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Gingival Tissues (gingival + tissue)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences98%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Periodontology51%
Oral Sciences & Technology13%
8 Other Subdomains36%

Kinds of Gingival Tissues

  • healthy gingival tissue
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    Terms modified by Gingival Tissues

  • gingival tissue sample
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    Selected Abstracts

    HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from chronic adult periodontitis patients

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
    A case, control study
    Abstract Background: Recent reports have suggested that various herpesviruses may be involved in the occurrence and progression of different forms of periodontal disease. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of the novel herpesviruses HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis. As control, gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy subjects were analysed. Materials and methods: Gingival biopsies were harvested from 23 volunteers: 13 patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis (CAP) and 10 periodontally healthy subjects. Each CAP patient contributed two biopsies involving the epithelium and connective tissue facing the sulcus/periodontal pockets: one biopsy from a site having a probing pocket depth (PPD) 5 mm and presenting with bleeding upon probing (affected site) at the time of biopsy collection, and the other biopsy from a site with PPD3 mm and without bleeding on probing (nonaffected site). After DNA extraction, nested PCR was used in herpesvirus identification. Results: HHV-6 DNA sequences were detected in one non-affected site (8%) and no affected sites (0%) of CAP patients. One biopsy (10%) in healthy subjects revealed HHV-6 positivity. Tissue specimens in 10/13 CAP patients (77%) and 7/10 healthy subjects (70%) contained HHV-7 DNA. HHV-7 prevalence in affected and nonaffected sites of CAP patients was 77% and 54%, respectively. HHV-8 was detected in 7.7% of CAP patients and 0% of healthy subjects. Conclusions: Gingival tissue may act as a reservoir for HHV-7. A high prevalence of HHV-7 was detected in both periodontally diseased and healthy individuals. The prevalence of HHV-6 and -8 was similarly low in both groups. Our data do not support an association of investigated herpesvirus species with destructive periodontal disease. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Kürzliche Studien haben angedeutet, dass verschiedene Herpesviren bei der Entstehung und Progression verschiedener Formen der parodontalen Erkrankungen involviert sein könnten. Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung einer Präsenz von neuen Herpesviren HHV-6, HHV-7 und HHV-8 in gingivalen Biopsien von Patienten mit chronischer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis. Als Kontrollen dienten gingivale Biopsien von parodontal gesunden Personen. Material und Methoden: Gingivale Biopsien wurden von 23 Freiwilligen, 13 Patienten mit chronischer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis (CAP) und 10 parodontal gesunden Personen gesammelt. Von jedem CAP Patient wurden zwei Biopsien mit Epithel und Bindegewebe von der parodontalen Tasche genommen: eine Biopsie von einer Fläche mit einer Sondierungstiefe (PPD) , 5 mm und positiver Provokationsblutung (geschädigte Fläche) zur Zeit der Biopsieentnahme, die andere Biopsie von einer Fläche mit einer PPD , 3 mm und ohne Provokationsblutung (nicht geschädigte Fläche). Nach der DNA-Extraktion wurde die PCR zur Virusidentifikation benutzt. Ergebnisse: HHV-6 DNA-Sequenzen wurden in einer nicht geschädigten Fläche gefunden (8 %) und bei keiner geschädigten Fläche (0 %) von CAP-Patienten. Eine Biopsie (10 %) bei gesunden Personen war HHV-6 positiv. Gewebeproben von 10/13 CAP Patienten (77 %) und von 7/10 gesunden Personen (70 %) enthielten HHV-7 DNA. Die HHV-7 Prävalenz in geschädigten und nicht geschädigten Flächen von CAP Patienten war 77 % und 54 %. HHV-8 wurde in 7,7 % der CAP Patienten und bei 0 % der gesunden Personen gefunden. Zusammenfassung: Gingivales Gewebe kann als Reservoir für HHV-7 dienen. Eine hohe Prävalenz von HHV-7 wurde sowohl bei parodontal erkrankten als auch bei gesunden Personen gefunden. Das Vorkommen von HHV-6 und HHV-8 war in beiden Gruppen ähnlich. Unsere Daten unterstützen eine Beziehung der untersuchten Herpesviren mit destruierenden parodontalen Erkrankungen nicht. Résumé Des rapports récents ont suggéré que différents virus de l'herpès pouvaient être associés à l'apparition et la progression de différentes formes de la maladie parodontale. Le but de l'étude présente a été d'analyser la présence des virus herpétiques HHV-6, HHV-7 et HHV-8 dans des biopsies gingivales provenant de patients atteints de parodontite chronique de l'adulte. Comme contrôle, des biopsies gingivales de patients sains du point de vue parodontal ont été analysées. Des biopsies gingivales ont été prélevées de 23 volontaires, 13 souffrant de parodontite chronique (CAP) et 10 sains. Chaque patient CAP procuraient deux biopsies comprenant l'épithélium et le tissu conjonctif en face des poches parodontales/sillons : une biopsie provenant d'un site avec une profondeur de poche au sondage (PPD) 5mm et présentant un saignement au sondage (site touché) au moment du prélèvement de la biopsie, l'autre biopsie provenait d'un site avec PPD 3 mm sans saignement au sondage (site sain). Après extraction de l'ADN le PCR a été utilisé pour l'identification des virus herpétiques. Des séquences ADN HHV-6 ont été détectées dans un site sain (8%) mais dans aucun site touché (0%) chez les patients CAP. Une biopsie (10%) chez les sujets sains était HHV-6 positive. Les spécimens tissulaires de dix des treize patients CAP (77%) et sept des dix patients sains (70%) avaient de l'ADNHHV-7. La fréquence globale de HHV-7 dans les sites sains et touchés des patients CAP étaient respectivement de 77 et 54 %. HHV-8 était détecté chez 7,7 % des patients CAP et 0% des patients sains. Le tissu gingival peut servir de réservoir au HHV-7. Une importante fréquence globale de HHV-7 était détectée tant chez les individus sains que chez ceux avec parodontite. La fréquence globale de HHV-6 et HHV-8 était pareillement faible dans les deux groupes. Ces données ne défendent pas la thèse d'une association des virus herpétiques étudiés à la maladie parodontale destructrice. [source]

    Enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity in gingival tissue and cultured fibroblasts from Down's syndrome patients

    ORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2001
    T Komatsu
    OBJECTIVES: To identify one of the possible factors responsible for periodontal disease in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) patients, we studied the enzyme activity and the mRNA expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of cultured gingival fibroblasts (GF) and fresh gingival tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gingival tissue was used as the cell source and was biopsied at the time of dental treatment from nine patients with Down's syndrome and nine non-Down's controls. GF were cultivated in serum-free media for analyses of their MMP activities at the transcription or the protein level. The MMP activities in the supernates were measured by gelatin impregnated zymography. Relative levels of MMP mRNA from the cultured GF or freshly isolated gingival tissues were determined using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT AND CONCLUSIONS: The production of the active type of MMP-2 in GF from Down's syndrome patients (D-GF) was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control GF (C-GF) at the protein level. The mRNA expressions of membrane-type1 MMP (MT1-MMP) and MMP-2 in D-GF were constitutively augmented when compared with those of C-GF. These findings suggest that specific increase of the active form of MMP-2 in D-GF may possibly be due to the concomitant expression of MT1-MMP in the cultured cells, and this could be related to the pathogenesis of gingivitis/periodontitis associated with Down's syndrome patients. [source]

    Cervical sympathectomy causes alveolar bone loss in an experimental rat model

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 6 2009
    Y. Kim
    Background and Objective:, Periodontal disease, a pathological destructive inflammatory condition, is characterized by alveolar bone loss. Recent studies have suggested a correlation between the sympathetic nervous system and bone remodeling. To confirm the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in bone resorption, we investigated the effects of superior cervical ganglionectomy and oral challenge with Porphyromonas gingivalis on alveolar bone loss in rats. Material and Methods:, Rats were divided into three groups: group A underwent a sham operation as the control group; group B underwent superior cervical ganglionectomy; and group C underwent a sham operation and oral challenge with P. gingivalis. Horizontal alveolar bone loss was evaluated by measuring the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest. Cytokine gene expression in the gingival tissues was assessed using reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction analyses. The furcation areas of the mandibular molars were examined histologically. Results:, Both superior cervical ganglionectomy and oral challenge with P. gingivalis resulted in accelerated alveolar bone loss. Gingival tissues in the superior cervical ganglionectomy group showed increased expression of the cytokines interleukin-1alfa, tumor necrosis factor-alfa and interleukin-6. The density of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers was decreased following superior cervical ganglionectomy. Osteoclasts were observed in the superior cervical ganglionectomy and P. gingivalis- challenged groups. Conclusion:, Both superior cervical ganglionectomy and oral challenge with P. gingivalis induced alveolar bone loss. These results provide new information on the occurrence of alveolar bone loss, in that both oral challenge with P. gingivalis and superior cervical ganglionectomy are important accelerating factors for alveolar bone loss. Thus, we suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is linked with the prevention of alveolar bone loss. [source]

    Selective Blockade of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Reduces Inflammatory Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontal Disease,,

    JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004
    Paloma Valverde
    Abstract The effects of the potassium channel (Kv1.3) blocker kaliotoxin on T-cell-mediated periodontal bone resorption were examined in rats. Systemic administration of kaliotoxin abrogated the bone resorption in conjunction with decreased RANKL mRNA expression by T-cells in gingival tissue. This study suggests a plausible therapeutic approach for inflammatory bone resorption by targeting Kv1.3. Introduction: Kv1.3 is a critical potassium channel to counterbalance calcium influx at T-cell receptor activation. It is not known if Kv1.3 also regulates RANKL expression by antigen-activated T-cells, and consequently affects in vivo bone resorption mediated by activated T-cells. Materials and Methods:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 29-kDa outer membrane protein-specific Th1-clone cells were used to evaluate the expression of Kv1.3 (using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] and Western blot analyses) and the effects of the potassium channel blocker kaliotoxin (0,100 nM) on T-cell activation parameters ([3H]thymidine incorporation assays and ELISA) and expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG; flow cytometry, Western blot, and RT-PCR analyses). A rat periodontal disease model based on the adoptive transfer of activated 29-kDa outer membrane protein-specific Th1 clone cells was used to analyze the effects of kaliotoxin in T-cell-mediated alveolar bone resorption and RANKL and OPG mRNA expression by gingival T-cells. Stimulated 29-kDa outer membrane protein-specific Th1 clone cells were transferred intravenously on day 0 to all animals used in the study (n = 7 animals per group). Ten micrograms of kaliotoxin were injected subcutaneously twice per day on days 0, 1, 2, and 3, after adoptive transfer of the T-cells. The control group of rats was injected with saline as placebo on the same days as injections for the kaliotoxin-treated group. The MOCP-5 osteoclast precursor cell line was used in co-culture studies with fixed 29-kDa outer membrane protein-specific Th1-clone cells to measure T-cell-derived RANKL-mediated effects on osteoclastogenesis and resorption pit formation assays in vitro. Statistical significance was evaluated by Student's t -test. Results: Kaliotoxin decreased T-cell activation parameters of 29-kDa outer membrane protein-specific Th1 clone cells in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, kaliotoxin administration resulted in an 84% decrease of the bone resorption induced in the saline-treated control group. T-cells recovered from the gingival tissue of kaliotoxin-treated rats displayed lower ratios of RANKL and OPG mRNA expression than those recovered from the control group. The ratio of RANKL and osteoprotegerin protein expression and induction of RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis by the activated T-cells were also markedly decreased after kaliotoxin treatments in vitro. Conclusion: The use of kaliotoxin or other means to block Kv1.3 may constitute a potential intervention therapy to prevent alveolar bone loss in periodontal disease. [source]

    Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease and diabetes: an immunohistochemical study

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
    Guendalina Lucarini
    Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between expression of angiogenic and regeneration markers and periodontal disease in subjects with/without diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD44 and CD133 was performed in 16 samples each of (1) healthy gingiva from non-diabetic subjects (controls), (2) gingiva from non-diabetic subjects with periodontitis, (3) gingiva from subjects with type 1 diabetes and periodontitis, (4) gingiva from subjects with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. Results: Diseased gingivae from patients with diabetes and periodontitis had greater clinical measures of periodontal disease than those with periodontitis only. VEGF expression was significantly enhanced in epithelial and endothelial cells from patients with periodontitis compared with controls (p<0.05). Epithelial CD44 expression was strong in all groups, while CD44 was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in connective tissue cells from both diabetic groups. Epithelial and endothelial CD133 expression was comparable in all patients except those with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, where it was not detected. Stromal CD133 expression was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis and was increased in periodontitis patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: The involvement and high expression of VEGF, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease may predict a greater regeneration capacity of gingival tissue. [source]

    Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: a case report

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2002
    Isabel Poiares Baptista
    Abstract Background/Aims: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is characterized by various degrees of attached gingival overgrowth. It usually develops as an isolated disorder but can be one feature of a syndrome. A case of a 38-year-old female is reported who presented a generalized severe gingival overgrowth, involving the maxillary and mandibular arches and covering almost all teeth. The clinical differential diagnosis included drug-induced overgrowth as well as idiopathic gingival fibromatosis. Treatment: Excess gingival tissue was removed by conventional gingivectomy. As the gingival enlargement was generalized to all quadrants, on both sides, the surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient's appearance improved considerably. Post-surgical follow-up after 20 months demonstrated a slight recurrence Conclusions: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferative fibrous overgrowth of the gingival tissue. Resective surgery of the excess tissue is the treatment available. However, recurrence is a common feature. [source]

    Matrix metalloproteinase-7, -8, -9, -25, and -26 and CD43, -45, and -68 cell-markers in HIV-infected patients' saliva and gingival tissue

    JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2006
    Liisa Mellanen
    Background:, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) process the extracellular matrix and act in tissue remodelling in many physiological and pathological conditions. Certain MMPs can also exert protective anti-inflammatory properties. The levels and expression of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in saliva and gingival tissues of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) patients are unclear. Methods:, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods and Western blots were used to study levels and molecular forms of MMP-7, -8, -9, -25, and -26 and TIMP-1 from salivary samples of HIV+ patients (n = 55) and healthy controls (n = 10). The expression of MMPs was also studied by immunohistochemical means in gingival tissue specimens (n = 11, HIV+ patients; n = 10, healthy controls). Results:, The HIV+ patients' MMP-8 levels in saliva were statistically significantly higher only in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-phase. MMP-9 levels in ASX- and AIDS-phases showed increased expression. TIMP-1 levels were significantly decreased in lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS)- and AIDS-related complex (ARC)-phases, while MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 molar ratios were increased in all phases in comparison with controls. The molecular forms of MMP-7, -25, and -26 were different between patients and controls as assessed by Western blot. Immunohistochemical studies showed slightly enhanced MMP-7, -8, -9, -25, and -26 staining in HIV+ gingival tissue samples in comparison with controls. Conclusions:, This study confirmed and further demonstrated differences in salivary amounts and molecular forms of MMPs and TIMP-1 in HIV+ patients. The results may reflect alterations in host defence reactions associated with HIV infection. [source]

    Relative frequency of peripheral odontogenic tumors: a study of 45 new cases and comparison with studies from the literature

    JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 7 2006
    Amos Buchner
    Background:, Peripheral (extraosseous) odontogenic tumors are rare, and reports in the literature have mainly been single case reports or a small series of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of peripheral (extraosseous) odontogenic tumors relative to one another and relative to their central (intraosseous) counterparts in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare these data with information available in the literature. Methods:, The files of the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA, served as the source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of peripheral odontogenic tumors (POTs) during a 20-year-period. Results:, There were 91 178 cases accessed in which central and POTs were identified in 1133 (1.24%), central tumors in 1088 (1.2%), and peripheral tumors in 45 (0.05%). Peripheral tumors accounted for 4% of all 1133 central and POTs. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (PODF) was the most common of the 45 POTs accounting for 51.1% (23 cases) followed by peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) 28.9% (13 cases) and peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (PCCOT) 13.3% (six cases). Peripheral calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, peripheral ameloblastic fibroma, and peripheral ameloblastic carcinoma were also identified , each comprised 2.2% (one case each). PODF was more common than its central counterpart by a 1.4:1 ratio. This was the only peripheral tumor that was more common than its central counterpart. PA accounted for 9.3% of all ameloblastomas and PCCOT for 26% of all calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors. Conclusion:, There is only scarce information in the literature on the relative frequency of POTs. Additional studies should be conducted to determine the true relative frequency. To ensure accuracy, pathologists with experience in the field of odontogenic tumors should conduct these studies. Intraosseous tumors that perforate through the bone to the gingival tissue, clinically presenting as ,peripheral tumors' should be excluded. [source]

    Regulation of keratinocyte growth factor and scatter factor in cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth

    JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 7 2004
    P. L. Hyland
    Background:, Epithelial proliferation is a histological characteristic of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and scatter factor (SF) are fibroblast-derived growth factors with potent mitogenic and motogenic effects on epithelial cells, and, therefore, could be involved in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth. The aims of this study were to investigate: (i) the effects of cyclosporin on KGF and SF expression by gingival fibroblasts; and (ii) the expression levels of KGF and SF mRNA in normal and overgrown gingival tissue. Methods:, The KGF and SF protein production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative levels of KGF and SF mRNA expression were determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Expression levels in biopsies of normal and overgrown gum were also determined. Results:, In overgrown fibroblasts, 500 ng/ml cyclosporin significantly inhibited KGF and SF mRNA and protein while 2000 ng/ml cyclosporin induced a stimulatory effect. In normal cells cyclosporin significantly increased both KGF and SF. KGF and SF mRNA was detected in both normal and overgrown tissues with a tendency towards increased expression levels in overgrown tissue. Conclusion:, These results suggest that KGF and SF may have an important role in cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth. [source]

    Viability of fibroblasts in cell culture after treatment with different chemical retraction agents

    JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 1 2002
    I. Kopa
    Prior to fixed prosthodontic impression procedures, temporary horizontal retraction of the free gingival tissue should be accomplished apically to the preparation finishing line. The mechanical,chemical method using cotton retraction cords of various sizes impregnated with various retraction chemicals is the most commonly employed retraction technique. Most retraction agents have pH values from 0·8 to 0·3, and are therefore hazardous to the cut dentine and periodontal tissues. Sympathomimetic vasoconstrictors introduced recently have a pH of 5·6, and are free of systemic side-effects. The present study using the dye exclusion test, colony forming ability test and colorimetric assay was undertaken to evaluate cytotoxic effects of four chemical retraction agents on cultured V-79 fibroblasts, and the dependence of cytotoxicity on the agent concentration and time of exposure. Original concentrations of retraction agents produced stronger cytotoxic effects than dilutions of 1:1 and 1:10. The most aggressive agent, 25% aluminium chloride, took only 1 min to damage all cell cultures. The proportion of cells damaged after 10 min of exposure to tetrahydrozoline was 60%, which was significantly less compared with other chemicals tested. With the colony forming ability test using retraction agents diluted to 1:10 the greatest number of colonies emerged in samples treated with tetrahydrozoline (statistical significance: P < 0·01). The colorimetric assay showed equal cytotoxic effects for 25% aluminium sulphate and tetrahydrozoline. The colorimetric test used in the study has proved an ergonomic, accurate and reliable test for cytotoxicity determination. [source]

    Flutamide inhibits nifedipine- and interleukin-1,-induced collagen overproduction in gingival fibroblasts

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010
    H.-K. Lu
    Lu H-K, Tseng C-C, Lee Y-H, Li C-L, Wang L-F. Flutamide inhibits nifedipine- and interleukin-1,-induced collagen overproduction in gingival fibroblasts. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 451,457. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:, To understand the role of the androgen receptor in gingival overgrowth, the effects of flutamide on interleukin-1,- and nifedipine-induced gene expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) and collagen production in gingival fibroblasts were examined. Material and Methods:, Gingival fibroblasts from healthy subjects and patients with dihydropyridine-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) were used. Confluent cells were treated with nifedipine, interleukin-1, or both. The mRNA expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the concentration of total soluble collagen in conditioned media was analysed by Sircol Collagen Assay. In addition, the protein expressions of androgen receptor, CTGF/CCN2 and type I collagen in gingival tissue were determined by western blot. Results:, Interleukin-1, was more potent than nifedipine in stimulating CTGF/CCN2 and procollagen ,1(I) mRNA expression, and there was an additive effect of the two drugs. Healthy cells exhibited an equal or stronger response of procollagen ,1(I) than those with DIGO, but DIGO cells displayed a stronger response in the secretion of soluble collagen in the same conditions. Flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, inhibited stimulation by nifedipine or interleukin-1,. Additionally, the protein expressions of androgen receptor and type I collagen were higher in DIGO gingival tissue than those in healthy gingival tissue. Conclusion:, The data suggest that both nifedipine and interleukin-1, play an important role in DIGO via androgen receptor upregulation and that gingival overgrowth is mainly due to collagen accumulation. Flutamide decreases the gene expression and protein production of collagen from dihydropyridine-induced overgrowth cells. [source]

    Role of systemic and local administration of selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2 in an experimental model of periodontal disease in rats

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009
    C. M. Queiroz-Junior
    Background and Objective:, Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of tooth-supporting tissues. Arachidonic acid metabolites have been implicated in development of periodontal disease, especially those derived from the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) pathway. This study investigated the role of inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) in a model of periodontal disease in rats. Material and Methods:, A ligature was placed around the molar of rats. Losses of fiber attachment and of alveolar bone were measured morphometrically in histologically prepared sections. Infiltration of cells into gingival tissue surrounding the ligated tooth was also determined. Results:, Systemic and local administration of non-selective and selective COX-2 inhibitors, preventively, resulted in significant reduction of the losses of fiber attachment and alveolar bone, as well as decreased leukocyte numbers in gingival tissue. Preventive selective inhibition of COX-1 was as effective as COX-2 inhibition in reducing local fiber attachment loss and cell migration, but did not prevent alveolar bone loss. Conclusion:, Our results provide evidence for participation of COX-1 and COX-2 in early stages of periodontal disease in rats. Furthermore, local administration of COX inhibitors reduced the signs of periodontal disease to the same extent as systemic treatment. Therapeutic approaches incorporating locally delivered anti-inflammatory drugs could be of benefit for patients suffering from periodontal disease. [source]

    Leptin levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007
    B. V. Karthikeyan
    Background and Objective:, A high concentration of leptin is associated with healthy gingival tissue, and the concentration of leptin decreases as periodontal disease progresses. However, to date, the leptin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid has not been documented. Hence, the present study was carried out to explore the presence of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease, and to probe further into its possible role in periodontal disease progression. Material and Methods:, A total of 45 adult patients were selected, based on their body mass index, for the study. They were categorized into three groups of 15 patients each, based on their periodontal tissue status, as follows: group I (clinically healthy gingiva with no loss of attachment); group II (chronic gingivitis with no loss of attachment); and group III (chronic periodontitis). Gingival crevicular fluid samples of 1 µL were collected extracrevicularly using white color-coded 1,5 µL calibrated volumetric microcapillary pipettes from one site in each person, and samples were analyzed for leptin using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results:, The concentration of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid of patients in group I (2292.69 pg/mL) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than in those of groups II (1409.95 pg/mL) and III (1071.89 pg/mL). This suggests a negative correlation of gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration with clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). Conclusion:, As periodontal tissue destruction increased, there was a substantial decrease in gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration. This observation extends our knowledge of the protective role of leptin in periodontal health. [source]

    Effects of sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline therapy on crevicular fluid MMP-8, and gingival tissue MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-6 levels in chronic periodontitis

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004
    Dong-Hoon Choi
    Objective:, To investigate whether sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) therapy for 120 d in chronic adult periodontitis patients had significant effects on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels, and on gingival tissue MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Background:, Tetracycline can significantly inhibit MMP activity in GCF and in gingival tissue, even in much lower dosage then a traditional antimicrobial dosage used in conventional therapy. Sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) therapy has been shown to reduce periodontal disease activity to control MMP and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods:, A total of 32 patients with incipient to moderate (probing pocket depth ,,4,7 mm) chronic adult periodontitis were included in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. After scaling and root planning (SRP), the SRP + SDD group received SDD, 20 mg bid, whereas the SRP + placebo group received placebo, 20 mg bid. In the follow-up, efficacy measures included the change in probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8 levels, gingival tissue MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-6 levels from baseline to 120 d. Results:, After 120 d, PD and CAL improved significantly in the SRP + SDD group. Initial MMP-8 levels for the SRP + SDD group and the SRP + placebo group were 407.13 ± 114.45 ng/ml and 378.71 ± 189.39 ng/ml, respectively, with no statistical difference between the two groups. MMP-8 levels for the SRP + SDD group and the SRP + placebo group were: 235.35 ± 134.58 ng/ml and 364.04 ± 219.27 ng/ml at 30 d; 157.50 ± 95.95 ng/ml and 236.60 ± 186.16 ng/ml at 60 d; 102.70 ± 67.64 ng/ml and 208.56 ± 124.54 ng/ml at 90 d; and 63.77 ± 53.33 ng/ml and 229.13 ± 168.09 ng/ml at 120 d, respectively. The amount of decrease in MMP-8 levels for the SRP + SDD group was statistically significant compared to that for the SRP + placebo group, especially apparent at 120 d (p < 0.05). TIMP-1 levels in both groups increased from the baseline to 120 d with statistical significance (p -value < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Changes in MMP-9 and IL-6 levels were not statistically significant. Conclusion:, Adjunctive SDD therapy can improve the clinical parameters and this clinical improvement is reflected by controlled level of MMP-8 in chronic adult periodontitis after the therapy. [source]

    Localized antimicrobial peptide expression in human gingiva

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2001
    Beverly A. Dale
    The stratified epithelia of the oral cavity are continually exposed to bacterial challenge that is initially resisted by innate epithelial factors and by the recruitment of neutrophils. Antimicrobial peptides from phagocytes and epithelia contribute to this antimicrobial barrier. Using antibodies and in situ hybridization, we explored antimicrobial peptide expression in the varied epithelia of the periodontium and in cultured gingival epithelial cells. In gingival tissue, mRNA for the ,-defensins, human beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1) and human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) was predominately localized in suprabasal stratified epithelium and the peptides were detected in upper epithelial layers consistent with the formation of the stratified epithelial barrier. In cultured epithelial cells, both hBD-1 and -2 peptides were detected only in differentiating, involucrin-positive epithelial cells, although hBD-2 required stimulation by proinflammatory mediators or bacterial products for expression. ,-defensins were not detected in junctional epithelium (JE) that serves as the attachment to the tooth surface. In contrast, ,-defensins and cathelicidin family member LL-37 were detected in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) that migrate through the JE, a localization that persists during inflammation, when the JE and surrounding tissue are highly infiltrated with PMNs. Thus, the undifferentiated JE contains exogenously expressed ,-defensins and LL-37, and the stratified epithelium contains endogenously expressed ,-defensins. These findings show that defensins and other antimicrobial peptides are localized in specific sites in the gingiva, are synthesized in different cell types, and are likely to serve different roles in various regions of the periodontium. [source]

    Nitric oxide synthase type-II is synthesized by human gingival tissue and cultured human gingival fibroblasts

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000
    H. K. Kendall
    Nitric oxide is known to be an important inflammatory mediator, and is implicated in the pathophysiology of a range of inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the localization and distribution of endothelial NOS (NOSII) in human gingival tissue, and to ascertain if human gingival fibroblasts express NOS-II when stimulated with interferon gamma (IFN-,) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The distribution of NOS-II in inflamed and non-inflamed specimens of human gingivae was studied using a monoclonal antibody against nitric oxide synthase II. Cultures of fibroblasts derived from healthy human gingivae were used for the cell culture experiments. The results from immunohistochemical staining of the tissues indicated an upregulation of NOS-II expression in inflamed compared to non-inflamed gingival tissue. Fibroblasts and inflammatory cells within the inflamed connective tissue were positively stained for NOS-II. In addition, basal keratinocytes also stained strongly for NOS-II, in both healthy and inflamed tissue sections. When cultured human gingival fibroblasts were stimulated by INF-, and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, NOS-II was more strongly expressed than when the cells were exposed to LPS or IFN-, alone. These data suggest that, as for other inflammatory diseases, NO plays a role in the pathophysiology of periodontitis. [source]

    A provisional fixed partial denture that simulates gingival tissue at the pontic-site defect

    JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 1 2002
    Reem Haj-Ali BDS
    A technique is presented for the fabrication of an esthetic, provisional fixed partial denture that compensates for a pontic-site ridge defect. This provisional restoration enables both the dentist and the patient to evaluate whether this prosthetic approach will adequately camouflage the pontic-site defect or whether surgical correction of the pontic site should also be considered. [source]

    Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide stimulates collagen phagocytosis by human gingival fibroblasts

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
    N. Takahashi
    Introduction:, Collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts is involved in the intracellular pathway related to collagen breakdown in soft connective tissues. The possible role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in regulating this fibroblast function has not been elucidated so we investigated the effect of LPS from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a periodontopathic bacterium, on collagen phagocytic activity in human gingival fibroblasts and associated regulatory mechanisms. Methods:, LPS pretreatment stimulated binding of collagen-coated beads to cells and, subsequently, their internalization. Results:, The LPS-activated collagen phagocytic process was enhanced in the presence of the soluble form of CD14 (sCD14) or LPS-binding protein (LBP), while the LPS/LBP treatment activated Akt and induced actin reorganization. Furthermore, these LPS/LBP-induced effects were partially suppressed by adding phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. Conclusion:, These results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS disturbs the homeostasis of collagen metabolism within gingival tissue by facilitating collagen phagocytosis by gingival fibroblasts, and serum sCD14 and LBP positively regulate the action of LPS. In addition, the PI3K/Akt signaling is thought to partially mediate the LPS/LBP-stimulated collagen phagocytic pathway, which may be dependent on actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. [source]

    Porphyromonas gingivalis lipids and diseased dental tissues

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
    F. C. Nichols
    Background/aim:,Porphyromonas gingivalis synthesizes several classes of dihydroceramides and at least one of these lipid classes promotes proinflammatory secretory reactions in gingival fibroblasts as well as alters fibroblast morphology in culture. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the dihydroceramide lipids of P. gingivalis are recovered in lipid extracts of subgingival plaque, diseased teeth, and diseased gingival tissue samples. Methods:, Lipids were extracted from P. gingivalis, subgingival plaque, subgingival calculus, teeth laden with gross accumulations of subgingival calculus, and gingival tissue samples obtained from chronic severe periodontitis sites. Lipid samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as trimethylsilyl derivatives or by electrospray-mass spectrometry as underivatized products. High-performance liquid chromatography fractions of P. gingivalis lipids and gingival tissue lipids were also analyzed by electrospray-mass spectrometry analysis. Results:,P. gingivalis phosphorylated dihydroceramides were recovered in lipid extracts of subgingival plaque, subgingival calculus, calculus contaminated teeth, and diseased gingival tissue samples. However, the distribution of phosphorylated dihydroceramides varied between these samples. Conclusion:, Subgingival plaque, subgingival calculus, diseased teeth, and gingival tissue are contaminated with phosphorylated dihydroceramides produced by P. gingivalis. The previously reported biological activity of these substances together with the recovery of these lipids at periodontal disease sites argues strongly for their classification as virulence factors in promoting chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. [source]

    Herpesviruses in periodontal pocket and gingival tissue specimens

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2000
    A. Contreras
    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) are frequently detected in crevicular fluid of deep periodontal pockets, but little or no information is available on occurence of herpesviruses in gingival tissue. This investigation studied the presence of herpesviruses in periodontal pockets and the corresponding gingival tissues from 11 periodontally healthy and 14 periodontitis sites. A nested-polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify the presence of HCMV, EBV-1, EBV-2, herpes simplex virus, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in each test sample. In healthy periodontal sites, HCMV was detected in 1 (9%) and EBV-1 in 2 (18%) pocket samples, and HCMV was detected in 2 (18%) and EBV-1 in 3 (27%) gingival tissue samples. In periodontitis lesions, HCMV was detected in 9 (64%) pocket samples and in 12 (86%) gingival tissue samples, and EBV-1 was detected in 6 (43%) pocket samples and in 11 (79%) gingival tissue samples. HHV-6 and HHV-8 were detected exclusively in gingival tissue samples. The present findings confirm the frequent presence of HCMV and EBV-1 in periodontitis lesions and suggest using gingival tissue specimens for detecting periodontal HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8. [source]

    Viruses in periodontal disease , a review

    ORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2005
    I Cappuyns
    The purpose of this review was to evaluate the evidence supporting the hypothesis that viral infection plays a role in the development of periodontitis. An involvement in periodontal diseases has been suspected specifically for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes viruses. An association has been demonstrated between HIV infection and some distinct forms of periodontal infection, i.e. necrotizing lesions. Furthermore, reports of increased prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis in HIV-positive subjects suggests that HIV infection predispose to chronic periodontitis. Several studies, most of them from the same research group, have demonstrated an association of herpesviruses with periodontal disease. Viral DNA have been detected in gingival tissue, gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque from periodontaly diseased sites. In addition markers of herpesviral activation have been demonstrated in the GCF from periodontal lesions. Active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in periodontal sites may suggest that HCMV re-activation triggers periodontal disease activity. Concerns regarding sampling, methods and interpretation cast doubts on the role of viruses as causes of periodontal disease. [source]

    Enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity in gingival tissue and cultured fibroblasts from Down's syndrome patients

    ORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2001
    T Komatsu
    OBJECTIVES: To identify one of the possible factors responsible for periodontal disease in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) patients, we studied the enzyme activity and the mRNA expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of cultured gingival fibroblasts (GF) and fresh gingival tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gingival tissue was used as the cell source and was biopsied at the time of dental treatment from nine patients with Down's syndrome and nine non-Down's controls. GF were cultivated in serum-free media for analyses of their MMP activities at the transcription or the protein level. The MMP activities in the supernates were measured by gelatin impregnated zymography. Relative levels of MMP mRNA from the cultured GF or freshly isolated gingival tissues were determined using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT AND CONCLUSIONS: The production of the active type of MMP-2 in GF from Down's syndrome patients (D-GF) was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control GF (C-GF) at the protein level. The mRNA expressions of membrane-type1 MMP (MT1-MMP) and MMP-2 in D-GF were constitutively augmented when compared with those of C-GF. These findings suggest that specific increase of the active form of MMP-2 in D-GF may possibly be due to the concomitant expression of MT1-MMP in the cultured cells, and this could be related to the pathogenesis of gingivitis/periodontitis associated with Down's syndrome patients. [source]

    Effects of a herbal gel containing carvacrol and chalcones on alveolar bone resorption in rats on experimental periodontitis

    PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2008
    Marco Antonio Botelho
    Abstract Carvacrol and dimeric chalcones are the respective bioactive components of Lippia sidoides and Myracrodruon urundeuva, popular medicinal plants of Northeastern Brazil with proven antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. Periodontal disease is associated with inflammation and microbiological proliferation, thus the study aimed to investigate the effect of a topical gel based on carvacrol and chalcones in the experimental periodontal disease (EPD) in rats. Animals were treated with carvacrol and/or chalcones gel, immediately after EPD induction, three times a day for 11 days. Appropriate controls were included in the study. Animals were weighed daily. They were killed on day 11, the mandibles dissected and alveolar bone loss was measured. The periodontium were examined at histopathology and the neutrophil influx into the gingiva was assayed using myeloperoxidase activity. The bacterial flora were assessed through culture of the gingival tissue. Alveolar bone loss was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by combined carvacrol and chalcones gel, compared with the vehicle and non-treated groups. The treatment with the combined gel reduced tissue lesion at histopathology, decreased myeloperoxidase activity in gingival tissue and inhibited the growth of oral microorganisms as well as the weight loss. Carvacrol and chalcones combination gel has a beneficial effect upon EPD in this model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    The investigation of the ultrastructural neutrophil changes in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats: response to a chemotactic challenge

    CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 2 2004
    Nesrin Özsoy
    Abstract Experimental diabetes is one of the most popular conditions in which to study the relation between neutrophil leukocyte activity and periodontal destruction. The aetiology of neutrophil dysfunction in the gingival tissue associated with diabetes has yet to be clarified. Diabetes in rats decreases neutrophil chemotactic activity in proportion to the severity of this systemic disorder. The present study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the severity of diabetes and the neutrophil response to two chemotactic agents, and to correlate the observed neutrophil defects with the degree of diabetes. In this study two chemotactic agents, casein (0.2,,l, 2,mg,ml,1) or N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP; 0.2,,l, 10,4,M), were placed into the gingival crevices of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Gingival biopsies were taken 15,min later and then at 5-min intervals up to 45,min and investigated by electron microscopy. Adherence and migration were observed in the rats with moderate diabetes 30,min after the application of casein. There was chemotaxis after 35,min of administration of the peptide FMLP. By 40,min neutrophils with pyknotic nuclei were observed. At 45,min neutrophils with a decreased number of granules were present. As the severity of the diabetes increased, the neutrophils degenerated and were structurally distorted. In the rats which had alloxan-induced diabetes there was abnormal periodontal damage. This damage is thought to be related to dysfunctional neutrophils. These findings many contribute to an answer to the following question: why is there an apparent variability in the susceptibilty of periodontal breakdown in diabetics? Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Gene expression signatures in chronic and aggressive periodontitis: a pilot study

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2004
    Panos N. Papapanou
    This pilot study examined gene expression signatures in pathological gingival tissues of subjects with chronic or aggressive periodontitis, and explored whether new subclasses of periodontitis can be identified based on gene expression profiles. A total of 14 patients, seven with chronic and seven with aggressive periodontitis, were examined with respect to clinical periodontal status, composition of subgingival bacterial plaque assessed by checkerboard hybridizations, and levels of serum IgG antibodies to periodontal bacteria assayed by checkerboard immunoblotting. In addition, at least two pathological pockets/patient were biopsied, processed for RNA extraction, amplification and labeling, and used to study gene expression using Affymetrix U-133 A arrays. Based on a total of 35 microarrays, no significantly different gene expression profiles appeared to emerge between chronic and aggressive periodontitis. However, a de novo grouping of the 14 subjects into two fairly robust clusters was possible based on similarities in gene expression. These two groups had similar clinical periodontal status and subgingival bacterial profiles, but differed significantly with respect to serum IgG levels against the important periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Campylobacter rectus. These early data point to the usefulness of gene expression profiling techniques in the identification of subclasses of periodontitis with common pathobiology. [source]

    Elevated levels of collagen cross-link residues in gingival tissues and crevicular fluid of teeth with periodontal disease

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2003
    Søren Jepsen
    Lysylpyridinoline (LP) and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) are collagen cross-link residues. Lysylpyridinoline is present in most tissues, whereas LP is present mainly in mineralized tissue. Both are elevated in tissue with increased collagen resorption. The purpose of this investigation was to assess if the concentrations of LP and HP are elevated in gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth with advanced periodontitis (AP). We investigated human gingival biopsies of healthy teeth (n = 19) and teeth with AP (n = 43) in 49 individuals. Samples of GCF from 54 teeth with AP were collected in seven patients and compared with samples from 11 patients with experimentally induced gingivitis. Levels of LP and HP were measured by HPLC and fluorescence detection. Gingival concentrations of HP but not LP around teeth with advanced periodontitis were significantly elevated compared with teeth with healthy periodontium. While significant amounts of HP and LP were measurable in the GCF of teeth with AP, no HP and LP was identified 3 months following non-surgical periodontal therapy of the teeth or in fluid from teeth subjected to experimentally induced gingivitis. Elevated concentrations of HP and LP in GCF may serve as indicators of ongoing destruction of periodontal tissues and alveolar bone in advanced periodontitis. [source]

    Gingival fibromatosis and significant tooth eruption delay in an 11-year-old male: a 30-month follow-up

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2005
    K. KAVVADIA
    Summary. This case report describes the dental management of an unusual case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with multiple impacted primary teeth, and the absence of eruption of permanent teeth, in an 11-year-old boy and at the 30-month follow-up. The patient presented with severely enlarged gingival tissues affecting both arches and multiple retained and nonerupted primary teeth. He had already been subjected to localized gingivectomies at the ages of 7 and 9 years. He had no known syndrome and there was no family history of any similar disorder. The patient was treated under general anaesthesia to remove the excessive gingival tissues using apically positioned flaps. During the surgical procedure, over-retained and unerupted impacted primary teeth were extracted in order to facilitate the eruption of the permanent successors. Two years postoperatively, there was no recurrence of the gingival enlargement. Overdentures were then constructed because none of the permanent teeth had yet erupted. Furthermore, preeruptive coronal resorption was detected radiographically affecting the crown of the unerupted 36. Thirty months postoperatively, no recurrence of gingival enlargement was seen, but the permanent teeth had still not erupted. [source]

    Platelet-rich plasma may prevent titanium-mesh exposure in alveolar ridge augmentation with anorganic bovine bone

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2010
    Jesús Torres
    Torres J, Tamimi F, Alkhraisat MH, Manchón Á, Linares R, Prados-Frutos JC, Hernández G, López Cabarcos E. Platelet-rich plasma may prevent titanium-mesh exposure in alveolar ridge augmentation with anorganic bovine bone. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 943,951. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01615.x. Abstract Objective: Bone augmentation with the titanium-mesh (Ti-mesh) technique is susceptible to a large rate of complications such as morbidity of bone graft donor site, and mesh exposure to the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of anorganic bovine bone (ABB) in alveolar bone augmentation with the Ti-mesh technique. In addition, we investigated the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in preventing mesh exposure by using it to cover the Ti-mesh. Patients and Methods: Patients included in the clinical trial were randomly allocated by a blinded assistant into two groups. The 30 patients recruited for this study underwent 43 alveolar bone augmentation with the Ti-mesh technique using ABB as graft material in all of them. In 15 patients, the Ti-meshes were covered with PRP (PRP group) whereas in the other 15 the Ti-meshes were not (control group). After 6 months, patients were called for clinical, radiographic, and histological evaluation, and implant placement surgery. A total of 97 implants were placed in the augmented bone and their evolution was followed up for a period of 24 months. Results: Significant differences were found between the two study groups in terms of complications and bone formation. In the control group, 28.5% of the cases suffered from mesh exposure, while in the PRP group, no exposures were registered. Radiographic analysis revealed that bone augmentation was higher in the PRP group than in the control group. Overall, 97.3% of implants placed in the control group and 100% of those placed in the PRP group were successful during the monitoring period. We suggest that the positive effect of PRP on the Ti-mesh technique is due to its capacity to improve soft tissue healing, thereby protecting the mesh and graft material secured beneath the gingival tissues. Conclusions: Alveolar bone augmentation using ABB alone in the Ti-mesh technique is sufficient for implant rehabilitation. Besides, covering the Ti-meshes with PRP was a determining factor in avoiding mesh exposure. Ti-mesh exposure provoked significant bone loss, but in most cases it did not affect the subsequent placement of implants. [source]

    Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2010
    Leonardo Trombelli
    Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Giovannini G, Calura G, Farina R. Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 697-704 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01573.x. Abstract Aims: To evaluate the interleukin-1, (IL-1,) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1, concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B+3954 and IL-1B,511 gene polymorphisms. Results: (i) GCF IL-1, concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1, detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1, concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B+3954 genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1, was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. Conclusions: Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1, levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype. [source]

    Nicotine inhibits human gingival fibroblast migration via modulation of Rac signalling pathways

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 12 2005
    Yiyu Fang
    Abstract Aim: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in the development of periodontal diseases. In addition, a delayed healing process has been shown in smokers compared with non-smokers after periodontal treatment. Cell migration is a key process of wound healing and it is highly regulated by a variety of signalling pathways. The small G protein, Rac, is necessary for cell migration. Our aim was to determine if nicotine disrupted Rac and its downstream signalling proteins, p21-activated kinase 1/2 (PAK1/2), and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2). Material and Methods: Primary human fibroblasts from healthy gingival tissues were cultured and grown to confluence. Cells were serum starved for 24 h, and then treated with nicotine (0 or 0.5 ,M) prior to in vitro wounding. Cell migration was analysed in live cell assays following in vitro wounds. Rac activity, phosphorylation levels of PAK1/2, and p44/42 MAPK were assessed in cultures treated with or without nicotine after multiple wounds. Results: Nicotine decreased cell migration rates by 50% compared with controls. In addition, nicotine altered the activation patterns of Rac and PAK 1/2 and up-regulated p44/42 MAPK. Conclusion: Decreased cell migration in periodontal wounds exposed to nicotine may be mediated through the Rac and PAK1/2 signalling pathways. [source]