			Home About us Contact

Gastric Volume (gastric + volume)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Gastroenterology & Hepatology	80%
Anesthesia & Pain Management	20%

Selected Abstracts

Effect of proton pump inhibition on the gastric volume: assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 8 2009
A. BABAEI
Summary Background Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is known to suppress gastric acid secretion. Thus PPI therapy may decrease gastric volume and gastric contents available for gastro-oesophageal reflux by decreasing acid secretion. Aim To determine the effect of PPI therapy on the gastric volume after a standard meal. Methods A total of nine healthy subjects were studied using magnetic resonance imaging, before and after a standard liquid meal mixed with a paramagnetic contrast to help demarcate the gastric region. Images were acquired for a total of 90 min after the meal. Studies were conducted before and following esomeprazole twice daily for 7 days. Images were analysed to determine the gastric liquid volume. Results Gastric volume, 15 min after the meal peaked to 611 ± 37 mL on the control day and 539 ± 30 mL following the PPI administration (P < 0.001). Average gastric volume remained significantly lower (56 ± 9 mL, P < 0.05) on the PPI therapy from 5 to 75 min after the meal. Conclusions Proton pump inhibitor therapy causes a significant reduction in the gastric contents volume during first 75 min after the meal. In addition to increasing the gastric pH, PPI therapy may decrease the frequency of gastro-oesophageal reflux by decreasing the volume of gastric contents. [source]

Gastric tone, volume and emptying after implantation of an intragastric balloon for weight control

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 9 2010
S. Layec
Abstract Background, The intragastric balloon, filled with air or liquid is used before elective bariatric surgery because its efficacy is limited. This might be the consequence of altered gastric functions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, in an animal model, the changes in gastric motility and emptying induced by long-term insertion of a balloon used for weight reduction. Methods, Ten Göttingen mini-pigs were allocated into two groups with and without an intragastric balloon for 5 months. Balloons were inserted under endoscopy during general anesthesia and were filled with 350 mL of air. Gastric emptying was evaluated by scintigraphy. Gastric volume was measured by single photon emission computed tomography and proximal gastric compliance obtained using an electronic barostat. Changes in vagal tone were assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). Key Results, After balloon insertion, gastric volume was significantly increased (2047 ± 114.8 cm3 after vs 1674 ± 142.5 cm3 before insertion, P < 0.05). Gastric compliance was also larger in balloon group (219 ± 23.4 mL mmHg,1 in balloon vs 168 ± 7.7 mL mmHg,1 in control group). Gastric emptying was reduced after insertion of the balloon (T1/2 = 204 ± 28.8 min vs 159 ± 25.4 before vs after insertion). High frequency components of the spectral analysis of HRV, representing vagal tone, were increased in balloon group. Conclusions & Inferences, The proximal stomach was enlarged after the insertion of a balloon in the stomach as a consequence of an increased gastric compliance. This change in compliance was probably causative for a reduction in gastric emptying rate of solids. These alterations were associated with increased vagal tone. [source]

Comparison of gastric volumes in response to isocaloric liquid and mixed meals in humans

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 5 2004
H. De Schepper
Abstract Aims:, To compare gastric volume responses to ingestion of isocaloric liquid or mixed (solid,liquid) meals and document the intra- and interindividual reproducibility of gastric volume measurement using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging after i.v. 99mTc-pertechnetate. Methods:, Eight healthy volunteers performed two studies at least 9 months apart. Gastric volumes were measured after a 317 kcal liquid nutrient meal. Within 2 weeks of the second liquid meal study, participants performed a third study, ingesting an isocaloric mixed meal. The order of the mixed and second liquid meals was randomized; Bland,Altman plot displayed data on repeated studies with liquid meal and paired t -test compared gastric volumes after mixed or liquid isocaloric meals. Results:, Fasting and postprandial gastric volumes associated with the two liquid meals were not significantly different; inter- and intra-individual coefficients of variation were 13 and 13.8%. In response to the mixed meal, there was a lower absolute postprandial volume and lower change in gastric volume over fasting volume compared with the response to the liquid meal (P = 0.0001). Conclusion:, The SPECT measurement of gastric volumes in response to a nutrient liquid meal is reproducible. The magnitude of the volume response is greater after the liquid meal compared with the isocaloric mixed meal. [source]

Effect of the preliminary hydration on gastric emptying time for water in healthy volunteers

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2009
T. UMENAI
Background: International guidelines allow healthy patients to drink clear liquid up to 2 h before general anesthesia. Recently, MRI measurements have been used for tracking gastric volume in humans. Hence, we used MRI to examine the gastric emptying rate of water in healthy volunteers with or without prior water loading. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers were enrolled. The participants had MRI examinations on separate days under two different protocols: The preliminary hydration protocol (group H) and the water restriction protocol (group R). After the intake of water, MR imaging was performed every 10 min for 60 min. The gastric content was outlined as area of interest (AOI), and the AOI area of each slice was summated to calculate the volume of gastric contents. Results: The 50% reduction time of gastric volume in group R and group H was 18±9 and 16±8 min (mean±SD), respectively. There were no significant changes between the two groups. Conclusion: The gastric emptying time for water evaluated with MRI was not affected by preliminary hydration, which shows the safety of repeated oral hydrations in the pre-operative period. [source]

Effect of proton pump inhibition on the gastric volume: assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of tegaserod on gastric motor, sensory and myoelectric function in healthy volunteers

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 5 2006
N. J. TALLEY
Summary Background The effects of tegaserod on gastric accommodation and postprandial satiety remain unclear. Aim To compare the effects of tegaserod 6 mg twice daily vs. placebo on gastric volumes, postprandial symptoms, gastric emptying, small bowel transit and the surface electrogastrogram in female and male healthy volunteers. Methods Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated gastric function before and after 7 days of tegaserod 6 mg twice daily (n = 21) vs. placebo (n = 20) in healthy volunteers. Validated methods were used to study gastric emptying, myoelectrical activity, volumes and satiation postnutrient challenge. Results There were no significant effects of tegaserod on the primary endpoints assessing gastric function: emptying of solids or liquids, total gastric volumes or myoelectrical activity. Maximum tolerated volume and aggregate symptom score with nutrient challenge on placebo were 1035 mL (±44) and 130 (±15) vs. 989 mL (±43) and 117 (±15) during tegaserod, respectively (all P = N.S.). Postprandial change in proximal gastric volume by single photon emission-computed tomography was decreased in females on tegaserod (246 ± 30) vs. placebo (358 ± 32) (P = 0.015). Proximal fasting volumes in females were increased on tegaserod (126 ± 12) vs. placebo (92 ± 13) (P = 0.066). Conclusions While tegaserod decreased proximal gastric volume change after a meal, it does not appear to have significant effects on gastric motor and sensory function in healthy individuals. Further studies are required in patients with disturbances of gastric motor and sensory function. [source]

Gastric tone, volume and emptying after implantation of an intragastric balloon for weight control

Novel pharmacology: asimadoline, a ,-opioid agonist, and visceral sensation

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 9 2008
M. Camilleri
Abstract, Asimadoline is a potent ,-opioid receptor agonist with a diaryl acetamide structure. It has high affinity for the , receptor, with IC50 of 5.6 nmol L,1 (guinea pig) and 1.2 nmol L,1 (human recombinant), and high selectively with , : , : , binding ratios of 1 : 501 : 498 in human recombinant receptors. It acts as a complete agonist in in vitro assay. Asimadoline reduced sensation in response to colonic distension at subnoxious pressures in healthy volunteers and in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients without alteration of colonic compliance. Asimadoline reduced satiation and enhanced the postprandial gastric volume (in female volunteers). However, there were no significant effects on gastrointestinal transit, colonic compliance, fasting or postprandial colonic tone. In a clinical trial in 40 patients with functional dyspepsia (Rome II), asimadoline did not significantly alter satiation or symptoms over 8 weeks. However, asimadoline, 0.5 mg, significantly decreased satiation in patients with higher postprandial fullness scores, and daily postprandial fullness severity (over 8 weeks); the asimadoline 1.0 mg group was borderline significant. In a clinical trial in patients with IBS, average pain 2 h post- on-demand treatment with asimadoline was not significantly reduced. Post hoc analyses suggest that asimadoline was effective in mixed IBS. In a 12-week study in 596 patients, chronic treatment with 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg asimadoline was associated with adequate relief of pain and discomfort, improvement in pain score and number of pain-free days in patients with IBS-D. The 1.0 mg dose was also efficacious in IBS-alternating. There were also weeks with significant reduction in bowel frequency and urgency. Asimadoline has been well tolerated in human trials to date. [source]

Comparison of gastric volumes in response to isocaloric liquid and mixed meals in humans

Effects of duodenal fat, protein or mixed-nutrient infusions on epigastric sensations during sustained gastric distension in healthy humans

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 2 2002
C. FEINLE
Duodenal fat modulates sensory and motor responses to gastric distension and raises plasma cholecystokinin compared with glucose. The effects of protein (also releasing cholecystokinin), or mixed nutrients (with a balanced macronutrient composition), on gastrointestinal sensations in relation to gastric relaxation and plasma cholecystokinin concentrations are not known. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the effects of duodenal infusion of fat, protein or mixed nutrients during sustained gastric distension (mimicking the intragastric presence of food) on these parameters. In 10 healthy subjects, gastric distension to fullness was maintained for 90 min, while gastric volume, sensations and plasma cholecystokinin were monitored during duodenal infusion of isotonic saline or nutrients (2 kcal min,1). During saline infusion, all parameters remained unchanged for 90 min. Initially, only lipid increased plasma cholecystokinin, gastric volume and scores for sensations. Cholecystokinin and gastric volume responses to protein and mixed nutrients were delayed and not associated with significant changes in sensations. In conclusion, the intensity of gastrointestinal sensations is related to, but not entirely explained by, the magnitude in intragastric volume and plasma cholecystokinin changes. Our results offer new insights into the role of dietary nutrient composition in gastrointestinal sensations, and may have implications for the dietary management of digestive symptoms. [source]

Gastric contents in pediatric patients following bone marrow transplantation

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 7 2010
GHASSAN WAHBEH MD
Summary Background:, Graft versus host disease (GVHD) of the gut is thought to delay gastric emptying and so may increase the risk of aspirating retained contents while under anesthesia. Knowing that gastric emptying is delayed in patients with GVHD might lead one to choose to intubate the trachea for all patients with suspected GVHD, who present for diagnostic esophagogastricduodenoscopy (EGD). We are not aware of published data that gives specific guidance as to the need for intubation in the pediatric bone marrow or stem cell transplantation (BMT) population. This review was intended to evaluate the gastric contents (pH and volume) in this group of patients, to provide anesthesiologists with data that would inform their decisions about airway management for these patients. Methods:, Retrospective chart review of patients ,19 years of age undergoing EGD between 2004 and 2006. Gastric content volume and pH were measured in addition to underlying disease state and treatment. We compared BMT patients with suspected GVHD to nontransplant patients with other underlying gastrointestinal conditions. Results:, Data were obtained for 77 patients post-BMT undergoing EGD, including 40 patients whose biopsies and endoscopic findings were positive for GVHD, and 37 patients with no demonstrable GVHD. Records of 144 non-BMT patients undergoing EGD within the same study period were also reviewed. Conclusion:, Patients in the BMT group overall did not have higher volumes when compared to non-BMT patients. A secondary comparison of BMT patients who were found to have GVHD vs BMT patients without GVHD suggests that gastric content volume may be elevated with GVHD. Patients in the BMT group had statistically significantly higher gastric pH than patients in the non-BMT group. It is possible that the higher gastric volume in the GVHD-positive group could put them at slightly higher risk for aspiration, but the severity of any pneumonitis, should aspiration occur, might be mitigated, by the tendency toward a higher gastric pH in the BMT patients. [source]

The effect of ranitidine versus proton pump inhibitors on gastric secretions: a meta-analysis of randomised control trials

ANAESTHESIA, Issue 6 2009
K. Clark
Summary Aspiration of acid into the lungs is an infrequent but potentially devastating complication of general anaesthesia. Routine practice often includes use of pharmacological agents to reduce gastric volume and increase gastric pH. The aim of this study was to compare the net benefit of proton pump inhibitors with histamine 2 blockers in a meta-analysis. Electronic databases were searched for trials that compared ranitidine vs proton pump inhibitors in their effect on volume and pH of gastric fluid aspirates. We identified nine trials of which seven were suitable for meta-analysis. Pooled outcomes suggest that premedication with ranitidine is more effective than proton pump inhibitors in reducing the volume of gastric secretions (by an average of 0.22 ml.kg,1; 95% confidence interval 0.04,0.41) and increasing gastric pH (by an average of 0.85 pH units; 95% confidence interval ,1.14 to ,0.28). [source]

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of tegaserod on gastric motor, sensory and myoelectric function in healthy volunteers