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Future Status (future + status)
Selected AbstractsHypoxia-based habitat compression of tropical pelagic fishesFISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 6 2006ERIC D. PRINCE Abstract Large areas of cold hypoxic water occur as distinct strata in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) and Atlantic oceans as a result of high productivity initiated by intense nutrient upwelling. We show that this stratum restricts the depth distribution of tropical pelagic marlins, sailfish, and tunas by compressing the acceptable physical habitat into a narrow surface layer. This layer extends downward to a variable boundary defined by a shallow thermocline, often at 25 m, above a barrier of cold hypoxic water. The depth distributions of marlin and sailfish monitored with electronic tags and average dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature profiles show that this cold hypoxic environment constitutes a lower habitat boundary in the ETP, but not in the western North Atlantic (WNA), where DO is not limiting. Eastern Pacific and eastern Atlantic sailfish are larger than those in WNA, where the hypoxic zone is much deeper or absent. Larger sizes may reflect enhanced foraging opportunities afforded by the closer proximity of predator and prey in compressed habitat, as well as by the higher productivity. The shallow band of acceptable habitat restricts these fishes to a very narrow surface layer and makes them more vulnerable to over-exploitation by surface gears. Predictably, the long-term landings of tropical pelagic tunas from areas of habitat compression have been far greater than in surrounding areas. Many tropical pelagic species in the Atlantic Ocean are currently either fully exploited or overfished and their future status could be quite sensitive to increased fishing pressures, particularly in areas of habitat compression. [source] A proactive management algorithm for self-healing mobile ad hoc networksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2008Adel F. Iskander The ability to proactively manage mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is critical for supporting complex services such as quality of service, security and access control in these networks. This paper focuses on the problem of managing highly dynamic and resource-constrained MANET environments through the proposal of a novel proactive management algorithm (PMA) for self-healing MANETs. PMA is based on an effective integration of autonomous, predictive and adaptive distributed management strategies. Proactive management is achieved through the distributed analysis of the current performance of the mobile nodes utilizing an optimistic discrete event simulation method, which is used to predict the mobile nodes' future status, and execution a proactive fault-tolerant management scheme. PMA takes advantage of distributed parallel processing, flexibility and intelligence of active packets to minimize the management overhead, while adapting to the highly dynamic and resource-constrained nature of MANETs. The performance of the proposed architecture is validated through analytical performance analysis and comparative simulation with the Active Virtual Network Management Protocol. The simulation results demonstrate that PMA not only significantly reduces management control overhead, but also improves both the performance and the stability of MANETs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cancer, chitosan nanoparticles and catalytic nucleic acidsJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2009Mei Lin Tan Abstract Objectives The aim of this review was to examine gene therapy involving DNAzyme and siRNA encapsulation into chitosan nanoparticles, discussing the current and future status of this drug delivery system in enhancing drug delivery and cancer therapy. Key findings Cancer is a disease state in which the cells in our body undergo mutations at the genetic level and are transformed, acquiring the ability to replicate limitlessly. Conventional cancer treatment involves the use of surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, which have the potential of harming normal, otherwise healthy, non-neoplastic cells. Newer forms of therapy such as immunotherapy and gene therapy have shown initial promise, but still require better ways to limit exposure to cancerous lesions in the body. As a result drug delivery systems have been developed in attempts to deliver therapeutics specifically to the target lesion site. One recent drug delivery system has revolved around the use of chitosan nanoparticle technology, where therapeutics are encapsulated into nanoparticles and targeted to tumours. Summary Though few, attempts at encapsulating therapeutics such as deoxyribozymes and small or short interfering RNA have been optimistic and encouraging. [source] Sami self-determination in the making?,NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 4 2005Anne Julie Semb The article discusses whether principles of territorial or non-territorial jurisdiction ought to guide the future distribution of decision-making power between the Norwegian Sami Parliament and the Norwegian Parliament. It argues that an acceptable distribution of powers must satisfy two normative criteria: first, decision-making power ought to be distributed on the basis of individuals' desire to be politically associated with some people rather than with others. Second, a normatively defensible distribution of decision-making power must ensure that those who are subject to the jurisdiction of a particular body have the right to vote in elections for, and thus have the possibility to affect the composition of, that particular body. The article concludes that a non-territorial principle for distribution of decision-making power provides a more fruitful point of departure for discussions of the future status of the Sami Parliament in the Norwegian political system than do notions of territorial jurisdiction. [source] The status of school psychology: Implications of a major personnel shortagePSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 4 2004Michael J. Curtis The findings of earlier studies are reviewed and results of analyses of recent data are reported in presenting an overview of the current and possible future status of school psychology in the United States. Recognizing that legislation could have major, but as yet unclear, implications for the field, projections suggest that school psychology is likely to face a severe personnel shortage over the next 10 years. Projections also indicate that serious, although less severe, shortages are likely to continue through at least 2020. Shortages are predicted to vary markedly by geographical region of the country and type of school setting. Potential implications of the shortage are examined for the public schools. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 431,442, 2004. [source] Does Advanced Community/Public Health Nursing Practice Have a Future?PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2004Ed.D., Julie Fisher Robertson R.N. Abstract Societal trends and predicted needs of the health care system indicate that there will be increasing demands for health care professionals who can effectively manage the health needs of populations and communities. Nurses who have master's degrees in community/public health nursing have the educational background to provide this expertise. Although the Association of Community Health Nursing Educators and many nursing leaders maintain that these nurses are advanced practice nurses, most leading nursing organizations and state nurse practice acts do not include population and community health management skills in their definitions of advanced practice nursing. These exclusions have produced a serious status problem for master's programs in community/public health nursing. This article examines issues affecting the current and future status of master's-level community/public health nursing. Solutions are suggested for ensuring the viability of this specialty area. [source] Jack Tizard Lecture: Cognitive Behaviour Therapies for Children: Passing Fashion or Here to Stay?CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2005Philip Graham The aim of this article is to consider the current and likely future status of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for disturbed children and adolescents. Two definitions of CBT, narrow and broad, are provided and their core components described. Subsequently the historical development of these therapies and their reception by psychotherapists with different orientations is discussed. Assessment and therapeutic CBT approaches are described and the strength of the evidence for their use is briefly reviewed. Finally the challenges these therapies are currently meeting that might enhance or diminish their value are outlined. It is concluded that CBTs offer a most promising approach in the child and adolescent field and are likely to establish and maintain an important place in the therapeutic armoury of the next generation of professionals concerned to help children and young people with psychiatric disorders. [source] | |||||||||||||