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Gingival Health (gingival + health)

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Medical Sciences100%

Terms modified by Gingival Health

  • gingival health status
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    Selected Abstracts

    Orthodontic considerations for gingival health during pregnancy: a review

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 1 2010
    PM Mukherjee
    Abstract:, Gingivitis is caused by several known systemic and local factors. Among systemic factors, the role of hormonal changes during pregnancy is well established. While presence of fixed orthodontic appliances alone may not cause gingivitis, factors such as pregnancy and poor oral hygiene combined together could precipitate acute gingival inflammation that may progress to a periodontal condition in a patient receiving orthodontic therapy. There has been an increase in the number of adult patients who are receiving orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic appliances could act as a potential plaque retentive source and aggravate inflammatory reactions that are seen during pregnancy. There is a lack of awareness regarding oral healthcare issues among patients who are pregnant and choose to seek orthodontic treatment. In addition, there is a need in the literature to outline management guidelines for patients who want to receive orthodontic treatment during pregnancy, with or without pre-existing gingival conditions. This review focuses on the aetiology of pregnancy gingivitis and the management of orthodontic patients during pregnancy. Our emphasis is on patient education, oral hygiene maintenance, preventive and treatment strategies for the management of gingival health in orthodontic patients during pregnancy. We also highlight some of the possible complications of initiating orthodontic treatment during pregnancy. [source]

    Oral health in preschool children with cerebral palsy: a case,control community-based study

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2010
    RENNAN Y. DU
    International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 330,335 Objectives., To assess and compare the oral health status of preschool children with and without cerebral palsy (CP). Methods., Preschool children with CP (72) were recruited from 23 Special Child Care Centers in Hong Kong. An age (±3 months) and gender matched sample of preschool children from mainstream preschools were recruited as the control group. Dental caries status, gingival health status, tooth wear, developmental defect of enamel, malocclusion, dental trauma and oral mucosal health were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results., Significant differences in gingival health status were found between children with and without CP (mean plaque index scores, P = 0.001 and mean gingival index scores, P < 0.05). Tooth wear involving dentine was more prevalent among CP children (P < 0.001), as were evidence of anterior open-bite (P < 0.001) and oral mucosal lesions (P < 0.05). Children with and without CP had similar caries experiences (P > 0.05), prevalence of enamel defects (P > 0.05) and dental trauma (P > 0.05). Conclusions., Differences of oral health status exist among preschool children with and without CP. Preschool children fare worse in terms of gingival health, tooth wear, oral mucosal health and malocclusion. [source]

    An overview of oral health promotion in adolescents

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2009
    VILMA BRUKIEN
    Objective., The aim of this study was to overview the effectiveness of different strategies used to promote oral health in adolescents. Methods., A search of the MEDLINE via OVID database was performed through September 2007. The studies aiming to modify oral health-related lifestyle in adolescents with experimental pre- to post-test controlled study design were targeted. Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, oral hygiene status, gingival health, and caries status were used as outcome measures for the evaluation of changes in adolescent oral health-related behaviour. Results., All studies evaluating knowledge showed cognitive gains. Only slight or no improvement in attitude was reported. The average improvement in oral hygiene was 30,50%. A wide range 0,50% of the effects on gingival health was presented. However, the relapse in oral hygiene status towards baseline values was also observed. Only studies employing professionally applied preventive measures in conjunction with educational activities reported significantly lower caries incidence. Conclusion., The limited success of the behavioural interventions and the lack of diversity in methods used do not allow identification of the best ways to promote oral health towards adolescents. Therefore, alternative approaches for oral health promotion in adolescents should be explored. [source]

    Stainless steel crown versus modified open-sandwich restorations for primary molars: a 2-year randomized clinical trial

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2008
    MOMEN ATIEH
    Objective., The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical performance and survival of stainless steel crown (SSC) restoration and modified open-sandwich technique using resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Design., Randomized clinical trial. Setting., General dental practice. Materials and methods., A total of 87 children aged 4,7 years at baseline with one or more primary molars that have undergone pulp therapy were randomly assigned to receive either SSC or modified open-sandwich restoration. One hundred and sixty restorations were placed and evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using the Ryge criteria. Results., Comparable survival rates were observed for both SSC and modified open-sandwich restoration. With only four SSCs and six modified open-sandwich restorations failing over 24 months, the survival rates were high for both materials (2-year survival rate: 95.0% for SSCs and 92.5% for modified open-sandwich restorations). Significantly better gingival health (P < 0.05) was observed for the modified open-sandwich restorations compared with SSCs, as only one modified open-sandwich restoration was rated Charlie compared to 13 SSCs. No significant differences were observed between the two materials for marginal integrity, proximal contact, occlusion, or recurrent caries. Conclusion., The 2-year results indicated that the modified open-sandwich restoration is an appropriate alternative to SSC in extensive restorations, particularly where aesthetic considerations are important. [source]

    Efficacy of plaque removal and learning effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003
    D. Lazarescu
    Abstract Background: Subjects with high plaque and gingivitis scores can profit most from the introduction of new manual or powered tooth brushes. To improve their hygiene, not only the technical characteristics of new brushes but also the learning effect in efficient handling are of importance. Aim: The present study compared the efficacy in plaque removal of an electric and a manual toothbrush in a general population and analysed the learning effect in efficient handling. Method: Eighty healthy subjects, unfamiliar with electric brushes, were divided into two groups: group 1 used the Philips/Jordan HP 735 powered brush and group 2 used a manual brush, Oral-B40+. Plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were assessed at baseline and at weeks 3, 6, 12 and 18. After each evaluation, patients abstained from oral hygiene for 24 h. The next day a 3-min supervised brushing was perfomed. Before and after this brushing, PI was assessed for the estimation of the individual learning effect. The study was single blinded. Results: Over the 18-week period, PI reduced gradually and statistically significantly (p<0.001) in group 1 from 2.9 (±0.38) to 1.5 (±0.24) and in group 2 from 2.9 (±0.34) to 2.2 (±0.23). From week 3 onwards, the difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The bleeding index decreased in group 1 from 28% (±17%) to 7% (±5%) (p<0.001) and in group 2 from 30% (±12%) to 12% (±6%) (p<0.001). The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001) from week 6 onwards. The learning effect, expressed as the percentage of plaque reduction after 3 min of supervised brushing, was 33% for group 1 and 26% for group 2 at week 0. This percentage increased at week 18 to 64% in group 1 and 44% in group 2 (difference between groups statistically significant: p<0.001). Conclusion: The powered brush was significantly more efficient in removing plaque and improving gingival health than the manual brush in the group of subjects unfamiliar with electric brushes. There was also a significant learning effect that was more pronounced with the electric toothbrush. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Personen mit einem hohen Plaque- und Gingivitisindex können am meisten von der Einführung einer neuen Hand- oder elektrischen Zahnbürste profitieren. Um ihre Hygiene zu verbessern, sind nicht nur die technischen Charakteristika der neuen Bürste von Wichtigkeit, sondern auch der Lerneffekt für das effiziente Nutzen. Ziel: Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die Effektivität bei der Plaqueentfernung bei einer elektrischen und einer Handzahnbürste in einer allgemeinen Bevölkerung und analysiert den Lerneffekt bei der effektiven Benutzung. Methoden: 80 gesunde Personen, die nicht an elektrische Zahnbürsten gewöhnt waren, wurden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt: Gruppe 1 nutzte die Philips/Jordan HP 735 elektrische Bürste und die Gruppe 2 eine Handbürste, Oral-B40+. Der Plaqueindex (PI) und der gingivale Blutungsindex (GBI) wurden zur Basis und zu den Wochen 3, 6, 12 und 18 gemessen. Nach jeder Evaluation enthielten sich die Patienten für 24 Stunden der oralen Hygiene. Am nächsten Tag wurde ein beaufsichtigtes Bürsten durchgeführt. Vor und nach diesem Bürsten wurde der Plaqueindex für die Einschätzung des individuellen Lerneffektes aufgezeichnet. Die Studie war einfach blind. Ergebnisse: Über die 18wöchige Periode reduzierte sich der PI graduell und statistisch signifikant (p<0,001) in der Gruppe 1 von 2.9 (±0.38) auf 1.5 (±0.24) und in der Gruppe 2 von 2.9 (±0.34) auf 2.2 (± 0.23). Von der Woche 3 aufwärts wurde die Differenz zwischen den beiden Gruppen signifikant (p<0.001). Der Blutungsindex verringerte sich in der Gruppe 1 von 28% (± 17%) auf 7% (±5%) (p<0.001) und in der Gruppe 2 von 30% (±12%) auf 12% (±6%) (p<0.001). Die Differenz zwischen den beiden Gruppen war statistisch signifikant (p<0.001) von der 6. Woche an. Der Lerneffekt, ausgedrückt durch den Prozentsatz der Plaquereduktion nach 3 Minuten beaufsichtigtem Putzen, war 33% bei der Gruppe 1 und 26% bei der Gruppe 2 zur Woche 0. Dieser Prozentsatz vergrößerte sich zur Woche 18 auf 64% in der Gruppe 1 und auf 44% in der Gruppe 2 (Differenzen zwischen den Gruppen statistisch signifikant: p<0.001). Schlussfolgerung: Die elektrische Zahnbürste war signifikant mehr effektiv in der Plaqueentfernung und Verbesserung der gingivalen Gesundheit als die Handbürste in dieser Gruppe von Personen, die nicht an elektrische Bürsten gewöhnt waren. Es gab auch einen signifikanten Lerneffekt, welcher bei der Nutzung der elektrischen Zahnbürste größer war. Résumé Contexte: Des sujets présentant des scores de plaque et de gingivite élevés peuvent bénéficier de façon importante de l'apparition de nouvelles brosses manuelles et électriques. Pour améliorer leur hygiène, les caractéristiques techniques, mais aussi les instructions pour une manipulation efficace sont des éléments importants. But: Cette étude compare l'efficacité d'élimination de la plaque d'une brosse à dent manuelle et électrique dans une population générale et analyse l'effet de l'apprentissage pour une manipulation efficace. Méthode: 80 sujets sains, pas habitués aux brosses électrique, ont été divisés en deux groupes : Le groupe 1 utilisa la brosse Philips/Jordan HP 735 électrique et le groupe 2, une brosse manuelle Oral-B40+. L'indice de plaque (PI) et l'indice de saignement gingival (GBI) furent enregistrés initialement et à 3, 6, 12 et 18 semaines. Après chaque évaluation, les patients arrêtaient l'hygiène buccale pendant 24 heures. Le jour suivant, un brossage surveillé de 3 minutes était réalisé. Avant et après ce brossage, l'indice de plaque était relevé en vue de l'estimation de l'effet de l'apprentissage. L'étude était en aveugle simple. Résultats: Pendant la période de 18 semaines, le PI diminuait graduellement et de façon statistiquement significative (p<0.001) dans le groupe 1, de 2.9 (±0.38) à 1.5 (±0.24) et dans le groupe 2 de 2.9 (±0.34) à 2.2 (±0.23). A partir de la troisième semaine, la différence était déjà significative (p<0.001). L'indice de saignement diminuait dans le groupe 1 de 28% (±17%) à 7% (±5%) (p<0.001) et dans le groupe 2, de 30% (±12%) à 12% (±6%) (p<0.001). La différence entre les groupes était statistiquement significative à partir de la sixième semaine. L'effet de l'apprentissage, exprimé en pourcentage de la réduction de plaque après un brossage de 3 minutes surveillé fut de 33% pour le groupe 1 et de 26 % pour le groupe 2 initialement et augmentait lors de la semaine 18 jusqu'à 64% dans le groupe 1 et 44% dans le groupe 2 (différence entre les groupes significative: p<0.001). [source]

    Salivary cystatin activity and cystatin C in natural and experimental gingivitis in smokers and non-smokers

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2001
    M. A. Lie
    Abstract Background: Recent studies show that subjects with natural gingivitis or periodontitis have elevated levels of salivary cystatins compared to periodontally healthy individuals. Increased glandular output of cystatins in inflammatory conditions suggests an active, most likely protective, rôle for these proteins in inflammatory processes. Furthermore, it has been shown that the development of gingival inflammation is suppressed in smokers during experimental gingivitis. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether (i) the levels of salivary cystatins in natural gingivitis are related to smoking status, and (ii) to study whether experimentally induced gingivitis is associated with changes in salivary cystatin levels, in both smokers and non-smokers. Material and Methods: Whole saliva samples were taken in relation to natural gingivitis, gingival health and 14-day experimental gingivitis in 25 non-dental students (14 non-smokers and 11 smokers). The salivary flowrate was determined. Samples were analyzed for levels of protein, cystatin and cystatin-C. Results: Salivary flow and protein concentrations in cleared human whole saliva samples of non-smokers and smokers were not different from each other at any timepoint during the trial. With regard to cystatins, the results showed that in the state of natural gingivitis cystatin activity is lower in smokers as compared to non-smokers. In smokers, the resolution of natural gingivitis to the state of gingival health did not result in a change of cystatin activity and levels of cystatin C. At the end of the 14-day experimental gingivitis period, smokers showed a decrease in cystatin activity and cystatin C as well as lower outputs of cystatin activity and cystatin C. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with lower cystatin activity and output of cystatin C during gingival inflammation. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Neuere Untersuchungen haben bezeigt, dass bei Patienten mit natürlicher Gingivitis oder Parodontitis die Cystatinspiegel im Speichel im Vergleich zu parodontal gesunden Personen erhöht sind. Ein erhöhter Ausstoß von Cystatinen durch Speicheldrüsen bei entzündlichen Prozessen spricht für eine aktive, sehr wahrscheinlich protektive Rolle dieser Proteine bei Entzündungen. Darüber steht die Unterdrückung der Entwicklung der gingivalen Entzündung bei Rauchern während einer experimentellen Gingivitis möglicherweise mit der verstärkten Expression von Cystatin C in Verbindung. Zielsetzung: Untersuchung, (1) ob die Cystatinspiegel im Speichel bei natürtlicher Gingivitis mit dem Zigarettenkonsum in Verbindung stehen und (2) ob eine Assoziation zwischen experimentell induzierter Gingivitis und Veränderungen der Cystatinspiegel im Speichel bei Rauchern und Nichtrauchern besteht. Material und Methoden: Bei 25 Studenten (14 Nichtraucher, 11 Raucher), die keine Zahnmediziner waren, wurden Speichelproben in Relation zu natürlicher Gingivitis, gingivaler Gesundheit und während einer 14 Tage dauernden experimentellen Gingivitis entnommen. Die Speichelsekretioinsrate wurde gemessen und die Speichelkonzentrationen von Protein, Cystatin und Cystatin C bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die Speichelsekretionsraten und Proteinkonzentrationen der Speichelproben zeigten zu keinem Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung Unterschiede zwischen Rauchern und Nichtrauchern. Die Cystatinaktivität bei natürlicher Gingivitis war bei Rauchern geringer als bei Nichtrauchern. Bei Rauchern veränderten sich die Cystatinaktivität und der Cystatin-C-Spiegel beim Übergang von natur,rlicher Gingivitis zu gingivaler Gesundheit nicht. Am Ende der experimentellen Gingivitis von 14 Tagen war bei Rauchern eine Abnahme der Cystatinaktivität und des Cystatin C sowie ein geringerer Ausstoss von Cystatinaktivität und Cystatin C zu beobachten. Schlußfolgerungen: Rauchen ist geringerer Cystatinaktivität und geringerer Cystatin-C-Ausschüttng während gingivaler Entzündung assoziiert. Résumé Origine: De récentes études montrent que des sujets présentant des gingivites ou des parodontites naturelles ont des niveaux élevés de cystatines salivaires par rapport aux individus au parodonte sain. La production glandulaire augmentée de cystatine dans des conditions inflammatoires suggère un rôle actif, voire vraissemblablement protecteur, de ces protéines lors des processus inflammatoires. De plus, il a été montré que le développement de l'inflammation gingivale est supprimé chez le fumeur lors des gingivites expérimentales. But: Le but de cette étude était de rechercher si (i) le niveau de cystatine salivaire lors des gingivites naturelles est en relation avec le tabagisme et (ii) d'étudier si une gingivite expérimentale est associée une modification des niveaux salivaire de cystatine, chez les fumeurs et chez les non-fumeurs. Matériaux et méthodes: Des échantillons de salive totale était prélevés lors de gingivite naturelle, sur des patients avec des gencives saines, et lors de gingivites expérimentales sur 14 jours chez 25 étudiants (n'étudiant pas la chirurgie dentaire) (14 non-fumeurs et 11 fumeurs). Le taux de flux salivaire a été déterminé. Les échantillons furent étudiés pour les niveaux en protéine, cystatine et cystatine C. Resultats: Le flux salivaire, et les concentrations en protéines dans les échantillons de salive totale clarifiée des fumeurs et des non-fumeurs, ne présentaient aucune différence à aucun moment de l'étude. Pour la cystatine, les résultats montraient que lors des gingivites naturelles, l'activité de cette cystatine était moindre chez les fumeurs, et chez ces derniers, la résolution de cette gingivite vers l'état de santé gingivale n'entrainait pas de modifications de l'activité de la cystatine, ni du niveau de cystatine C. À la fin des 14 jours de gingivite expérimentale, les fumeurs montraient une diminution de l'activité de la cystatine et de la cystatine C ainsi qu'une diminution de la production de l'acitivité de la cystatine et de la cystatine C. Conclusion: Le tabagisme est associé avec une diminution de l'activité de la cystatine et une diminution de la production de cystatine C pendant l'inflammation gingivale. [source]

    Occurrence of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in relation to gingivitis and gingival health

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
    M. A. Lie
    Abstract Aim: The occurrence of Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) in relation to natural gingivitis, gingival health and 14-day experimental gingivitis was investigated in 25 non-dental students. Materials and Methods: Samples were taken from the dorsum of the tongue, the tonsils (or tonsillar area), and the supra- and subgingival plaque. Results: The microbiological results show that 73% of the samples were positive for the bacterial species presumed to be Pi and/or Pn. In natural gingivitis, gingival health and in experimental gingivitis 25, 23 and 25 subjects were found to be positive for Pi and/or Pn, respectively. The results of the 889 isolates that were succesfully purified and differentiated, show that almost all subjects were colonized with Pn whereas approximately half of the study population harboured Pi. These 2 species were isolated from both dental plaque and mucosal sites and were found to colonize the oral cavity simultaneously. Conclusion: In natural gingivitis, at the start and after 14 days of experimental gingivitis, Pn was the predominant micro-organism. [source]

    Risk factors for drug-induced gingival overgrowth

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
    R. A. Seymour
    Abstract Background/Aims: Drug-induced gingival overgrowth remains a significant problem for the periodontologist. Many patients medicated with the drugs implicated in this unwanted effect experience significant, recurrent gingival problems that require repeated surgical excisions. In this review, we attempt to identify and quantify the various "risk factors" associated with both the development and expression of the drug-induced gingival changes. Method: The risk factors appraised include age, sex, drug variables, concomitant medication, periodontal variables and genetic factors. Elucidation of such factors may help to identify "at risk patients" and then develop appropriate treatment strategies. Results: Of the factors identified, the only one that can be affected by the periodontologist is the patents' periodontal condition. However, drug variables and concomitant medication do impact upon the expression of gingival overgrowth. Conclusion: The identificatioin of risk factors associated with both the prevalence and severity of drug-induced gingival overgrowth is important for all parties involved with this unwanted effect. Both periodontologist and patient have an important rôle to play in improving oral hygiene and gingival health. Likewise, there is always an opportinity to establish a close liaison between the patient's physician and the periodontologist to try and identify alternative drug regimens that can help reduce the impact of this unwanted effect. [source]

    Effect of khat chewing on 14 selected periodontal bacteria in sub- and supragingival plaque of a young male population

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
    N. N. Al-Hebshi
    Background/aims:, The habit of chewing khat (Catha edulis) for its amphetamine-like effects is highly prevalent in Yemen and east Africa, and has expanded to Western countries. The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the prevalence and levels of 14 periodontal bacteria in gingival plaque of khat chewers and khat nonchewers, as well as of khat chewing sides and khat nonchewing sides. Methods:, A total of 408 sub- and supragingival plaque samples were collected from 51 young males (29 khat chewers and 22 khat nonchewers; age range 19,28 years) and analyzed using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization. Clinical parameters were recorded for all teeth at six sites per tooth. Results:,Streptococcus intermedius and Veillonella parvula were significantly more prevalent in the subgingival plaque of chewers, which also showed significantly higher levels of V. parvula and Eikenella corrodens. Similar results were found for the subgingival plaque of the chewing sides compared to the nonchewing sides. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence and higher levels of Tannerella forsythia in the subgingival plaque of the nonchewing sides. No significant differences were observed for the supragingival plaque between the two study groups. There was a significantly lower prevalence of Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the khat chewing sides, and higher levels of V. parvula and Actinomyces israelii. Conclusion:, The data suggest that khat chewing induces a microbial profile that is not incompatible with gingival health. [source]

    Nutritional variables related to gingival health in adolescent girls

    COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2000
    Stefano Petti
    Abstract , In order to study the nutritional variables associated with gingival health, a case-control study was designed to control strong variables whose effect on gingival status may obscure the potential effect of weaker ones, such as nutrition. Two groups of 27 gingivitis-affected and -unaffected female adolescents were selected. All were aged 17,19 years, with mean age of the two groups statistically not different. All were non-smokers, all reported daily toothbrushing frequency of twice/day or more, and none had clinical signs of hyponutrition. Mean DMFT of the two groups was statistically not different. The effect of nutritional variables, obtained by a three-day food record and by assessing the nutritional status of the girls, on presence/absence of gingivitis was evaluated by a variety of stepwise logistic regression analyses. Age (positive correlation), riboflavin, calcium and frequency of fibre intake (negative correlations) significantly explained the risk for gingivitis. Strong intercorrelation between riboflavin and calcium was also found, due to the high quantity of milk consumed by the girls, since this food provided the main source of riboflavin and calcium. The data suggest that some dietary measures may be useful for the maintenance of healthy gingival status. [source]