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General Application (general + application)
Selected AbstractsNatural and accidental torsion in one-storey structures on elastic foundation under non-vertically incident SH-wavesEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 7 2006Javier Avilés Abstract Factors , and , used in equivalent static analysis to account for natural and accidental torsion are evaluated with consideration of soil,structure interaction. The combined torsional effects of structural asymmetry and foundation rotation are examined with reference to a single monosymmetric structure placed on a rigid foundation that is embedded into an elastic half-space, under to the action of non-vertically incident SH waves. Dynamic and accidental eccentricities are developed such that when used together with the code-specified base shear, the resulting static displacement at the flexible edge of the building is identical to that computed from dynamic analysis. It is shown that these eccentricities do not have a unique definition because they depend on both the selection of the design base shear and the criterion used for separation of the torsional effects of foundation rotation from those of structural asymmetry. Selected numerical results are presented in terms of dimensionless parameters for their general application, using a set of appropriate earthquake motions for ensuring generality of conclusions. The practical significance of this information for code-designed buildings is elucidated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Thermodynamic optimization of a solar system for cogeneration of water heating and absorption coolingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 13 2008R. Hovsapian Abstract This paper presents a contribution to understanding the behavior of solar-powered air conditioning and refrigeration systems with a view to determining the manner in which refrigeration rate, mass flows, heat transfer areas, and internal architecture are related. A cogeneration system consisting of a solar concentrator, a cavity-type receiver, a gas burner, and a thermal storage reservoir is devised to simultaneously produce heat (hot water) and cooling (absorption refrigerator system). A simplified mathematical model, which combines fundamental and empirical correlations, and principles of classical thermodynamics, mass and heat transfer, is developed. The proposed model is then utilized to simulate numerically the system transient and steady-state response under different operating and design conditions. A system global optimization for maximum performance (or minimum exergy destruction) in the search for minimum pull-down and pull-up times, and maximum system second law efficiency is performed with low computational time. Appropriate dimensionless groups are identified and the results are presented in normalized charts for general application. The numerical results show that the three-way maximized system second law efficiency, ,II,max,max,max, occurs when three system characteristic mass flow rates are optimally selected in general terms as dimensionless heat capacity rates, i.e. (,ss, ,wxwx, ,Hs)opt=(0.335, 0.28, 0.2). The minimum pull-down and pull-up times, and maximum second law efficiencies found with respect to the optimized operating parameters are sharp and, therefore, important to be considered in actual design. As a result, the model is expected to be a useful tool for simulation, design, and optimization of solar energy systems in the context of distributed power generation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Can the hybrid meta GGA and DFT-D methods describe the stacking interactions in conjugated polymers?JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2009Ahmed Dkhissi Abstract Newly developed hybrid meta density functionals and density functionals augmented by a classical London dispersion term have been systematically applied for the description of stacking energy and intermolecular distance of thiophene dimer and substituted thiophene dimer. The performance of the various approaches is compared with the benchmark ab-initio calculations done with CCSD(T) (Tsuzuki et al., JACS 2002, 124, 12200). Our results indicate that, contrary to the previous DFT methods which are not reliable, the new generation of DFT performs better the stacking interactions. These functionals, and especially those with an empirical correction, are suitable for general application in conducting polymers and, in particular, the modeling of solid state in which the overlap of ,-, interactions between the conjugated chains is important. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009 [source] Training Decision Makers , Tactical Decision GamesJOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2000Margaret T. Crichton There is growing recognition of the need to train non-technical skills, especially decision making, for emergency management in high reliability industries as well as in contained environments such as prisons. This article presents a training method, Tactical Decision Games, which appears to provide a good opportunity to practise the non-technical skills that would be required in the management of an emergency situation. Case studies from the UK nuclear power industry and the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) illustrate the adaptability and general application of TDGs for training of emergency response teams in a range of operational settings. [source] Synthesis of deuterated 4,4,-diaminodiphenylsulfone (Dapsone) and related analogsJOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 2 2003Peter M. Gannett Abstract A general scheme for the synthesis of 4,4,-diaminodiphenylsulfone-d5 (Dapsone) from aniline-d5 is described. The method may have general application and the preparation of the related analogs, 4,4,-dimethylaminodiphenyl sulfone from aniline-d5 and 4,4,-dimethoxydiphenyl sulfone from phenol-d5, is also described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Driving force in first-order phase transitions and its application to gas hydrate nucleation from a single phaseAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 9 2009Bernardo Carreón-Calderón Abstract Classical nucleation theories of general application are taken as starting point to analyze the driving force for multicomponent gas hydrate nucleation from a single homogeneous phase. It is shown that the ratio between the specific surface energy and the critical radius of nucleation has a single value irrespective of the analyzed driving force expression. From this result, two driving force expressions for multicomponent gas hydrate nucleation are derived in the context of the so-called generalized nucleation theory, and it is demonstrated that the driving force for gas hydrates can be estimated using the same information given for the determination of the incipient formation points of the dispersed phase from a saturated phase. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source] The manager's role in mobilizing and nurturing development: entrenched and engaged approaches to changeJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2010BA RGN RHV HVL RNT PGCE, SUSAN M. CARR PhD carr s.m. & clarke c.l. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 332,338 The manager's role in mobilizing and nurturing development: entrenched and engaged approaches to change Aims, Drawing on findings from the evaluation of a Health Action Zone (HAZ), this paper explores the manager's role in promoting and nurturing learning. Background, Initiating practice development is a core function of the manager's role. Learning must be nurtured to reach beyond individual to organizational learning and address knowledge exchange as well as creation. In the United Kingdom, HAZs were established to reduce health inequalities. They embraced a variety of service delivery approaches, all with an emphasis on developing new ways of working and innovation. Methods, Qualitative interviews of the HAZ coordinators, performance manager and staff delivering services. Results, Two alternative ways of engagement and entrenchment to practice were identified to developing new ways of working and learning from experience. Conclusions, Development of sustainable and enduring structures which facilitate learning at both individual and organizational levels are key to utilization of knowledge and accumulation of learning. Implications for nursing management, When entrenched and engaged experiential learning in practice are pursued, the role of the manager as a catalyst needs to be highlighted. A tool is proposed to facilitate reflection and promote action plan development. This tool has potential general application, but our experience is that it makes a specific contribution to public health and primary care. [source] Negotiation, Power in Conciliation, and Review of Compensation ClaimsLAW & POLICY, Issue 3 2002Robert Guthrie Workers Compensation claims are not interpersonal disputes. Almost always they are disputes between individuals and corporations. Compensation insurers are "repeat players" in the system. Workers are often "one,shotters" who have little or infrequent contact with the system. Power inequality between the worker, employer, insurer, and those who are required to facilitate negotiations and resolve and settle disputes under compensation legislation are matters of considerable importance. This paper examines the effects of the implementation, in 1993, of informal dispute resolution processes in the Western Australian workers compensation system under the Workers Compensation and Rehabilitation Act 1981(WA), which excluded lawyers from the process. It argues that preexisting power imbalances have been aggravated by these procedural changes, and in particular, by the exclusion of legal practitioners from the dispute resolution process. The issues raised herein have general application to most workers compensation systems. [source] Fish proteome analysis: Model organisms and non-sequenced speciesPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 4 2010Ignasi Forné Abstract In the last decade, proteomic technologies have been increasingly used in fish biology research. Proteomics has been applied primarily to investigate the physiology, development biology and the impact of contaminants in fish model organisms, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as in some commercial species produced in aquaculture, mainly salmonids and cyprinids. However, the lack of previous genetic information on most fish species has been a major drawback for a more general application of the different proteomic technologies currently available. Also, many teleosts of interest in biological research and with potential application in aquaculture hold unique physiological characteristics that cannot be directly addressed from the study of small laboratory fish models. This review describes proteomic approaches that have been used to investigate diverse biological questions in model and non-model fish species. We will also evaluate the current possibilities to integrate fish proteomics with other "omic" approaches, as well as with additional complementary techniques, in order to address the future challenges in fish biology research. [source] The transferential chimera: a clinical approachTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Winning article of the Special Michael Fordham 50th Anniversary Prize Abstract:, The author presents four quite different clinical situations which he believes show the development of an aspect of the transference as a genuinely autonomous psychical neo-reality of the transferential inter-space, which, in the words of Michel de M'Uzan, he calls the transferential chimera. Basing himself on a reading of ,The psychology of the transference', he goes on to propose a more general application of this particular transferential dynamic whose origin lies in matriarchal incest and which develops around the alchemical quaternio of the cross-projective space of the transference-counter transference and in the analytic setting. Finally, he examines the four clinical situations in the light of this application of the transference in order to propound an understanding of his reading, and proposes a hypothesis for the constitution of the transferential chimera out of the intermingling of the de-integrated parts of the self of the analyst and those of the analysand. Translations of Abstract L'auteur aborde ici quatre situations cliniques très différentes qui illustrent à ses yeux une dimension du transfert se développant comme une véritable néoréalité psychique autonome de l'entre-deux transférentiel, ce qu'il nomme, à la suite de Michel de M'Uzan, la chimère transférentielle. Il propose ensuite, en s'appuyant sur sa lecture de Psychologie du Transfert, une topique dynamique de cette chimère transférentielle dont la source énergétique est l'inceste à la mère, et qui s'organise autour du quaternio alchimique, de l'espace projectif/contre-projectif du transfert/contre-transfert, et du cadre analytique. Enfin il reprend les situations cliniques à la lumière de cette topique afin d'en proposer sa lecture, et il fait l'hypothèse de la constitution de cette chimère transférentielle à partir de l'intrication des parts dé-intégrées du soi de l'analyste et de celles du soi de l'analysant. Cet article sera suivi d'un second papier sur le sujet où l'auteur abordera plus précisément les aspects théoriques de cette notion de la chimère transférentielle. Der Autor stellt vier unterschiedliche klinische Situationen dar, von denen er glaubt, dass sie die Entwicklung eines Aspekts der Übertragung als eine echte autonome psychische Neorealität im Zwischenraum der Übertragung zeigen. Mit den Worten Michel de M'Uzans bezeichnet der Autor dies als die übertragende Chimäre. Er beruft sich dabei auf die Lektüre der Psychologie der Übertragung. Dann geht er einen Schritt weiter, um eine allgemeinere Anwendung dieser besonderen Übertragungsdynamik vorzuschlagen, deren Ursprung im matriarchalen Inzest liegt und die sich um die alchemistische Quaternio im Raum der sich überkreuzenden Projektionen der Übertragung/Gegenübertragung und im psychoanalytischen Setting entwickelt. Schließlich untersucht er die vier klinischen Situationen im Lichte dieser Anwendung der Übertragung, um sein Verständnis der Lektüre vorzulegen, und er schlägt eine Hypothese für die Konstitution der übertragenden Chimäre vor, die aus der Vermischung der deintegrierten Selbstanteile des Analytikers/der Analytikerin mit denen des Analysanden/der Analysandin entstehen. L'autore presenta quattro situazioni cliniche del tutto differenti fra loro che pensa possano mostrare lo sviluppo di un aspetto del tranfert come la costruzione genuinamente autonoma di una neo-realtà psichica dell'interspazio transferale, che, con le parole di Michel de M'Uzan, egli chiama la chimera transferale. Partendo da una personale lettura della Psicologia della Traslazione, va avanti proponendo una applicazione più generale di questa particolare dinamica transferale le cui origini giaccioni nell'incesto patriarcale e che si sviluppa intorno al quaternio alchemico dello spazio prospettico incrociato del tranfer e del controtranfert e nel setting analitico. In fine egli esamina le quattro situazioni cliniche alla luce di questa formulazione del transfert in modo da rendere comprensibile la sua lettura e propone un'ipotesi per il costituirsi della chimera tranferale fuori dal rimescolio delle parti de-integrate del sé dell'analista e di quelle dell'analizzando. El autor presenta cuatro situaciones clínicas muy diferentes las cuales según el cree, muestran el desarrollo de un aspecto de la transferencia como genuinamente y físicamente autónomo en el espacio neo-real del inter-espacio transferencial, el cual Michel de M'Uzan, denomina la quimera transferencial. Basándose en sus lecturas de Psicología de la Transferencia, llega a proponer una aplicación mas general para esta particular dinámica transferencial cuyo origen reposa en el incesto matriarcal y que crece alrededor del quaternio del espacio proyectivo de la transferencia-contratransferencia y en el encuadre analítico. Finalmente, examina las cuatro situaciones clínicas a la luz de esta aplicación de la transferencia para proponer un entendimiento de su lectura, y lanza la hipótesis para la constitución de la quimera transferencial desde la interconexión de las partes desintegradas del self del analista y las del analizando. [source] Application of general formulas for the correction of a lattice-translocation defect in crystals of a lentiviral integrase in complex with LEDGFACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 9 2009Stephen Hare The symmetry inherent to many biological macromolecular assemblies has been implicated in a range of crystal pathologies, including lattice-translocation defects (LTDs). Crystals suffering from classic LTDs contain two lattices that are shifted with respect to each other but nonetheless remain within the length of coherent interference. LTD introduces an undesirable intensity modulation into diffraction data, resulting in scrambled or partially scrambled electron densities. In this report, LTD theory is extended and a new general method for determining defect fractions is developed based on the heights of the non-origin peaks observed in native Patterson maps. The application of this method to crystals of lentiviral integrase in complex with its cofactor, where the observed translocation vector does not equal a small integral fraction of a unit-cell edge, is reported and its general application to all classic LTD cases is predicted. [source] Docking structures of domains into maps from cryo-electron microscopy using local correlationACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 10 2000Alan M. Roseman Accurate maps of large macromolecular complexes can be calculated from cryo-electron micrographs of non-crystalline specimens to resolutions of about 10,Å. A method to dock the atomic structures of domains solved by X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance into cryo-EM maps is presented. Domains can be docked independently into large complexes without prior definition of the boundaries. No special symmetry is assumed and the procedure is suitable for general application to almost any system where a cryo-EM map (at 15,Å resolution or better) of a complex has been obtained and the atomic structures of the components are available. This is achieved through use of a real-space density-matching procedure based on local correlation. A complete asymmetric unit search correlating a density object derived from the atomic coordinates and the density of the EM map is performed. The correlation coefficient is calculated locally in real space using only values of the search object and corresponding samples extracted from the EM map which are under the `footprint' of the positioned search object. The procedure has been demonstrated by docking the domains of GroEL from the crystal structure into a cryo-EM map Fourier filtered to 12 or 15,Å resolution. The correct positions were found without applying any additional constraints. A model of the oligomer built from the docked domains compared favourably with the known crystal structure, confirming the validity of the approach. The procedure is designed to facilitate the incorporation of additional constraints on the docking solutions, which could help to dock using lower resolution maps. [source] Activity-Based Protein Profiling for Type I Methionine Aminopeptidase by Using Photo-Affinity Trimodular ProbesCHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 12 2007Wen-Wei Qiu Dr. Three in one. A trimodular probe (1) with three functional groups (for target recognition, proximal target crosslinking, and distal reporter tag attachment via click chemistry of a photostable azido-acetyl group) has been designed. We demonstrate its specificity, sensitivity, and potential for general application in activity-based protein profiling for type I methionine aminopeptidases. [source] Asymmetric Allylation of Methyl Ketones by Using Chiral Phenyl CarbinolsCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 25 2009Abstract To methyl or to alkyl? High induced facial selectivities and excellent yields are obtained in the allylation of aliphatic methyl ketones by using a structurally simple phenylbenzyl auxiliary to give the corresponding homoallylic ethers (see scheme). The transferred auxiliary has a very good protecting quality and can easily be removed. Novel chiral auxiliaries for the stereoselective allylation of aliphatic methyl ketones with allyltrimethylsilane and their use in the synthesis of homoallylic ethers are described. In a multicomponent domino process catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, the allyl moiety and the auxiliary are transferred onto the substrate to yield tertiary homoallylic ethers. The most useful auxiliary for a general application turned out to be the trimethylsilyl ether of phenyl benzyl carbinol with an induced diastereoselectivity of 90:10 using ethyl methyl ketone and 94:6 using isopropyl methyl ketone as substrates. The transferred substituted benzyl moiety has good protecting properties in subsequent transformations and can easily be removed under reductive conditions to provide the corresponding homoallylic alcohol. The origin of the high selectivity could be elucidated by identifying the relevant transition states using quantum-chemical calculations. An excellent agreement between calculated and experimentally observed selectivities was obtained assuming an oxocarbenium ion as intermediate. [source] | |||||||||||||