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Generalized Procrustes Analysis (generalized + procrustes_analysis)
Selected AbstractsIMPACT OF DRYING AND STORAGE TIME ON SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 1 2007M.C. DÍAZ-MAROTO ABSTRACT The effect of drying treatment on the aroma characteristics of rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) was studied using the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) with a trained panel and by Free Choice Profiling (FCP) analysis with a consumer group. Differences between samples were observed after applying Principal Component Analysis to the QDA data and Generalized Procrustes Analysis to the FCP data. The highest differences were found between fresh rosemary samples and dried samples. However, dried samples (obtained by oven-drying at 45C and commercial samples purchased at the markets and stored for 6 months) showed significant differences in their sensory characteristics. Odor detection thresholds of the fresh rosemary leaves were calculated in water and in potato sauce, and significant differences were found. [source] ASSOCIATION OF STRAWBERRY YOGURT SENSORY PROPERTIES WITH PRODUCT COMPOSITION BY PROCRUSTES ANALYSISJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 4 2004ADRIANA GÁMBARO ABSTRACT The flavor of eight samples of commercial strawberry yogurt was studied by Free-Choice Profile analysis (FCP). Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) applied to FCP allowed differentiation between samples and highlighted flavor attributes responsible for the observed differences. The relation between sensory and physicochemical datasets was studied by means of GPA. Those samples with higher carbohydrate content were perceived as sweeter, having stronger strawberry flavor, and with more dairy and yogurt flavors. Samples with higher titratable acidity, ash and protein content were perceived as more acidic and higher in intensity of "faulty" or "defective" flavors. Higher moisture content was associated with lower intensity of "dairy" flavors (creamy, dairy, and yogurt) and greater intensity of rancid flavor. It is concluded that, though not often used to this end, GPA is a suitable method to study the relationship of sensory and instrumental measurements. [source] SENSORY CHARACTERIZATION OF BOAR TAINT IN ENTIRE MALE PIGSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 4 2000MARIA FONT I FURNOLS ABSTRACT Boar taint has been associated with the pork from entire males. Sensory profiles have been carried out in several studies showing the multidimensional property of boar taint. However, no agreement on the number and kind of descriptors has been reached. The aim of this study was to describe the sensory characteristics of boar taint using a modified Free Choice Profiling technique. The pig meat samples were selected according to their different analytical levels of androstenone and skatole and were sensorially evaluated in duplicate. After selecting the discriminant descriptors for each assessor a Generalized Procrustes Analysis was carried out. Samples with the highest analytical levels of androstenone were characterized by " urine", " sweat", " chemical" and " rancid" odor and flavor, " turpentine", " viscera", " pig/animal" and " naphthalene" odor, and " piquant" flavor. Samples with the highest analytical levels of skatole were characterized by " sweat" odor and flavor, " stable", " manure" and " naphthalene" odor and " pig/animal" flavor. In general the results suggested that both compounds are responsible for certain sensory defects, although the samples with a high androstenone content displayed the majority of them. [source] Quantifying temporal bone morphology of great apes and humans: an approach using geometric morphometricsJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 6 2002Charles A. Lockwood Abstract The hominid temporal bone offers a complex array of morphology that is linked to several different functional systems. Its frequent preservation in the fossil record gives the temporal bone added significance in the study of human evolution, but its morphology has proven difficult to quantify. In this study we use techniques of 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify differences among humans and great apes and discuss the results in a phylogenetic context. Twenty-three landmarks on the ectocranial surface of the temporal bone provide a high level of anatomical detail. Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) is used to register (adjust for position, orientation and scale) landmark data from 405 adults representing Homo, Pan, Gorilla and Pongo. Principal components analysis of residuals from the GPA shows that the major source of variation is between humans and apes. Human characteristics such as a coronally orientated petrous axis, a deep mandibular fossa, a projecting mastoid process, and reduced lateral extension of the tympanic element strongly impact the analysis. In phenetic cluster analyses, gorillas and orangutans group together with respect to chimpanzees, and all apes group together with respect to humans. Thus, the analysis contradicts depictions of African apes as a single morphotype. Gorillas and orangutans lack the extensive preglenoid surface of chimpanzees, and their mastoid processes are less medially inflected. These and other characters shared by gorillas and orangutans are probably primitive for the African hominid clade. [source] THE CONSUMER SENSORY PERCEPTION OF PASSION-FRUIT JUICE USING FREE-CHOICE PROFILINGJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 1 2005ROSIRES DELIZA ABSTRACT Free-choice profiling (FCP) was carried out in order to investigate how naive consumers (who had never tried the product before) described and perceived passion-fruit juice. This method allows participants to use their own attributes to describe and quantify food products and beverages. The study used four different samples of passion-fruit juice, analyzed by 10 consumers in three replicates. The data were analyzed by using generalized Procrustes analysis. The first and second dimension accounted for 78.7% of the variance. The product consensus configuration revealed that assessors were able to reproduce samples' description, and also to differentiate samples. Free-choice profiling is a useful method for describing consumer perception of passion-fruit juice. [source] Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (primates: Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark dataTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Stephen R. Frost Abstract The cranial morphology of the African Old World monkeys Mandrillus, Papio, and Theropithecus (i.e., baboons) has been the subject of a number of studies investigating their systematic relationships, patterns of scaling, and growth. In this study, we use landmark-based geometric morphometrics and multivariate analysis to assess the effects of size, sex, taxonomy, and geographic location on cranial shape. Forty-five landmarks were digitized in three dimensions on 452 baboon crania and subjected to generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA), which standardizes geometric size but leaves scaling-based shape differences in the data. The resulting shape coordinates were submitted to regression analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), partial least-squares (PLS) analysis, and various clustering techniques. Scaling (shape differences correlated with size) was the largest single factor explaining cranial shape variation. For instance, most (but not all) of the shape differences between the sexes were explained by size dimorphism. However, central tendencies of shape clearly varied by taxon (both specific and subspecific) even after variations in size and sex were adjusted out. Within Papio, about 60% of the size- and sex-adjusted shape variations were explained by the geographic coordinates of the specimen's provenance, revealing a stepped cline in cranial morphology, with the greatest separation between northern and southern populations. Based on evidence from genetic studies, and the presence of at least two major hybrid/interbreeding zones, we interpret the phylogeographic pattern of cranial variation as indicating that these populations are best ranked as subspecies of a single species, rather than as two or more distinct biological species. This objective approach can be applied to other vertebrate species or species groups to help determine the taxonomic rank of problematic taxa. Anat Rec Part A 275A:1048,1072, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||