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Gingivitis Patients (gingivitis + patient)

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Selected Abstracts

Effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidant capacity

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Nurcan Buduneli
Abstract Aim: This study evaluated possible effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidants in gingivitis patients. Methods: Twenty otherwise healthy gingivitis patients (10 self-reported smokers) and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled in the study. Whole saliva samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained at baseline and one month following initial phase of treatment in gingivitis patients. Salivary cotinine, glutathione and ascorbic acid concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were determined, and the data generated were tested by non-parametric tests. Results: Salivary cotinine measurements resulted in re-classification of three self-reported non-smokers as smokers. Smoker patients revealed significantly higher probing depths but lower bleeding values than non-smoker patients (p=0.044 and 0.001, respectively). Significant reductions in clinical recordings were obtained in non-smoker (all p<0.05) and smoker (all p<0.01) patients following periodontal treatment. Salivary total glutathione concentrations were reduced following therapy in gingivitis patients who smoke (p<0.01). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in biochemical parameters at baseline or following treatment (p>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, neither smoking nor gingival inflammation compromised the antioxidant capacity of saliva in systemically healthy gingivitis patients. [source]

The defensive role of lysozyme in human gingiva in inflammatory periodontal disease

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2009
R. Younes
Background and Objective:, The presence of lysozyme in human gingiva has not previously been demonstrated. In this study, we looked for evidence for the potential role of lysozyme as a protector of gingival elastic fibres. The objective of this study was also to determine the ex vivo susceptibility to hydrolysis of gingival elastic fibres from patients with or without periodontal disease by human leukocyte elastase and by human cathepsin G. Materials and Methods:, Using gingival tissue sections from eight control, 10 gingivitis and 10 periodontitis patients, we evaluated the area fraction occupied by gingival elastic fibres (after selective staining) by the use of automated image analysis. In the ex vivo experiments, serial tissue sections from four control, four gingivitis, four young periodontitis and four aged periodontitis patients were submitted to the action of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G, after which enzymatic activities were determined by image analysis. Indirect immunodetection of lysozyme was also done on tissue sections for all patients included in this study. Results:, Large variations of the area fraction occupied by elastic fibres were observed in human gingiva from young and aged patients with and without periodontal disease. In control and gingivitis patients, leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G had high comparable elastin solubilizing activities. With young and aged periodontitis patients, the two serine proteinases had weak elastin solubilizing activities. Lysozyme appeared to be present at the periphery of gingival elastic fibres in periodontitis patients. Conclusion:, Lysozyme can be considered an important natural protector of elastic fibres in pathological gingiva. [source]

Periodontitis lesions are the main source of salivary cytomegalovirus

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
ahin
Background:, Herpesviruses play causal or cooperative roles in childhood infections, tumorigenesis, ulcerogenesis, and periodontitis. Saliva is a common vehicle of herpesvirus horizontal transmission, but the source of salivary herpesviruses remains obscure. To evaluate the significance of periodontal disease in shedding of oral herpesviruses, this study determined the genome-copy counts of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) in whole saliva of subjects with periodontitis, gingivitis, or no natural teeth. Methods:, Whole saliva was collected from 14 periodontitis patients, 15 gingivitis patients and 13 complete denture wearers. The study subjects were systemically healthy and had not received periodontal treatment in the past 3 months. Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the salivary load of HCMV and EBV. Results:, Salivary HCMV was detected in seven (50%) periodontitis patients, but not in any gingivitis or edentulous subjects (P < 0.001). Salivary EBV was detected in 11 (79%) periodontitis patients, in five (33%) gingivitis patients, and in seven (54%) edentulous subjects (P = 0.076). Salivary samples showed copy counts of HCMV in the range of 3.3 × 103,4.2 × 104/ml and of EBV in the range of 3.6 × 102,1.6 × 109/ml. Conclusions:, HCMV and EBV are commonly present in the saliva of periodontitis patients. Periodontitis lesions of systemically healthy subjects seem to constitute the main origin of salivary HCMV, but do not comprise the sole source of salivary EBV. [source]

Increased interleukin-18 in gingival crevicular fluid from periodontitis patients

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
C. M. Figueredo
Introduction:, This study aimed to measure the levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in inflamed shallow sites and inflamed deep sites in patients with periodontitis and to compare the data with results from inflamed shallow sites in patients with gingivitis. A secondary aim was to examine the composition of the subgingival microbiota in the sampled sites. Methods:, Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from five gingivitis sites and five periodontitis sites from 18 patients with chronic periodontitis, and from five gingivitis sites from 15 patients with gingivitis. Samples from each site category were pooled and IL-18 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The subgingival microbiota was analyzed by checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization. Results:, All clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid volumes were higher in periodontitis sites compared with gingivitis sites from patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. The total amount of IL-18 was higher in periodontitis sites than gingivitis sites in both periodontitis (P = 0.018) and gingivitis (P = 0.002) patients and was higher in gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients than in those from gingivitis patients (P = 0.015). There were higher levels of Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola (red complex species) in periodontitis sites compared with gingivitis sites in both the periodontitis and gingivitis patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion:, Levels of IL-18 were higher in patients with chronic periodontitis compared with patients with gingivitis, even at sites with similar pocket depths. The presence of similar levels of red complex species in gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients and from gingivitis patients suggested that the higher levels of IL-18 were not associated with a different microbial challenge. [source]

Distribution of fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subjects with various periodontal conditions

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
C. G. Missailidis
Fimbria encoded by the gene fimA is considered one of the main factors in the colonization of the oral cavity by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Allelic variation in fimA led to the classification of strains of P. gingivalis into six genotypes. The occurrence of P. gingivalis was determined by polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA primers in 302 subgingival samples obtained from 102 Brazilian subjects exhibiting different periodontal conditions. Distribution of fimA genotypes was assessed in 146 P. gingivalis positive samples by polymerase chain reaction using primers pairs homologous to the different fimA genes. P. gingivalis was detected in 51 of 57 (89.4%) patients with periodontal attachment loss, in six of 20 gingivitis patients (30.0%) and in two of 25 (8.0%) subjects with a healthy periodontium. Variant type II was the only type detected in 53 sites (39.3%), distributed among 19 periodontitis patients (37.3%) and in one patient with no periodontal destruction. Type Ib was the second most prevalent genotype in periodontitis patients (19.6%). Genotype V was not detected in the studied population. Type IV was the most commonly type found among gingivitis patients, either alone or in combination with other genotypes. Multiple genotypes were detected in nine sites (6.1%). A fimA genotype was not identified in 26 sites (17.8%) of 146 sites positive for P. gingivalis, suggesting that other alleles of fimA not yet sequenced may be prevalent in this population. These data demonstrated that P. gingivalis type II strains followed by type Ib are more prevalent in periodontitis patients from a multiracial population in Brazil, suggesting an increased pathogenic potential of these types. [source]