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Glycated Hemoglobin (glycated + hemoglobin)
Selected AbstractsGlycated Hemoglobin Levels and Intellectual Activity in an Aged PopulationJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 12 2005Hidenori Amano MHSc Objectives: To examine the association between glycated hemoglobin (GHb) and aspects of daily activities in an elderly population. Design: Cross-sectional population-based survey. Setting: Nangai village, an agricultural community with a population of about 5,000 located in Akita prefecture in the north of Japan. Participants: Nine hundred thirty-five people aged 65 and older. Measurements: GHb percentages, self-reported measures of activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), intellectual activity (IA), and social role (SR). Results: An exploratory analysis indicated that nondiabetic subjects in the lowest tertile of GHb tend to have lower IA than those in the middle tertile, if they were aged 70 and older. No consistent association appeared between GHb and ADLs, IADLs, or SR. Linear and logistic regression analyses, controlling for other risk factors, indicated significantly lower IA scores in the low and high GHb tertiles (P<.001 and P=.04, respectively) than in the middle in nondiabetic subjects aged 70 and older and without stroke history or IADL impairments. The value of GHb related to the maximal IA score was 5.0% to 5.2% as the middle tertile; or 5.2%, assuming a logistic regression model including a squared term with GHb as a continuous variable. A similar relationship was observed in the whole nondiabetic sample aged 70 and older but not in the younger counterpart. Conclusion: There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between GHb and intellectual activity in older people without diabetes mellitus. One possible interpretation is that suboptimal blood glucose could contribute to intellectual inactivity in older people. [source] Mistakes, misunderstandings and controversies in diabetes: A review and personal accountJOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION, Issue 3 2010Carl Erik Mogensen Abstract A number of controversies in diabetes have had too little attention. I discuss the following issues: (i) drug therapy; (ii) genetics; (iii) antihypertensive treatment in patients with normoalbuminuria and with abnormal albuminuria; (iv) insulin analogs; (v) cancer in diabetes; (vi) hypophysectomy; (vii) renal biopsy; (viii) low protein diet; and (ix) glycated hemoglobin. A closer look at these items is required in order to have a more realistic picture of diabetes research. A scheme of other controversies is also provided. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00012.x, 2010) [source] Monitoring of blood proteins glycation by refractive index and spectral measurementsLASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 6 2008O.S. Zhernovaya Abstract Monitoring of blood glucose and glycated proteins level is an urgent requirement for diabetic patients. The amount of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin depends on blood glucose concentration and reflects the mean glycemia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of presence of glucose and glycation of proteins on optical properties of water solutions of hemoglobin and albumin with different glucose concentrations. We present the results of feasibility study of the refractive index measurements for water solutions of hemoglobin and albumin with glucose by Abbe refractometer. In addition, absorbance spectrum of water solutions of hemoglobin and albumin with different glucose concentrations has been studied. The experimental results show that the changes of optical properties caused by glycation of proteins can be observed by refractive index and spectral measurements. The refractive index measurements can be potentially applied for evaluation of glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin amount in blood. (© 2008 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source] Type 1 diabetes mellitus and school: a comparison of patients and healthy siblingsPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 8 2009Kelly B Parent Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at risk for a variety of problems at school. Well-controlled studies using data collected in schools, however, are limited. The purposes of this study are to determine whether selected school problems are associated with T1DM and to investigate an association between these problems and medical variables. Teachers rated 95 diabetic students (M = 11.8; SD = 3.0 yr old) and 95 of their siblings (M = 12.1; SD = 3.0 yr old) regarding academic skills, work completion, day-to-day variability, and classroom attention. Medical and school records also were accessed. The T1DM group had lower academic skills ratings overall (p < 0.02), especially in writing (p < 0.01), a trend toward poorer classroom attention (p < 0.08), and many more missed school days (p < 0.001). Diabetics on intensive therapy protocols had better academic ratings overall (p < 0.02), including in math (p < 0.03) and fewer missed school days (p < 0.03), but they unexpectedly were rated as having more classroom behaviors that jeopardize work completion (p < 0.05) than counterparts on conventional therapy. Among all diabetics, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels were moderately related to each academic skill rating (r = ,0.34 to ,0.37; p < 0.01) and strongly related to classroom attention (r = 0.53; p = 0.000). T1DM itself appears to be a relatively minor influence to several important aspects of school. Furthermore, although intensive therapy alone may well promote school success, meticulous glycemic control, however achieved, appears more important in mitigating prospective classroom attention and academic problems. [source] The severity of clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes in children does not significantly influence the pattern of residual ,-cell function and long-term metabolic controlPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 1 2003Silvana Salardi Abstract: Aim:, The purpose of the present study was to compare relationships between the clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes in children and residual ,-cell secretion and long-term metabolic control. Methods:, This retrospective study was conducted in 66 diabetic children with age at diagnosis ranging from 0.7 to 14.8 yr. The patients showed contrasting characteristics at diagnosis: either diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (group 1, n = 29) or absence of metabolic derangement (group 2, n = 37) associated with marked (group 2A, n = 12) or mild hyperglycemia (group 2B, n = 25). A regular follow-up was available for at least 10 yr (10,32 yr) in all cases and for 20 yr in 23 cases. C-peptide levels were measured from diagnosis and thereafter at intervals for the first years of disease until becoming permanently undetectable. Results:, C-peptide levels at diagnosis were undetectable in about 20% of the cases both with and without DKA. C-peptide levels at diagnosis, the duration of measurable C-peptide levels and the maximum value found during follow-up were not significantly different in the three groups and were not correlated with glycated hemoglobin (GHb) calculated throughout the whole period. No differences were found between the groups of patients concerning GHb values and insulin dose at 10, 15 and 20 yr of disease. The patients of group 2A, characterized by an extremely high glycemic level without ketoacidosis, had a significantly higher prevalence of HLA DR3/4 heterozygosity. Conclusions:, The severity of clinical presentation at diagnosis does not significantly influence residual ,-cell function, and long-term metabolic control. [source] Health-related and diabetes-related quality of life in Japanese children and adolescents with type 1 and type 2 diabetesPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2010Nobue Nakamura Abstract Background:, The aim of this study was to assess (i) the health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of primary, junior and high school children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and to compare it with that of healthy school children; and (ii) to compare the diabetes-related QOL (DR-QOL) and the QOL of parents of children with diabetes, between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Japan. Methods:, Overall, 471 patients aged 9,18 years (368 with type 1 and 103 with type 2 diabetes) and their parents were involved. QOL was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results:, The total score for HR-QOL of primary and junior school children with type 1 diabetes was significantly higher than that of those with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. However, there were no significant differences in high school children. Some subscales regarding HR-QOL were significantly lower for children with type 2 diabetes than for children with type 1 diabetes or healthy controls. The DR-QOL of children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes did not significantly differ. The Family Burden and Family Involvement were significantly greater in parents of children with type 1 diabetes. There were significantly positive correlations between HR-QOL and DR-QOL in both groups. In type 1 diabetes only, there were significant negative correlations between glycated hemoglobin and some subscales of the HR-QOL and QOL of parents of children with diabetes, and weak positive correlation between glycated hemoglobin and Family Burden. Conclusions:, The HR-QOL of school children with type 1 diabetes was higher than that of those with type 2 diabetes and healthy school children. The QOL of school children with type 1 diabetes was not impaired. [source] Composite estimates of physiological stress, age, and diabetes in American SamoansAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Douglas E. Crews Abstract Composite estimates of physiological stress such as allostatic load (AL) were developed to help assess cumulative impacts of psychosocial and physical stressors on the body. Physiological responses to stress generally accelerate somatic wear-and-tear and chronic degenerative conditions (CDCs). Following McEwen (Neuropsychopharmacology 22 (1999) 108,124) and others, primary physiological mediators of somatic stress responses include glucocorticoids (cortisol), catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), and serum dihydroepiandosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). Conversely, blood pressure (BP), serum HDL and total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and waist/hip (w/h) ratio are modulated by such hormones, thereby acting as secondary mediators of stress response. When these risk factors are aggregated into a composite score, higher stress loads are associated with increased risks for days of school/work missed, functional losses, morbidity, and mortality in US samples. To examine stress loads in American Samoans, data on all 6 secondary mediators along with estimates of body habitus (i.e. height, weight, circumferences, skinfolds) and physiology (i.e. fasting insulin, LDLc, triglycerides, fasting glucose) were measured on 273 individuals residing on Tutuila Island in 1992. Four combinations of these physiological factors were used to determine composite estimates of stress. These were then assessed by sex for associations with age and the presence of diabetes. Composite estimates of stress load were higher in Samoan women than men. Associations with age tended to be low and negative in men, but positive in women, appearing to reflect cultural circumstances and population history. Stress load scores also were higher among those with diabetes than those without among both men and women. These results suggest that composite estimates of stress may be useful for assessing future risks of CDC's and the senescent processes that may underlie them in cross-cultural research. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Effect of Rosuvastatin on Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Nondiabetic Renal Transplant RecipientsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 6 2009A. Sharif Interventions to attenuate abnormal glycemia posttransplantation are required. In addition, surrogate markers of declining glycemic control are valuable. Statins may have pleiotropic properties that attenuate abnormal glucose metabolism. We hypothesized statins would improve glucose metabolism and HbA1c would be advantageous as a surrogate for worsening glycemia. We conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, crossover study in 20 nondiabetic renal transplant recipients at low risk for NODAT and compared effects of rosuvastatin on insulin secretion/sensitivity. Mathematical model analysis of an intravenous glucose tolerance test determined first-phase insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and disposition index. Second-phase insulin secretion was determined with a meal tolerance test. Biochemical/clinical parameters were also assessed. Rosuvastatin significantly improved total cholesterol (,30%, p < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (,44%, p < 0.001) and triglycerides (,19%, p = 0.013). C-reactive protein decreased but failed to achieve statistical significance (,31%, p = 0.097). Rosuvastatin failed to influence any glycemic physiological parameter, although an inadequate timeframe to allow pleiotropic mechanisms to clinically manifest raises the possibility of a type II statistical error. On multivariate analysis, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) correlated with disposition index (R2= 0.201, p = 0.006), first-phase insulin secretion (R2= 0.106, p = 0.049) and insulin sensitivity (R2= 0.136, p = 0.029). Rosuvastatin fails to modify glucose metabolism in low-risk patients posttransplantation but HbA1c is a useful surrogate for declining glycemic control. [source] | ||||||||||