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Future Treatment Strategies (future + treatment_strategy)
Selected AbstractsOn the role of cortical glutamate inobsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, two phenomenologically antithetical conditionsACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2000Maria L. CarlssonArticle first published online: 24 DEC 200 Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the phenomenology and pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/deficits in attention, motor control and perception (ADHD/DAMP). Method: Through detailed studies of the literature on OCD and ADHD/DAMP the phenomenology of these two conditions is compared, and possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involving interactions between glutamate, dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine are discussed, with emphasis on OCD. The present paper also discusses possible mechanisms of action for current pharmacological treatments of OCD and ADHD, as well as possible future treatment strategies for these disorders. Results: OCD and ADHD/DAMP are common neuropsychiatric conditions which in many regards appear to be each other's antipodes with respect to clinical manifestations, associated personality traits and brain biochemistry, notably prefrontal cortical glutamate activity. Future pharmacological treatments of these disorders may involve manipulations with glutamate, dopamine D1, serotonin 2A and nicotine receptors. Conclusion: It appears that OCD is a hyperglutamatergic and ADHD a hypoglutamatergic condition, with prefrontal brain regions being especially affected. [source] Magnetic resonance techniques for the in vivo assessment of multiple sclerosis pathology: Consensus report of the white matter study groupJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 6 2005Massimo Filippi MD Abstract On October 9,11, 2003, the third meeting of the White Matter Study Group of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine was held in Venice, Italy. This article is the report of the meeting on how to use MRI in the diagnostic workup of multiple sclerosis (MS) and allied white matter disorders, and to define the nature and the extent of MS pathology in vivo. Both of these steps are central to the design of future treatment strategies aimed at limiting the functional consequences of the most disabling aspects of this disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:669,675. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Advances in understanding and treatment of immune-mediated disorders of the peripheral nervous systemMUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 2 2004Bernd C. Kieseier MD Abstract During recent years, novel insights in basic immunology and advances in biotechnology have contributed to an increased understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of immune-mediated disorders of the peripheral nervous system. This increased knowledge has an impact on the management of patients with this class of disorders. Current advances are outlined and their implication for therapeutic approaches addressed. As a prototypic immune-mediated neuropathy, special emphasis is placed on the pathogenesis and treatment of the Guillain,Barré syndrome and its variants. Moreover, neuropathies of the chronic inflammatory demyelinating, multifocal motor, and nonsystemic vasculitic types are discussed. This review summarizes recent progress with currently available therapies and,on the basis of present immunopathogenetic concepts,outlines future treatment strategies. Muscle Nerve 30: 131,136, 2004 [source] Effects of optic nerve injury, glaucoma, and neuroprotection on the survival, structure, and function of ganglion cells in the mammalian retinaTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 18 2008A. J. Weber Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that originates with pressure-induced damage to the optic nerve. This results in the retrograde degeneration of ganglion cells in the retina, and a progressive loss of vision. Over the past several years, a number of studies have described the structural and functional changes that characterize ganglion cell degeneration in the glaucomatous eye, and following optic nerve injury. In addition, a variety of different strategies for providing neuroprotection to the injured retina have been proposed. Many of these are based on the use of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a particularly potent neuroprotectant in the mammalian eye and the basis of our research in this area. Of particular importance is the fact that BDNF not only promotes ganglion cell survival following damage to the optic nerve, but also helps to preserve the structural integrity of the surviving neurons, which in turn results in enhanced visual function. The studies presented here describe these attributes, and serve as the foundation for ongoing work that suggests a need to think beyond the eye in the development of future treatment strategies. [source] Which place for surgery for macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy ?ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009JB JONAS Purpose To present treatment options for macular edema Methods The various types of macular edema will briefly be discussed and available and potentially future treatment strategies will be presented. Results The results of the current multicenter trials as well as the findings of previous studies using different medical agents for the treatment of diabetic macular edema will be compared. Conclusion It may still be unclear which treatment strategy appears to be the best for which type of diabetic macular edema. Commercial interest [source] | ||||||||||