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General Relevance (general + relevance)
Selected AbstractsBook and Media ReviewsADDICTION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000David Ball Books reviewed in this article: Book reviews in this column will primarily be of titles focusing completely, or in part, on biological aspects of addiction. However, significant titles of general relevance to the addictions field will also be included, even if they are not "biological", as will titles of general methodological and clinical relevance, even if they are not on "addictions". Similar considerations will apply to other media (software, audio tapes and CDs, videos, etc). However, specific "addictions" software applications seem to be relatively uncommon and, as these items are rarely reviewed elsewhere, we will endeavour to include reviews of some of the older programmes that are still useful, as well as new titles that appear. I would appreciate suggesti ons of any items suitable for reviews, but especially software and other media of specifi c relevance to the addictions. Please contact: Dr David Ball, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK. Dual Diagnosis and Treatment: substance abuse and co-morbid medical and psychiatric disorders HENRY R. KRANZLER & BRUCE J. ROUNSAVILLE (Eds) Improving the Care of People in Substance Misuse Ser vices: clinical audit project examples KIRSTY MACLEAN STEEL & CLAIRE PALMER Software European Legal Texts on Drugs (CD-Rom) [source] Perspective: chromosomal aneuploidy in leukemia,lessons from down syndromeHEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Shai Izraeli Abstract Abnormal number of chromosomes, aneuploidy, is the most common abnormality in leukemia and cancer. However, the casual relationship between aneuploidy and cancer is unclear. Additional copies of chromosome 21 are frequently found in leukemic cells. Constitutional trisomy 21 that characterizes Down Syndrome is associated with markedly increased risk for childhood leukemia. In this perspective I review recent studies that suggest that constitutional trisomy 21 promotes leukemic transformation during fetal hematopoiesis. As most of childhood leukemias arise in-utero, these studies are of general relevance to sporadic childhood leukemias. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Disability Rights Commission: From Civil Rights to Social RightsJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 4 2008Agnes Fletcher This paper argues that, although originally conceived as part of the ,civil rights' agenda, the development of disability rights in Britain by the Disability Rights Commission (DRC) is better seen as a movement towards the realization of social, economic, and cultural rights, and so as reaffirmation of the indissolubility of human rights in the round. As such, that process of development represents a concrete exercise in the implementation of social rights by a statutory equality body and a significant step towards the conception of disability rights as universal participation, not just individual or minority group entitlement. The paper considers the distinctive features of that regulatory activity. It asks what sort of equality the DRC set out to achieve for disabled people and where, as a result, its work positioned it on the regulatory spectrum. From the particular experience of the DRC, the paper looks forward to considerations of general relevance to other such bodies, including the new Equality and Human Rights Commission. [source] Termination in Dilute-Solution Free-Radical Polymerization: A Composite ModelMACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 5 2003Gregory B. Smith Abstract Literature data are summarized for the chain-length-dependence of the termination rate coefficient in dilute solution free-radical polymerizations. In essence such experiments have yielded two parameter values: the rate coefficient for termination between monomeric free radicals, k, and a power-law exponent e quantifying how kt values decrease with increasing chain length. All indications are that the value e,,,0.16 in good solvent is accurate, however the values of k which have been deduced are considerably lower than well-established values for small molecule radicals. This seeming impasse is resolved by putting forward a ,composite' model of termination: it is proposed that the value e,,,0.16 holds only for long chains, with e being higher for small chains , the value 0.5 is used in this paper, although it is not held to dogmatically. It is then investigated whether this model is consistent with experimental data. This is a non-trivial task, because although the experiments themselves and the ways in which they are analyzed are elegant and not too complicated, the underlying theory is sophisticated, as is outlined. Simulations of steady-state polymerization experiments are first of all carried out, and it is shown that the composite model of termination both recovers the e values which have been found and beautifully explains why these experiments considerably underestimate the true value of k. Simulations of pulsed-laser polymerizations find the same, although not quite so strikingly. It is therefore concluded that our new termination model, which retains the virtue of simplicity and in which all parameter values are physically reasonable, is consistent with experimental data. Taking a wider view, it seems likely that the situation of the exponent e varying with chain length will not just be the case in dilute solution, but will be the norm for all conditions, which would give our model and our work a general relevance. Normalized chain length distributions from PLP simulations. [source] Sano di Pietro's Assunta polyptych for the Convent of Santa Petronilla in SienaRENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 4 2005Diana Norman Since its incorporation into Siena's first public art collection early in the nineteenth century, the provenance of Sano di Pietro's polyptych of The Virgin of the Assumption with Saints has been recognised as the Clarissan church of Santa Petronilla. To date, however, there has been very little comment as to the significance of the provenance of the altarpiece, particularly in relation to the choice of subject matter. This essay explores the complex history of this major Clarissan foundation in Siena, identifying its first location beyond Siena's principal northern gate of Porta Camollia and then describing its subsequent removal during the mid sixteenth century into the safety of the city itself and to the church where the altarpiece was discovered in 1810. Recognising that the presence of a Clarissan donor figure on the central painting of the polyptych provides plausible evidence that the altarpiece was commissioned for the original convent church, the essay further demonstrates how the circumstances of the foundation of Santa Petronilla in the second decade of the thirteenth century provide a key for the principal subject matter of the altarpiece. The remaining imagery of the altarpiece is then discussed in terms of its general relevance for a fifteenth-century community of Clarissan nuns and for the particular devotional concerns of the nuns of Santa Petronilla. It is argued that this late fifteenth-century Sienese altarpiece offers a revealing example of the way in which art commissioned by enclosed orders of female religious within Renaissance Italy could be closely related to their own concerns and priorities. (pp. 433,457) [source] From Polychronicity to Multitasking: The Warping of Time Across Disciplinary BoundariesANTHROPOLOGY OF WORK REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Amy Todd Abstract Anthropologist Edward T. Hall's contrast between polychronic and monochronic orientations toward time has stimulated research in the business and management sciences. While Hall's approach to time is ethnographic, the business and management sciences measure polychronicity with a survey instrument, the Inventory of Polychronic Values (IPV). An examination of the IPV and the results it has yielded, however, indicate that it is not measuring polychronicity in the ethnographic sense. The IPV remains firmly within monochronic time and thus fails to seriously engage cultural difference. The transformation of the ethnographic meaning of polychronic to a conceptual one raises methodological and analytical questions of general relevance to the cross-cultural study of work. [source] Trans -splicing of organelle introns , a detour to continuous RNAsBIOESSAYS, Issue 9 2009Stephanie Glanz Abstract In eukaryotes, RNA trans -splicing is an important RNA-processing form for the end-to-end ligation of primary transcripts that are derived from separately transcribed exons. So far, three different categories of RNA trans -splicing have been found in organisms as diverse as algae to man. Here, we review one of these categories: the trans -splicing of discontinuous group II introns, which occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria of lower eukaryotes and plants. Trans -spliced exons can be predicted from DNA sequences derived from a large number of sequenced organelle genomes. Further molecular genetic analysis of mutants has unravelled proteins, some of which being part of high-molecular-weight complexes that promote the splicing process. Based on data derived from the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model is provided which defines the composition of an organelle spliceosome. This will have a general relevance for understanding the function of RNA-processing machineries in eukaryotic organelles. [source] | |||||||||||||