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Future Research Priorities (future + research_priority)
Selected AbstractsViolence Prevention in the Emergency Department: Future Research PrioritiesACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2009Debra Houry MD Abstract The 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference working group session participants developed recommendations and research questions for violence prevention in the emergency department (ED). A writing group devised a working draft prior to the meeting and presented this to the breakout session at the consensus conference for input and approval. The recommendations include: 1) promote and facilitate the collection of standardized information related to violence victimization and perpetration in ED settings; 2) develop and validate brief practical screening instruments that can identify those at risk for perpetration of violence toward others or toward self; 3) develop and validate brief practical screening instruments that can identify victims at risk for violent reinjury and mental health sequelae; and 4) conduct efficacy, translational, and dissemination research on interventions for violence prevention. The work group emphasized the critical need and role of ED-based research to impact surveillance and prevention of future violence-related injury. [source] Alcohol Use Disorders: Screening and DiagnosisTHE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 2003ABPP, Stephen A. Maisto Ph.D. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of empirically supported, primarily self-report methods of screening and diagnosis related to alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The discussion of screening instruments focuses on the primary care setting, and the diagnosis instruments discussion centers on the alcohol (and other drug) treatment setting. The literature shows that the AUDIT and the CA GE are the most widely validated methods of screening for AUDs in primary care and may be applied readily in that context. Similarly, a number of instruments designed to derive DSM-IV (and ICD-10) AUD diagnoses, as well as constructs related to how AUDs are defined, are available and can meet a variety of clinical needs. Future research priorities include further development of brief methods to identify hazardous drinkers or individuals who have an AUD, as well as refinement of diagnosis instruments to increase their application across treatment settings and subpopulations. [source] The Returns to Education: MacroeconomicsJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 2 2003Barbara Sianesi We offer an extensive summary and a critical discussion of the empirical literature on the impact of human capital on macro-economic performance, with a particular focus on UK policy. We also highlight methodological issues and make recommendations for future research priorities. Taking the studies as a whole, the evidence that human capital increases productivity is compelling, though still largely divided on whether the stock of education affects the long-run level or growth rate of GDP. A one-year increase in average education is found to raise the level of output per capita by between three and six percent according to augmented neo-classical specifications, while leading to an over one percentage point faster growth according to estimates from the new-growth theories. Still, over the short-run planning horizon (four years) the empirical estimates of the change in GDP are of similar orders of magnitude in the two approaches. The impact of increases at different levels of education appear to depend on the level of a country's development, with tertiary education being the most important for growth in OECD countries. Education is found to yield additional indirect benefits to growth. More preliminary evidence seems to indicate that type, quality and efficiency of education matter for growth too. [source] Mechanisms of iron loading and toxicityAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue S12 2007Gregory J. Anderson Normal iron homeostasis is a finely balanced system that reflects iron absorption, loss and utilization. The body has no mechanism for the active excretion of iron, so body iron levels are controlled at the point of absorption in the small intestine. Disturbances in this equilibrium, such as those leading to enhanced absorption, can have significant clinical consequences. Continued excessive iron uptake is followed by iron deposition in various tissues, ultimately leading to tissue damage, and possibly end-organ failure. In this review, current concepts in normal iron homeostasis, and iron loading are explained. The clinical consequences as well as the differences between primary and secondary iron loading are also reviewed, and some future research priorities are discussed. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||