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Gender Disparities (gender + disparity)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	66%

Selected Abstracts

Gender Disparities in the Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Diabetes

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 7 2005
Samy I McFarlane MD
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Gender Disparity in Analgesic Treatment of Emergency Department Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 5 2008
Esther H. Chen MD
Abstract Objectives:, Oligoanalgesia for acute abdominal pain historically has been attributed to the provider's fear of masking serious underlying pathology. The authors assessed whether a gender disparity exists in the administration of analgesia for acute abdominal pain. Methods:, This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive nonpregnant adults with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain of less than 72 hours' duration who presented to an urban emergency department (ED) from April 5, 2004, to January 4, 2005. The main outcome measures were analgesia administration and time to analgesic treatment. Standard comparative statistics were used. Results:, Of the 981 patients enrolled (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] 41 ± 17 years; 65% female), 62% received any analgesic treatment. Men and women had similar mean pain scores, but women were less likely to receive any analgesia (60% vs. 67%, difference 7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1% to 13.6%) and less likely to receive opiates (45% vs. 56%, difference 11%, 95% CI = 4.1% to 17.1%). These differences persisted when gender-specific diagnoses were excluded (47% vs. 56%, difference 9%, 95% CI = 2.5% to 16.2%). After controlling for age, race, triage class, and pain score, women were still 13% to 25% less likely than men to receive opioid analgesia. There was no gender difference in the receipt of nonopioid analgesia. Women waited longer to receive their analgesia (median time 65 minutes vs. 49 minutes, difference 16 minutes, 95% CI = 3.5 to 33 minutes). Conclusions:, Gender bias is a possible explanation for oligoanalgesia in women who present to the ED with acute abdominal pain. Standardized protocols for analgesic administration may ameliorate this discrepancy. [source]

Gender disparities in mental health service use of Puerto Rican children and adolescents

THE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 8 2006
José J. Cabiya
Background:, Differences in service utilization indicating that boys use more mental health services than girls were analyzed to see if they could be explained by known correlates of service use. These correlates were arranged into individual (severe emotional disturbance, level of impairment and externalizing disorders), family (parental education, psychopathology and parental concern) and school factors (difficulties with school work). The objectives were to understand and identify the factors accounting for gender differences in mental health service utilization in order to develop alternatives to promote equity in service delivery. Methods:, A representative sample of 1,896 children 4 to 17 years of age and their primary caretakers were interviewed for this study. Reports of service use were obtained using the Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between gender and service use, adjusting for known correlates. Results:, Our results showed that, except for impairment, other individual, family and school factors did not explain gender differences in service utilization. Males with impairment were 2.87 times more likely to receive services than impaired females (p , .01), and this result continued to hold true for impaired undiagnosed boys compared to impaired diagnoses-free girls (p , .001). Conclusions:, Our findings showed a service disparity between impaired boys and girls who did not meet criteria for a DSM IV diagnosis, but no observed differences in service use between boys and girls who met criteria for severe emotional disturbance (SED). Continued investigations are necessary to analyze, assess and understand the different circumstances that bring boys and girls into treatment, followed by the development of appropriate intervention programs at the school and community levels. [source]

Ethnic and Racial Disparities in Emergency Department Care for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2003
Jeffrey J. Bazarian MD
Abstract Objectives: To identify racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in the emergency department (ED) care for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: A secondary analysis of ED visits in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the years 1998 through 2000 was performed. Cases of mTBI were identified using ICD-9 codes 800.0, 800.5, 850.9, 801.5, 803.0, 803.5, 804.0, 804.5, 850.0, 850.1, 850.5, 850.9, 854.0, and 959.01. ED care variables related to imaging, procedures, treatments, and disposition were analyzed along racial, ethnic, and gender categories. The relationship between race, ethnicity, and selected ED care variables was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression with control for associated injuries, geographic region, and insurance type. Results: The incidence of mTBI was highest among men (590/100,000), Native Americans/Alaska Natives (1026.2/100,000), and non-Hispanics (391.1/100,000). After controlling for important confounders, Hispanics were more likely than non-Hispanics to receive a nasogastric tube (OR, 6.36; 95% CI = 1.2 to 33.6); nonwhites were more likely to receive ED care by a resident (OR, 3.09; 95% CI = 1.9 to 5.0) and less likely to be sent back to the referring physician after ED discharge (OR, 0.47; 95% CI = 0.3 to 0.9). Men and women received equivalent ED care. Conclusions: There are significant racial and ethnic but not gender disparities in ED care for mTBI. The causes of these disparities and the relationship between these disparities and post-mTBI outcome need to be examined. [source]

Are men shortchanged on health?

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 4 2010
Perspective on life expectancy, morbidity, mortality in men, women in the United States
Summary Background:, Significant gender disparities exist in life expectancy and major disease morbidity. There is an urgent need to understand the major issues related to men's health that contributes to these significant disparities. It is hypothesized that men have higher and earlier morbidities, in addition to behavioral factors that contribute to their lower life expectancy. Methods:, Data was collected from CDC: Health United States, 2007; American Heart Association, American Obesity Association, and American Cancer Society. Results:, Men have lower life expectancy than women in most countries around the world including United States. This gender disparity is consistent regardless of geography, race and ethnicity. More men die of 12 out of the 15 leading causes of death than women. In addition, men have higher morbidity and mortality in coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Conclusions:, Men's lower life expectancy may be explained by biological and clinical factors such as the higher incidence of cardiovascular metabolic disease and cancer. In the context of public health, raising awareness of cardiovascular and metabolic health is needed to reduce the gender disparity. In addition, consideration of preventive and early detection/intervention programs may improve men's health. [source]

Explaining race, poverty, and gender disparities in advanced course-taking

JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2009
Dylan Conger
We use panel data on Florida high school students to examine race, poverty, and gender disparities in advanced course-taking. While white students are more likely to take advanced courses than black and Hispanic students, these disparities are eliminated when we condition on observable pre,high school characteristics. In fact, black and Hispanic students are more likely than observably similar white students to take advanced courses. Controlling for students' pre,high school characteristics substantially reduces poverty gaps, modestly reduces Asian,white gaps, and makes little dent in female,male gaps. Black and Hispanic students attend high schools that increase their likelihood of taking advanced courses relative to observably similar white students; this advantage is largely driven by minorities disproportionately attending magnet schools. Finally, recent federal and state efforts aimed at increasing access to advanced courses to poor and minority students appear to have succeeded in raising the share of students who take advanced courses from 2003 to 2006. However, secular trends (or spillovers of the policies to non-poor, non-minority students) have spurred faster growth for other students, contributing to widening demographic gaps in these years. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. [source]

Cancer Pain: An Age-Based Analysis

PAIN MEDICINE, Issue 10 2010
Carmen R. Green MD
Abstract Objective., Although cancer pain (consistent and breakthrough pain [BTP; pain flares interrupting well-controlled baseline pain]) is common among cancer patients, its characteristics, etiology, and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) across the lifespan are poorly understood. Design., This longitudinal study examines age-based differences and pain-related interference in young and old patients with cancer-related pain over 6 months. Patients in the community with stage III or IV breast, prostate, colorectal, or lung cancer, or stage II,IV multiple myeloma with BTP completed surveys (upon initial assessment, 3 and 6 months) assessing consistent pain, BTP, depressed affect, active coping ability, and HRQOL using previously validated measures. Results., Respondents (N = 96) were 70% white and 66% female, with a mean age of 57 ± 10 years. There were no significant differences in pain severity based upon age. However, the younger group experienced more pain flares with greater frequency (P = 0.05). The oldest group had better emotional functioning at baseline but worse physical functioning at 6 months. Younger groups also had worse cognitive functioning at 6 months (P = 0.03). Pain interference was independent of age. Conclusions., These data provide evidence for the significant toll of cancer pain on overall health and well-being of young and old adults alike but demonstrate an increased toll for younger adults (especially financially). Beyond race and gender disparities, further health care disparities in the cancer and cancer pain were identified by age, illustrating the need for additional research across the lifespan in diverse cancer survivors. [source]

Love Me, Hurt Me, Heal Me,Isolde Healer and Isolde Lover in Gottfried's Tristan

THE GERMAN QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2009
Katja Altpeter-Jones
This article examines representations of women as healers and lovers in Gottfried's von Strassburg Tristan. I argue that Gottfried's casting of women,Queen Isolde, Isolde the Fair, and Tristan's mother Blanscheflur,as healers emphasizes notions of gender disparities that lie at the core of medico-scientific and literary depictions of lovesickness. Gottfried, however, in contrast to other authors whose names are associated with the Tristan and Isolde story, creates two Isoldes out of one. By carving the character of Queen Isolde out of Isolde the Fair, Gottfried ingeniously separates the hurtful and healing Queen Isolde from the lover, Isolde the Fair. In doing so, he abandons the tension that is constitutive of the depictions of unfulfilled love in Minnesang poetry where women are both adored and dreaded, bring both intense joy and unbearable misery, and carry the key to greatest physical wellbeing as well as to death. He is able, in turn, to create the experience of love,though still painful,as something based on parity and correspondence. Gottfried's subtle rewriting of the roles of Isolde the Fair and Queen Isolde especially with regard to their capacities as healers is, I argue, a key element in his conception of a novel kind of male-female relationship, commonly referred to by scholars as Tristanminne. [source]

European Graduates: cross,country diversity and gender disparity

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, Issue 4 2002
Torgerdur Einarsdóttir
First page of article [source]

Are men shortchanged on health?

Preoperative Differences Between Male and Female Patients With Sleep Apnea,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 9 2001
Regina Paloyan Walker MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate the differences between female and male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in the preoperative period. Study Design Nonrandomized cross-sectional study. Methods An analysis of 686 patients (111 women and 575 men) with OSAS was completed. Multivariate modeling techniques were employed to correlate gender with the preoperative respiratory disturbance index (RDI), apnea index (AI), hypopnea index (HI), body mass index (BMI), age, and initial symptoms. Results At presentation, the male patients were significantly younger and had a lower BMI and a higher RDI and AI than the female patients. For the entire OSAS population studied, the RDI increased as the BMI increased (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.35, P = <.001). For the female patients there was a weaker correlation (r = 0.21, P = .034), and in male patients there was a stronger correlation (r = 0.40, P <.001). For the entire population there was a negative correlation between age and RDI (r = ,0.15, P <.001). In female patients there was a nonsignificant correlation (r = ,0.09, P = .35), and in male patients the correlation was significant (r = ,0.16, P <.001). There was no difference in the reporting of the number of symptoms based on gender (P = .355). Female patients noted headaches on awakening more commonly than male patients (P = .001), and male patients noted snoring (P = .014) and stopping breathing during sleep (P = .001) more often than female patients. Conclusions The analysis demonstrated that within a surgical population sample, gender differences exist. The findings of this series were as follows: 1) Apnea severity in women was less weight-dependent than in men; (2) in men there was a significant negative correlation between age and apnea severity; and (3) female and male patients reported the same number of signs or symptoms on presentation, although certain signs and symptoms were more commonly reported based on gender. Current clinical evaluation practices must take into account this gender disparity. [source]

Role of endogenous testosterone concentration in pediatric stroke,

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2009
Sandra Normann MD
Previous studies have indicated a male predominance in pediatric stroke. To elucidate this gender disparity, total testosterone concentration was measured in children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; n = 72), children with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT; n = 52), and 109 healthy controls. Testosterone levels above the 90th percentile for age and gender were documented in 10 children with AIS (13.9%) and 10 with CSVT (19.2%), totaling 16.7% of patients with cerebral thromboembolism overall, as compared with only 2 of 109 controls (1.8%; p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis with adjustment for total cholesterol level, hematocrit, and pubertal status, elevated testosterone was independently associated with increased disease risk (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: overall = 3.98 [1.38,11.45]; AIS = 3.88 [1.13,13.35]; CSVT = 5.50 [1.65,18.32]). Further adjusted analyses revealed that, for each 1nmol/l increase in testosterone in boys, the odds of cerebral thromboembolism were increased 1.3-fold. Ann Neurol 2009;66:754,758 [source]

Gender Disparity in Analgesic Treatment of Emergency Department Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain

Issues regarding nonattendance at a paediatric dermatology centre

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2002
K. L. Hon
Summary Nonattendance in paediatric dermatology clinics is a significant problem. We reviewed the charts of all 400 new referrals to the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) paediatric dermatology clinic in the year 2000. Sixty-six patients (17%) did not attend. The mean age ± SD of attenders (7.5 ± 5.1 years) and nonattenders (7.7 ± 4.5 years) did not differ significantly. Forty-eight per cent of the referrals were females, 50% of the attenders were females and 67% of the nonattenders were male. Males were 2.1-fold more likely not to attend clinic relative to females (95% confidence interval 1.14,3.71, P = 0.010). Nonattendance was significantly higher among referrals from the PWH emergency department, compared with referrals by private practitioners (P = 0.05) and referrals by other clinics in the PWH. Data in this retrospective study confirm that there is a gender disparity in hospital nonattendance. More dermatological referrals but more nonattendance were associated with the male patients. [source]