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105/g Faeces (g + faeces)
Selected AbstractsPooled faecal culture for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in goatsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007GJ Eamens Objective, To evaluate pooled faecal culture for herd diagnosis of caprine Johne's disease and relate these findings to faecal shedding rates of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map). Design, Radiometric broth culture was applied to several pooling dilutions, and shedding rates were estimated from a regression equation based on bacterial growth rates and known processing losses during radiometric culture. Procedure, Sixteen faecal samples from goats naturally infected with sheep (n = 3) or cattle (n = 13) strains of Map, were diluted in normal goat faeces from 1 in 5 to 1 in 50. Cultures were confirmed by IS900 polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis, and mycobactin dependency. The numbers of viable Map in the culture inocula were determined by endpoint titration (most probable number) of nine samples and related to a cumulative growth index. Results, A pooling dilution of 1 in 25 with an incubation period of 10 weeks detected 13 of 16 culture positive goats, all shedding , 2 × 104 Map per gram of faeces. Two samples containing very low numbers of Map (< 2 × 103/g) were only culture positive from undiluted faeces. Thirteen of 16 goats were considered to be shedding low to moderate concentrations of Map (< 2 × 105/g faeces). Conclusions, These data support a pooling dilution of 1 in 25 for application of pooled faecal culture as a diagnostic tool in caprine Johne's disease control. A test based on this dilution would reduce laboratory costs of whole herd testing in goats by approximately 40% relative to serology and 75 to 90% relative to individual faecal culture. [source] Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infantsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2009F Savino Abstract Objective:, To determine the presence of intestinal coliform bacteria in colicky vs healthy infants. Study design:, We isolated coliform strains from faeces and performed quantitative bacterial cultures in 41 colicky and 39 healthy breastfed infants, identified using PCR with species-specific primers, strain-specific Automated Ribotyping and the API-50E kit for Enterobacteriaceae to identify the most frequent strains. Results:, Coliform strains were more abundant in colicky infants (median 6.04 log10 CFU/g faeces, range 2.00,8.76) vs controls (median 4.47 log10 CFU/g faeces, range 1.00,8.08) (p = 0.026). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, E. aerogenes and Enterococcus faecalis were the predominant species in colicky and healthy infants. The counts of each bacterial species differed between the two groups, and the difference was significant (p = 0.002) for E. coli: median 6.30 log10 CFU/g faeces (range 3.00,8.74) in colicky infants, and median 4.70 log10 CFU/g faeces (range 2.00,5.85) in controls. Conclusions:, This is the first study to evaluate the colonization patterns of gas-forming coliforms in colicky infants and healthy controls identified by molecular methods. Coliform bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, were found to be more abundant in colicky infants. Our data could help to shed light on the cause of infantile colic. [source] IgA response of BALB/c mice to orally administered Salmonella typhimurium flagellin-displaying T2 bacteriophagesBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2009Aidan Synnott Abstract Salmonella typhimurium antigens were displayed on the capsid of a T2 bacteriophage to explore the potential of phage display for an oral vaccine. Segments of the flagellin proteins FliC (H1 antigen) and FljB (H2) were fused to the N-terminal of T2 phage SOC to give two recombinant phages, T2FliCm and T2FljBm. Over 14 days, 19 BALB/c mice were orally administered twice, either with purified recombinant FliCm and FljBm protein, or T2FliCm and T2FljBm with or without host Escherichia coli. Feces were sampled over 10 weeks and examined for phage by plaque assay and for the presence of mucosal IgA by ELISA. Relatively few phages were detected relative to the amount administered (up to 8.21 × 103 PFU/g faeces) and none were detected five days after initial administration. The administration of a large number of phages appeared to cause no clinical symptoms. IgA concentration in feces peaked around four weeks after the second administration and subsided after eight weeks. The highest relative titers were observed in the protein group (0.37% for anti-FliCm and 0.22% for anti-FljBm) and the mouse group which received no E. coli (0.33% and 0.35%) despite the theoretical amount of protein contained in a phage dose being at least 80,465 times lower than the protein dose administered. The possibility that the immuno-stimulatory properties of the phage create an adjuvant effect to enhance the immunogenic properties of the displayed proteins is discussed. We conclude that phage may be valuable as a vector for oral vaccines. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009 [source] Evaluation of faecal calprotectin as a valuable non-invasive marker in distinguishing gut pathogens in young children with acute gastroenteritisACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2010Josef Sıkora Abstract Aim:, The aim of the study is to evaluate faecal calprotectin (f-CP) in children ,3 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (AG) as an early predictor of bacterial inflammation. Methods:, We prospectively analysed f-CP levels and diagnostic workup in 107 consecutive children (66 AG, 41 controls). Results:, Children with bacterial AG (BAG) was found to have higher diarrheal frequency (p < 0.01), fever (p < 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001), white blood count (p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001) compared with viral AG (VAG). Vomiting was frequent in VAG (p < 0.001). f-CP negatively correlated with age in controls (r = ,0.5998). BAG demonstrated significantly higher f-CP levels [median, 219 ,g/g, interquartile range (IQR): 119,350.2] compared with VAG (49.3 ,g/g, IQR: 8.8,131.1) as well as controls (26.5 ,g/g, IQR: 14.9,55.1) (p < 0.001). VAG and control f-CP levels were similar. f-CP was the best-rated marker of BAG with a diagnostic accuracy of 92%. Receiver,operator characteristic analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.95 for identifying BAG; sensitivity and specificity of f-CP were 93% and 88%, respectively, at an adjusted cut-off point of 103.9 ,g/g faeces. Combined f-CP and CRP yield improved diagnostic accuracy of 94% for BAG. Conclusion:, f-CP facilitates early discrimination between bacterial and viral causes of AG in young children. Combining f-CP with CRP increases the diagnostic power of diagnosing BAG. [source] | ||||||||||