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Genome Mapping (genome + mapping)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	71%

Selected Abstracts

A Review of Statistical Methods for Genome Mapping

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2000
Hywel B. Jones
Summary Framework maps of the human genome are an important staging post in the on-going effort to sequence the entire genome. The existence of high quality maps is also a prerequistite for studies attempting to determine the location of genes involved in common diseases. The basic experimental approaches to constructing both genetic and physical maps are briefly described as well as their respective uses. A variety of statistical approaches to map construction are outlined including parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methodologies. The mostly widely used of these, the method of maximum likelihood, is discussed in detail, particularly in the context of physical mapping using radiation hybrids. Finally, current statistical issues and problems in the field of genome mapping are described. Résumé Des cartes squelette du génome humain sont une étape, important dans l'effort actuel pour séquecer, le génome tout entier. L'existence de cartes de bonne qualité est aussi la condition d'études visant à localiser les génes, interwenant dans des maladies courantes. Les approches expérimentales de base pour construire tant des cartes génétigues, que physiques sont briévement, décrites ainsi que leurs usages respectifs. Plusieurs méthodes, statistiques de cartographie sont mises en relief: notamment celles de parcimonie, du maximum de vraisemblance et bayésiennce.La plus largement utilisée-laméthode, du maximum de vraisemblance-est examinéen détail, particuliérement pour la cartographue physique utilisant des phybrides d'irradiation Enfin sont abordés, divers questions et probémes, courants on matiéde cartographie génétique. [source]

Comparative and developmental study of the immune system in Xenopus

DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 6 2009
Jacques Robert
Abstract Xenopus laevis is the model of choice for evolutionary, comparative, and developmental studies of immunity, and invaluable research tools including MHC-defined clones, inbred strains, cell lines, and monoclonal antibodies are available for these studies. Recent efforts to use Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis for genetic analyses have led to the sequencing of the whole genome. Ongoing genome mapping and mutagenesis studies will provide a new dimension to the study of immunity. Here we review what is known about the immune system of X. laevis integrated with available genomic information from S. tropicalis. This review provides compelling evidence for the high degree of similarity and evolutionary conservation between Xenopus and mammalian immune systems. We propose to build a powerful and innovative comparative biomedical model based on modern genetic technologies that takes take advantage of X. laevis and S. tropicalis, as well as the whole Xenopus genus. Developmental Dynamics 238:1249,1270, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

A Review of Statistical Methods for Genome Mapping

Development and characterization of novel tetra-, tri-, and dinucleotide microsatellite markers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2005
I. B. SPIES
Abstract We discuss the development and characterization of 40 polymorphic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) microsatellite loci. We used enriched libraries to isolate 14 dinucleotide, seven trinucleodide, eight compound di/tetranucleotide, and 11 tetranucleotide loci. These markers will be useful for selective breeding via marker-assisted selection, population genetics studies, parentage analysis, and have already been used for genome mapping. [source]

Genomic and cDNA microsatellites from apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 4 2004
L. S. HAGEN
Abstract We developed primers for the amplification of 24 polymorphic nuclear microsatellites in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Thirteen loci originated from three genomic libraries enriched for TC, TG and AAG motifs. Eight loci were developed from three fruit EST (Expressed-Sequence-Tag) libraries and three from a leaf cDNA microsatellite-enriched library. There were up to nine alleles per polymorphic locus in 12 different cultivars. No difference in allele numbers were shown between cDNA and genomic-source loci. Mean expected heterozygosity was 0.65 (range: 0.15,0.87). Mendelian segregation was confirmed for all loci. These markers should be helpful for diversity studies, genome mapping and cultivar identification in apricot and related species. [source]

Novel SSR Markers for Polymorphism Detection in Pigeonpea (Cajanus spp.)

PLANT BREEDING, Issue 2 2010
R. K. Saxena
With 1 figure and 4 tables Abstract With an objective to expand the repertoire of molecular markers in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), 36 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were isolated from a SSR-enriched genomic library. Primer pairs were designed for 23 SSR loci, of which 16 yielded amplicons of expected size. Thirteen SSR markers were polymorphic amongst 32 cultivated and eight wild pigeonpea genotypes representing six Cajanus species. These markers amplified a total of 72 alleles ranging from two to eight alleles with an average of 5.5 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content for these markers ranged from 0.05 to 0.55 with an average of 0.32 per marker. Phenetic analysis clearly distinguished all wild species genotypes from each other and from the cultivated pigeonpea genotypes. These markers should be useful for genome mapping, trait mapping, diversity studies and assessment of gene flow between populations in pigeonpea. [source]

Persea americana (avocado): bringing ancient flowers to fruit in the genomics era

BIOESSAYS, Issue 4 2008
André S. Chanderbali
The avocado (Persea americana) is a major crop commodity worldwide. Moreover, avocado, a paleopolyploid, is an evolutionary "outpost" among flowering plants, representing a basal lineage (the magnoliid clade) near the origin of the flowering plants themselves. Following centuries of selective breeding, avocado germplasm has been characterized at the level of microsatellite and RFLP markers. Nonetheless, little is known beyond these general diversity estimates, and much work remains to be done to develop avocado as a major subtropical-zone crop. Among the goals of avocado improvement are to develop varieties with fruit that will "store" better on the tree, show uniform ripening and have better post-harvest storage. Avocado transcriptome sequencing, genome mapping and partial genomic sequencing will represent a major step toward the goal of sequencing the entire avocado genome, which is expected to aid in improving avocado varieties and production, as well as understanding the evolution of flowers from non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms). Additionally, continued evolutionary and other comparative studies of flower and fruit development in different avocado strains can be accomplished at the gene expression level, including in comparison with avocado relatives, and these should provide important insights into the genetic regulation of fruit development in basal angiosperms. BioEssays 30:386,396, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]