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Gland Tissue (gland + tissue)
Kinds of Gland Tissue Selected AbstractsTissue Integration of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel: An Experimental Study of Periurethral, Perivesical, and Mammary Gland Tissue in the PigDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2008DMSC, LISE H. CHRISTENSEN MD BACKGROUND Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) is a nondegradable water-based polymer with high viscoelasticity. The gel is used as a tissue filler, the only risk being prolonged infection with anaerobic, contaminating microorganisms if not treated early with broad-spectrum antibiotics. OBJECTIVE With silicone gel as reference, PAAG tissue integration and migration was studied in a longitudinal study of the pig. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one pigs were used. PAAG and silicone gel were injected into mammary tissue, and PAAG was injected into urethral or bladder wall or the anal canal. Tissues and regional lymph nodes were examined at 1, 1 1/2, 3, 3 1/2, 6, 12, and 14 months, and other lymph nodes and organs were examined at 1, 6, 12, and 14 months. RESULTS PAAG was invaded by macrophages and giant cells that were gradually replaced by a network of fibrous tissue. Silicone gel was seen inside these cells or as large vacuoles, surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Regional lymph nodes contained PAAG only at 1 1/2 months and silicone gel at 12 months. CONCLUSION PAAG is a stable, viscoelastic bulking agent, which unlike silicone gel is slowly integrated within its host tissue via a thin fibrous network. Long-term risk of fibrosis and migration is minimal. [source] Unsuspected systemic amyloidosis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration of the salivary gland: Case reportDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Ph.D., Tamar Giorgadze M.D. Abstract Amyloidosis of the head and neck region may represent a local amyloidoma or a manifestation of systemic disease. Involvement of major salivary glands by either primary or secondary forms of amyloidosis is very rare. We describe a case of systemic amyloidosis that initially presented as submandibular gland mass and was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A 69-year-old male presented with submandibular mass. His past medical history was significant for left forearm melanoma that was excised 6 years ago and tricuspid valve endocarditis after valvular replacement 3 months prior to FNA of the submandibular gland. The patient had no symptoms or clinical and laboratory data suggestive of amyloidosis. FNA specimen showed salivary gland tissue and abundant amorphous material, which stained positive for amyloid with Congo red stain and showed typical birefringence when examined by polarized microscopy. Further workup of the patient revealed generalized amyloidosis with multiorgan involvement by the disease. This case demonstrates that FNA can be a useful technique in the diagnosis of unsuspected amyloidosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:57,59. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pitx1 and Pitx2c are required for ectopic cement gland formation in xenopus laevisGENESIS: THE JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2001Axel Schweickert Abstract Summary: The mucus secreting cement gland is the anterior-most ectodermal organ of the Xenopus embryo. The homeobox genes Pltx1 and Pitx2c are expressed in the cement gland primordium. Misexpression of both genes induced ectopic cement gland tissue in whole embryos and transcription of the marker genes Xag1 and Xag2 in animal cap explant cultures. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against Pitx1 and Pitx2c inhibited ectopic cement gland formation induced by otx2. Gene knock downs generated by morpholino oligonucleotides were specific and could be rescued by coinjection of Pitx mRNAs. These data demonstrate for the first time the requirement of specific genes for cement gland formation by loss-of-function experiments. genesis 30:144,148, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Stensen's duct: A case report and review of the literatureHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 9 2005Roland Giger MD Abstract Background. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Stensen's duct is a rare neoplasm, with only five cases reported in the literature. Methods. We report another case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Stensen's duct and review the literature. Results. Stensen's duct neoplasms tend to be symptomatic at an early stage by causing an obstruction of the parotid duct. New imaging techniques such as MR sialography and sialoendoscopy are very helpful in diagnosis and patient management. Conclusions. Although the rarity of this condition prevents definitive conclusions about the optimal treatment, we propose that Stensen's duct neoplasms should be treated like similar neoplasms occurring in the parotid gland tissue, taking into consideration clinical stage, tumor grade, and surgical margins. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX,XXX, 2005 [source] Molecular characterization of two novel milk proteins in the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans)INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010G. Yang Abstract Purpose: Milk proteins are an essential component of viviparous reproduction in the tsetse fly. Milk proteins are synthesized in and secreted from the milk gland tissue and constitute 50% of the secretions from which the intrauterine larva derives its nourishment. To understand milk protein function and regulation during viviparous reproduction, milk proteins need to be identified and characterized. Methods: Two putative unknown secretory proteins (GmmMGP2 and GmmMGP3) were selected by bioinformatic analysis of tissue specific tsetse cDNA libraries. RT-PCR analysis was performed to verify their milk gland/fat body specific expression profile. Detailed characterization of developmental and tissue specific expression of these proteins was performed by northern blot analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Functional analysis of the milk gland proteins during the tsetse gonotrophic cycle was performed using RNA interference (RNAi). Results: The predicted proteins from gmmmgp2 and gmmmgp3 are small ,22 kD and contain a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids and potential phosphorylation sites. Expression of both genes is tissue specific to the secretory cells of the milk gland. Transcript abundance for both genes increases over the course of intrauterine larval development and parallels that of gmmmgp, a well characterized milk protein gene considered to be the major milk protein. Phenotypic analysis of flies after RNA interference treatment revealed a significant effect upon fecundity in the gmmmgp2 knockdown flies, but not the gmmmgp3 flies. Knockdown of gmmmgp2 resulted in disruption of ovulation and consequent oocyte accumulation and degradation. Gmmmgp2 knockdown also had a significant impact on fly mortality. Conclusions: This work identifies two novel genes, the proteins of which appear to function in response to intrauterine larvigenesis in tsetse. These proteins may be nutritional components of the milk secretions provided to the larva from the mother. Phenotypic data from knockdown of gmmmgp2 suggests that this protein may also have a regulatory function given the defect in ovulation observed in knockdown flies. Further analysis of these genes will be important (in conjunction with other milk proteins) for identification of transcriptional regulation mechanisms that direct milk gland/pregnancy specific gene expression. [source] Follicular dendritic cells confirm lymphoid organization in the minor salivary glands of primary Sjögren's syndromeJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2008Malin V. Jonsson Background:, Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. The aim of this study was to explore immunophenotypic features of chronic inflammatory reactions in the minor salivary glands in patients with primary SS (pSS). Methods:, Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded labial minor salivary gland tissue sections from randomly selected patients with pSS (n = 60) were investigated for the expression of CD21, CD23, CD35 and IgD by immunohistochemistry. Results:, Based on the distribution and staining pattern of CD21, CD23, CD35 and IgD in lymphoid aggregates, several stages of chronic inflammatory reactions were observed. In 12/60 (20%) patients, lymphoid infiltrates with germinal centre (GC)-like features such as extensive networks of CD21-, CD23- and CD35-positive cells were observed in the minor salivary gland tissue. Smaller networks and,/or focal infiltrates with scattered CD21+, CD23+ and CD35+ cells were observed in the remaining 48/60 (80,%) cases. When dividing patients according to the presence (GC+) or the absence (GC,) of GC in the minor salivary glands, the mean focus score was significantly higher in the GC+ patients (P < 0.05). Double staining of the minor salivary glands revealed focal infiltrates with follicular dentritic cell networks and B cells resembling normal GCs in tonsillar tissue. Conclusion:, A particular cellular profile was demonstrated in a sub-group of patients with pSS and could be linked to serological aberrations. These findings warrant further prospective studies. [source] Association of hepatocyte growth factor expression with salivary gland tumor differentiationPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2003Keiichi Tsukinoki To clarify the significance of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression in salivary gland tumors, HGF distribution in tissue sections and HGF concentrations in saliva and serum were examined. Sixty salivary gland adenomas, 61 salivary gland carcinomas and three autopsy fetuses were studied. Hepatocyte growth factor expression was observed in the duct-type luminal cells by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. However, HGF failed to be expressed in acinar cells and myoepithelium of normal salivary gland tissue. Hepatocyte growth factor tended to be expressed more intensely in benign salivary gland tumors than in malignant salivary gland tumors (P < 0.0001). In highly malignant tumors, the expression was limited in some cases. Salivary and serological HGF concentrations of 18 patients, comprised of 12 benign cases and six malignant cases, were analyzed before and after operation by an ELISA system. The concentrations were distinctly elevated after operation, in both saliva and serum, compared to before operation (P < 0.0005). However, there were no significant relationships between HGF concentration and histology, age, gender, size or location. Our findings suggest that HGF may play an important role in the development of salivary ducts of normal salivary tissues and differentiation of ductal structures of their neoplasms, while HGF kinetics in saliva and serum would be less likely to reflect the neoplastic character, benign or malignant. [source] Secretion of Prolactin and Growth Hormone in Relation to Ovarian Activity in the DogREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 3-4 2001HS Kooistra In pregnant bitches an apparent increase in plasma prolactin concentrations is observed during the second half of pregnancy, mean plasma prolactin concentrations peak on the day of parturition, fall for the next 24,48 h and then rise again. During lactation, high plasma prolactin concentrations are observed. Plasma prolactin levels in non-pregnant bitches appear to be lower than in pregnant animals, particularly in the last part of the luteal phase. Pulsatile secretion of prolactin has been observed during the luteal phase and mid-anoestrus. Progression of the luteal phase is found to be associated with an increase in prolactin release. The association of a strong increase of prolactin release and a decrease of plasma progesterone concentrations has also been demonstrated in overtly pseudopregnant bitches. Elevated prolactin secretion during progression of the luteal phase in the bitch may play a role in mammogenesis and is important because of the luteotrophic action of prolactin. Acromegaly is a syndrome of tissue overgrowth and insulin resistance due to excessive growth hormone (GH) production. In the bitch, acromegaly can be induced either by endogenous progesterone or by exogenous progestagens. Progestagen-induced GH production in this species originates from foci of hyperplastic ductular epithelium of the mammary gland. Pulsatile secretion of GH has been observed in normal cyclic bitches. In contrast with the pulsatile GH secretion seen in healthy dogs, the progestagen-induced plasma GH levels in bitches with acromegaly do not have a pulsatile secretion pattern. Just as with prolactin, the plasma progesterone levels influence the secretion pattern of GH in the bitch. The pulsatile secretion pattern of GH changes during the progression of the luteal phase in healthy cyclic bitches, with higher basal GH secretion and less GH being secreted in pulses during the first part of the luteal phase. The progesterone-induced GH production may promote the proliferation and differentiation of mammary gland tissue during the luteal phase of the bitch by local autocrine/paracrine effects and may exert endocrine effects. [source] Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcriptase,Polymerase Chain Reaction as Methods for Diagnostic Determination of Usher Syndrome Type IIa,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 7 2004Edward Cohn Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Patients having null mutations in the USH2A gene do not produce usherin and therefore are not positive for immunohistochemical staining of the usherin protein. Thus, immunostaining for usherin can serve as a reliable diagnostic tool for Usher syndrome type IIa. Study Design: Prospective. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for usherin was carried out in basement membrane of minor salivary gland tissue from subjects with confirmed Usher syndrome type IIa and from archival minor salivary gland tissue from patients without Usher syndrome as control samples. Quantitative usherin messenger RNA analysis was performed using minor salivary gland biopsy tissue. Results: Five subjects with Usher syndrome type IIa had no immunostaining in minor salivary gland tissue, whereas control minor salivary gland tissue did stain with usherin antibody. No usherin RNA was detected in biopsy specimens from patients with confirmed Usher syndrome IIa. Conclusion: The feasibility was confirmed of diagnosing Usher syndrome type IIa using purified usherin antibody in subjects having two null USH2A mutations. [source] Histopathology of Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Parotid Gland: A Prospective Unselected Series of 100 Cases,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 12 2001Eberhard Stennert MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis Histopathological characteristics of pleomorphic adenomas, especially of capsular alterations such as thin capsule areas, capsule-free regions, capsule penetration, satellite nodules, and pseudopodia in the different subtypes, are described. Study Design Prospective unselected series of 100 consecutive cases from 1997 to 2000. Methods Light microscopic examination and semiquantitative analysis of the pleomorphic adenomas. Results Fifty-one (51%) pleomorphic adenomas were classified as myxoid (stroma-rich) type, 35 (35%) specimens as cellular type, and 14 (14%) as classic subtype. Ninety-seven percent of all tumors showed areas with thin (<20 ,m) capsule independent of the tumor subtype. Tumors of myxoid subtype showed the absolute greatest regions of a thin capsule. Especially, tumors of myxoid type (71%) often had a distinct focal absence of encapsulation with tumor merging into normal parotid gland tissue; 11% of the cellular subtype and 43% of the classic subtype presented capsule-free areas. Thirty-three percent of the myxoid pleomorphic adenomas, 23% of the cellular subtype, and 21% of the classic subtype had satellite nodules or pseudopodia. Conclusions Almost all pleomorphic adenomas have focally thin capsules. One-fourth of all pleomorphic adenomas contain abnormalities such as satellite nodules or pseudopodia. More than two-thirds of pleomorphic adenomas of the myxoid (stroma-rich) subtype and at least half of all tumors show a focal absence of the capsule. Therefore, enucleation or local dissection of the pleomorphic adenoma is not a sufficient surgical treatment of this special tumor entity. We recommend, depending on the location of the tumor, a lateral or total parotidectomy as the treatment of choice. [source] Ultrastructural Morphometry of Mammary Gland in Transgenic and Non-transgenic RabbitsANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 6 2006S. Dragin Summary The mammary gland of transgenic animals has been used for the production of recombinant proteins of therapeutic and nutraceutical use. The objective of this study was to compare the ultrastructure of transgenic and non-transgenic rabbit mammary gland tissue. New Zealand White transgenic rabbits were obtained by breeding non-transgenic rabbits with transgenic founder rabbits containing a whey acidic protein-human factor VIII (WAP-hFVIII) transgene integrated into their genome. Samples of mammary gland tissue from lactating rabbit females were isolated by surgical procedures. These samples were examined by optical and electron microscopy and photographs were taken. Measurements of ultrastructural organelles were made from digital images of the mammary cells. No differences were found in the cellular structure of mammary tissue, but significant differences t(0.001) in the relative volume of mitochondria and vacuoles between transgenic and non-transgenic mammary gland epithelium were observed. [source] Selective sweat gland removal with minimal skin excision in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: a retrospective clinical and histological review of 15 patientsBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006C.M. Lawrence Summary Background, Limited axillary skin excision and selective sweat gland removal from adjacent skin (Shelley's procedure) is currently rarely used for hyperhidrosis. Objectives, To determine whether this technique is a good way of permanently reducing axillary sweating. Methods, This was a prospective, open, nonrandomized trial of the therapy, conducted in a university dermatology department. A small skin ellipse, parallel to the skin crease lines, was excised from the centre of the area of maximal sweating. The wound edges were undermined to the extent of maximal sweating and the skin reflected. Large visible sweat glands attached to the undersurface of the adjacent skin could be readily identified and were snipped off using scissors. We treated 15 axillae in eight patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. Sweat reduction was assessed by the patients who estimated the percentage reduction in sweating postoperatively. The scar appearance was graded by the surgeon. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained transverse sections of eight axillary skin ellipses from five subjects were examined histologically to establish the size, position and depth of the sweat gland tissue. Results, All of the patients responded to treatment: mean sweat reduction was 65% (range 40,90%). Mean follow up was 1·3 years (range 0·1,6) and sweat reduction was maintained over this period. Histological material was available from five patients: sweat glands lay slightly deeper than hair follicles; glandular tissue occupied an average thickness of 3·5 mm in the 5-mm thick piece of skin. Apocrine gland lobules were more numerous and larger than eccrine gland lobules. Both gland types were in close apposition and did not occupy distinctly different depths within the skin. Conclusions, Local surgery using limited axillary skin excision and selective sweat gland removal remains one of the safest ways of permanently reducing axillary sweating. [source] Expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 and of MIB-1 in patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid glandCANCER, Issue 8 2002Afina S. Glas M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland are difficult to manage without considerable risk of facial nerve injury. The prognostic significance of progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER) reported in these adenomas was evaluated in patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenomas, comparing the results in a group of patients with primary adenomas without recurrences during 10 years of follow-up. METHODS Paraffin embedded tumor samples from 52 patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland were collected and stained immunohistochemically. Expression of PR, ER, Ki-67 antigen, and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1) was analyzed in resected samples of recurrent tumors and was compared with samples from a control group of patients with primary pleomorphic adenoma. RESULTS A difference (P < 0.05) in the type of tumor was observed between the recurrent group (more cell-poor variants) and the control group. ER expression was low in both groups (19% and 17%, respectively), but immunoreactivity for ER was higher (48%) in normal parotid gland tissue. PR expression in the recurrent group (96%) was higher compared with PR expression in the control group (61%; P < 0.001). PR expression and IGFR-1 expression were correlated weakly (correlation coefficient = 0.660; P = 0.053) in the recurrent group. The expression of growth fraction (Ki-67 score) and IGFR-1 was similar in both groups but was more extensive compared with normal parotid gland tissue. CONCLUSIONS PR seems to be a prognostic factor in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. The PR pathway can be considered a potential target for hormone treatment in patients with these recurrent adenomas. Cancer 2002;94:2211,16. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10445 [source] 3461: Lacrimal gland: non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in Denmark 1974-2007ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010S HEEGAARD Purpose To evaluate patient characteristics and incidence of lacrimal gland lesions in Denmark during the period 1974-2007. Methods All biopsied/surgically removed lacrimal gland lesions collected by the Danish pathological departments during the period 1974-2007 were identified by SNOMED codes. In each case age, gender, symptoms, clinical findings, treatment and follow-up were registered. All tumours were re-classified according to latest guidelines from WHO. Results 229 lacrimal gland lesions from 209 patients were identified during the 34-year period. In the study period 7 cases/year were registered (1.3 cases/million/year). Non-neoplastic lesions predominated with a total of 114 (50 %) with the most frequent being inflammation 63 (55%), normal lacrimal gland tissue 28 (25%) and dacryops 23 (20%). Benign tumours comprised a total of 45 (20%) with the most frequent tumour being pleomorphic adenoma 31 (69%). Malignant tumours constituted a total of 70 (31%). 52 (74%) of these were primary tumours, 9 (13%) were secondary invading tumours, 8 (11%) were local recurrences and 1 (1%) was a distant metastasis. Primary malignant tumours comprised malignant lymphoma 25 (48%) and malignant epithelial tumours 27 (52%). The most frequent malignant tumour was adenoid cystic carcinoma comprising 14 (27%) of the primary malignant tumours. Conclusion Lacrimal gland lesions are rare and primarily benign. Treatment of malignant lacrimal gland tumours should be considered a specialist treatment. [source] Occurrence of lacrimal gland tissue outside the lacrimal fossa: comparison of clinical and histopathological findingsACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 1 2005Ghassan Ayish Alyahya Abstract. Purpose:,To analyse clinical referral diagnoses and the location of lesions with histologically verified lacrimal gland tissue occurring outside the fossa of the lacrimal gland. Methods:,Sections of lesions excised from areas outside the fossa of the lacrimal gland containing lacrimal gland tissue on histological examination were collected from the files of the Eye Pathology Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. Specimens spanned a period of 50 years. Sections were re-examined and referral data on location and clinical diagnosis were compared with histological findings. Results:,A total of 120 lesions were collected. Of these, 59 (49%) consisted of prolapsed lacrimal gland. The remaining 61 (51%) lesions contained ectopic lacrimal gland tissue, either as part of a complex choristoma in 38 (32%) cases, or as solitary ectopic lacrimal gland tissue in 23 (19%) cases. The majority (97; 81%) of lesions had been located at the temporal epibulbar conjunctiva and included mainly prolapsed lacrimal gland and complex choristoma. The clinical referral diagnoses covered a wide spectrum of lesions. The most frequent clinical diagnoses were non-specific tumour (35%), non-specific cyst (18%) and dermoid (11%). Of the 61 lesions containing ectopic lacrimal gland tissue, only two had been preoperatively diagnosed as such and only two of the 59 lesions with prolapsed lacrimal gland had been correctly diagnosed. Conclusions:,Prolapsed palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland was the most common lesion and, as expected, the prime location was the temporal conjunctiva. Despite this location, the referring clinical diagnosis was often wrong or non-specific. Surgeons seem to have been unaware of the various clinical manifestations of extrafossal glandular tissue, particularly when excising lesions in the upper temporal region of the conjunctiva. Surgical intervention in this location may jeopardize the excretory ducts of the lacrimal gland and may consequently lead to dry eye and thus should be avoided when the typical clinical appearance of prolapsed lacrimal gland is encountered. [source] IGF-1 and insulin receptor expression in the minor salivary gland tissues of Sjögren's syndrome and mucoceles , immunohistochemical studyORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2003J Katz OBJECTIVE:,To investigate the expression of IGF-1 receptors and insulin receptors on the minor salivary gland (MSG) tissues of patients diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and normal salivary gland tissue surrounding mucoceles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:,Five MSG tissue sections from SS and seven from mucocele patients were stained immunohistochemically using antibody to IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor in a horse radish peroxidase and DAB system. RESULTS:,The expression of the insulin receptor was increased in the SS sections compared with controls, while the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor was more intensely expressed in the controls. CONCLUSION:,The presence of differential expression of receptors for IGF and insulin might suggest a possible role of these growth factors in the pathogenesis of SS. [source] Characteristics of Rabbit Transgenic Mammary Gland Expressing Recombinant Human Factor VIIIANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 1 2009P. Chrenek Summary The objective of this research was to compare (i) the content of milk protein and recombinant human factor VIII (rhFVIII) in the milk of transgenic and non-transgenic rabbit females at three lactations and (ii) histological structure, ultrastructural morphology and occurrence of apoptosis in rabbit transgenic and non-transgenic mammary gland during third lactation and involution. Significant differences (t0.05) in milk protein content were found between transgenic and non-transgenic at all three lactations. The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly higher (t0.01) in non-transgenic ones compared with transgenic mammary gland tissues (6.5% versus 2.4%) taken at the involution stage. Morphometrical analysis of histological preparations at the involution stage detected a significantly higher (t0.05) relative volume of lumen in transgenic animals compared with non-transgenic ones (60.00 versus 46.51%). Ultrastructural morphology of the transgenic mammary gland epithelium at the involution stage revealed an increased relative volume of protein globules (t0.05); at the lactation stage, a significantly higher volume of mitochondria (13.8%) compared with the non-transgenic (9.8%) ones was observed. These results, although revealing differences in some parameters of ultrastructure and histology, indicate no harmful effect of the mouse whey acid protein-hFVIII transgene expression on the state of mammary gland of transgenic rabbit females. [source] Characterization of the porcine melanocortin 2 receptor gene (MC2R,)ANIMAL GENETICS, Issue 6 2002K. Jacobs A porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, containing the melanocortin 2 receptor gene (MC2R) was isolated. The complete coding sequence of the MC2R gene, contained in 1 exon, was determined. Polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was performed on a 241-bp coding fragment. An AluI polymorphism, detecting a silent mutation, was found and typed on unrelated animals of five different pig breeds. The Meishan, Piétrain and Large White breeds differ significantly in allele frequencies from the Landrace and Czech Meat Pig breeds. The melanocortin 5 receptor gene (MC5R) was detected by PCR in the same BAC clone, as could be expected from the human and porcine mapping data. PCR-SSCP was performed on a 200-bp coding of MC5R, but no polymorphisms were detected. The BAC clone was mapped to Sscr6q27 by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A (CA)n microsatellite (SGU0002), isolated from the BAC, was localized on chromosome 6 by RH mapping near marker SW1473 and by linkage mapping on the MARC reference family at the same position as the marker SW2173 (97 cM). Allele frequencies, heterozygosity and polymorphism information contents (PIC) values were calculated for the five different pig breeds examined. The transcription of both genes in porcine liver, heart, kidney, fat, brain, pancreas, stomach, bladder, ovaries, lung, spleen, skin, adrenal gland and muscle tissues was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Transcription was detected in skin and adrenal gland tissues for MC2R, while a positive signal was detected for MC5R in kidney, fat, pancreas, skin, adrenal gland and spleen tissues. [source] MUC-1 mucin in normal human salivary glands detected by HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 monoclonal antibodies,APMIS, Issue 2 2008SANTA PONCE-BRAVO The aim of this study was to determine the immunoexpression of normal salivary gland cells using two human milk fat globule membrane protein antibodies (HMFG-1 and HMFG-2). Paraffin-embedded, 5 ,m-thick slides from parotid and submandibular gland tissues were cut and immunostained with monoclonal antibodies HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 against MUC1 protein. HMFG antigens were found in secretory epithelial cells and ductal cells lining the striated and intercalated ducts in the intraductal secretion material, and sometimes in the myoepithelial cells. Our results suggest that HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 proteins may play a role in normal salivary gland function, mainly in the manufacturing and secretion of saliva. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||