for modeling species- and habitat-recovery efforts, but uncertainty in parameter estimates and model structure can lead to unreliable predictions. Integrating complex and often uncertain information into spatial PVA models requires that comprehensive sensitivity analyses be applied to explore the influence of spatial and nonspatial parameters on model predictions. We reviewed 87 analyses of spatial demographic PVA models of plants and animals to identify common approaches to sensitivity analysis in recent publications. In contrast to best practices recommended in the broader modeling community, sensitivity analyses of spatial PVAs were typically ad hoc, inconsistent, and difficult to compare. Most studies applied local approaches to sensitivity analyses, but few varied multiple parameters simultaneously. A lack of standards for sensitivity analysis and reporting in spatial PVAs has the potential to compromise the ability to learn collectively from PVA results, accurately interpret results in cases where model relationships include nonlinearities and interactions, prioritize monitoring and management actions, and ensure conservation-planning decisions are robust to uncertainties in spatial and nonspatial parameters. Our review underscores the need to develop tools for global sensitivity analysis and apply these to spatial PVA. Resumen:,El análisis de viabilidad poblacional (AVP) es un marco de referencia efectivo para los esfuerzos de recuperación de especie y de hábitat, pero la incertidumbre en las estimaciones de parámetros y la estructura del modelo pueden llevar a predicciones no confiables. La integración de información compleja y a menudo incierta a los modelos de AVP espaciales requiere la aplicación de análisis de sensibilidad para explorar la influencia de parámetros espaciales y no espaciales sobre las predicciones de los modelos. Revisamos 87 análisis de modelos de AVP demográficos espaciales de plantas y animales para identificar métodos comunes de análisis de sensibilidad en publicaciones recientes. En contraste con las mejores prácticas recomendadas por la comunidad de modeladores, los análisis de los sensibilidad de AVP típicamente fueron ad hoc, inconsistentes y difíciles de comparar. La mayoría de los estudios aplicaron métodos locales a los análisis de sensibilidad, pero pocos variaron parámetros múltiples simultáneamente. La falta de estándares para los análisis de sensibilidad y descripción en los AVP espaciales tiene el potencial de comprometer la habilidad de aprender colectivamente de los resultados de AVP, de interpretar con precisión los resultados en casos en que las relaciones de los modelos sean no lineales e incluyan interacciones, para priorizar las acciones de monitoreo y manejo y para asegurar que la planificación de las decisiones de conservación sean robustas ante la incertidumbre en los parámetros espaciales y no espaciales. Nuestra revisión subraya la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas para análisis de sensibilidad globales y aplicarlos a AVP espaciales. [source]

Surrogate model-based strategy for cryogenic cavitation model validation and sensitivity evaluation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 9 2008
Tushar Goel
Abstract The study of cavitation dynamics in cryogenic environment has critical implications for the performance and safety of liquid rocket engines, but there is no established method to estimate cavitation-induced loads. To help develop such a computational capability, we employ a multiple-surrogate model-based approach to aid in the model validation and calibration process of a transport-based, homogeneous cryogenic cavitation model. We assess the role of empirical parameters in the cavitation model and uncertainties in material properties via global sensitivity analysis coupled with multiple surrogates including polynomial response surface, radial basis neural network, kriging, and a predicted residual sum of squares-based weighted average surrogate model. The global sensitivity analysis results indicate that the performance of cavitation model is more sensitive to the changes in model parameters than to uncertainties in material properties. Although the impact of uncertainty in temperature-dependent vapor pressure on the predictions seems significant, uncertainty in latent heat influences only temperature field. The influence of wall heat transfer on pressure load is insignificant. We find that slower onset of vapor condensation leads to deviation of the predictions from the experiments. The recalibrated model parameters rectify the importance of evaporation source terms, resulting in significant improvements in pressure predictions. The model parameters need to be adjusted for different fluids, but for a given fluid, they help capture the essential fluid physics with different geometry and operating conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Toward a reduction of the bimolecular reaction model for titan's ionosphere

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS, Issue 11 2008
Nathalie Carrasco
The aim of this paper is to highlight the skeletal chemistry responsible for the rich ionospheric chemistry observed in Titan's atmosphere. The present database is represented by about 700 ion,molecule reactions, which are not all important to describe the system. Our criterion to reduce the list of reactions is to reproduce a reference mass spectrum within its uncertainties. This reference mass spectrum is obtained with the complete reaction database and with neutral densities optimized for the INMS mass spectrum measured at 1200 km during the T5 flyby. We compared two mechanism reduction methods, brute force screening and global sensitivity analysis. The analysis of the residual scheme with only 35 bimolecular reactions highlights several patterns, concerning in particular ionic growth processes and introduction of nitrogen to the ionic species. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 699,709, 2008 [source]

Physiologically based predictions of the impact of inhibition of intestinal and hepatic metabolism on human pharmacokinetics of CYP3A substrates

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2010
Frederique Fenneteau
Abstract The first objective of the present study was to predict the pharmacokinetics of selected CYP3A substrates administered at a single oral dose to human. The second objective was to predict pharmacokinetics of the selected drugs in presence of inhibitors of the intestinal and/or hepatic CYP3A activity. We developed a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetics (WB-PBPK) model accounting for presystemic elimination of midazolam (MDZ), alprazolam (APZ), triazolam (TRZ), and simvastatin (SMV). The model also accounted for concomitant administration of the above-mentioned drugs with CYP3A inhibitors, namely ketoconazole (KTZ), itraconazole (ITZ), diltiazem (DTZ), saquinavir (SQV), and a furanocoumarin contained in grape-fruit juice (GFJ), namely 6,,7,-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB). Model predictions were compared to published clinical data. An uncertainty analysis was performed to account for the variability and uncertainty of model parameters when predicting the model outcomes. We also briefly report on the results of our efforts to develop a global sensitivity analysis and its application to the current WB-PBPK model. Considering the current criterion for a successful prediction, judged satisfied once the clinical data are captured within the 5th and 95th percentiles of the predicted concentration,time profiles, a successful prediction has been obtained for a single oral administration of MDZ and SMV. For APZ and TRZ, however, a slight deviation toward the 95th percentile was observed especially for Cmax but, overall, the in vivo profiles were well captured by the PBPK model. Moreover, the impact of DHB-mediated inhibition on the extent of intestinal pre-systemic elimination of MDZ and SMV has been accurately predicted by the proposed PBPK model. For concomitant administrations of MDZ and ITZ, APZ and KTZ, as well as SMV and DTZ, the in vivo concentration,time profiles were accurately captured by the model. A slight deviation was observed for SMV when coadministered with ITZ, whereas more important deviations have been obtained between the model predictions and in vivo concentration,time profiles of MDZ coadministered with SQV. The same observation was made for TRZ when administered with KTZ. Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters predicted by the PBPK model were successfully predicted within a two-fold error range either in the absence or presence of metabolism-based inhibition. Overall, the present study demonstrated the ability of the PBPK model to predict DDI of CYP3A substrates with promising accuracy. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:486,514, 2010 [source]