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Future Options (future + option)
Selected AbstractsReview article: pain and chronic pancreatitisALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 7 2009J. G. LIEB II Summary Background, Pain in chronic pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis is a frustrating and challenging symptom for both the patient and clinician. It is the most frequent and most significant symptom. Many patients fail the currently available conservative options and require opiates or endoscopic/surgical therapy. Aim, To highlight the pathophysiology and management of chronic pancreatitis pain, with an emphasis on recent developments and future directions. Methods, Expert review, utilizing in addition a comprehensive search of PubMed utilizing the search terms chronic pancreatitis and pain, treatment or management and a manual search of recent conference abstracts for articles describing pain and chronic pancreatitis. Results, Pancreatic pain is heterogenous in its manifestations and pathophysiology. First-line medical options include abstinence from alcohol and tobacco, pancreatic enzymes, adjunctive agents, antioxidants, and non-opiate or low potency opiate analgesics. Failure of these options is not unusual. More potent opiates, neurolysis and endoscopic and surgical options can be considered in selected patients, but this requires appropriate expertise. New and better options are needed. Future options could include new types of pancreatic enzymes, novel antinociceptive agents nerve growth factors, mast cell-directed therapy, treatments to limit fibrinogenesis and therapies directed at the central component of pain. Conclusions, Chronic pancreatitis pain remains difficult to treat. An approach utilizing conservative medical therapies is appropriate, with more invasive therapies reserved for failure of this conservative approach. Treatment options will continue to improve with new and novel therapies on the horizon. [source] Model Specification and Risk Premia: Evidence from Futures OptionsTHE JOURNAL OF FINANCE, Issue 3 2007MARK BROADIE ABSTRACT This paper examines model specification issues and estimates diffusive and jump risk premia using S&P futures option prices from 1987 to 2003. We first develop a time series test to detect the presence of jumps in volatility, and find strong evidence in support of their presence. Next, using the cross section of option prices, we find strong evidence for jumps in prices and modest evidence for jumps in volatility based on model fit. The evidence points toward economically and statistically significant jump risk premia, which are important for understanding option returns. [source] Neuropeptide Y stabilizes body temperature and prevents hypotension in endotoxaemic ratsTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Melanie Felies The on-going high mortality from sepsis motivates continuous research for novel therapeutic strategies. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic neurotransmitter, has been shown to increase survival in experimental septic shock in rats. This protective effect might be due to immunological, cardiovascular or thermoregulatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo effect of peripherally administered NPY on body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate in endotoxaemic animals. In order to obtain clinically relevant data, various physiological parameters were monitored in parallel via radio-telemetry in chronically intravenously cannulated, freely behaving rats. Rats received a sublethal bolus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ,g kg,1i.v.) and the three parameters were continuously recorded for 72 h. Endotoxaemic rats showed a long-lasting hypotension, an initial hypothermia (,0.5°C), followed by a prolonged febrile phase (+1.6°C 6 h after endotoxin challenge) associated with a decrease of the circadian rhythm amplitude of temperature. Pretreatment with NPY (160 pmol kg,1i.v. over 75 min) prevented hypotension and significantly stabilized body temperature immediately following the application. The febrile phase was effectively reduced for at least 72 h. These telemetrically obtained findings clearly demonstrate that pretreatment with NPY positively influences two life-threatening symptoms in endotoxaemia and might be a future option for a successful clinical treatment regimen. [source] Vocational Education and Training and Human Capital Development: current practice and future optionsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, Issue 2 2010MANFRED WALLENBORN EU neighbouring countries (partner countries) have made considerable efforts to improve their vocational education and training (VET) systems, with different policies and strategies that take account of country-specific priorities in human capital development. This article addresses the donor community. It analyses the role of partner countries' VET in contributing to human capital development in order to benefit better from the globalised economy. The emerging debate on the role of VET in these countries and among donors is considered in terms of the functional dimensions of employability, productivity and sustainable growth, taking into account the economic, social and ecological dimension of growth and development. Not addressed is the systemic perspective on VET in terms of improving existing curricula, learning arrangements and textbooks. The article focuses, rather, on functional dimensions of VET that are relevant to achieve development goals and makes some recommendations for international cooperation. Given the complexity of multi-stakeholder-driven VET systems, cooperation needs to build on existing VET structures. Moreover, cooperation must contribute to an effective reform implementation. [source] Cost-benefit analysis of voltage sag mitigation methods in fiber extrusion plantsEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 2 2003M. Didden The fiber extrusion process is very vulnerable to voltage sags. Being the biggest exporter of carpets in the world, Belgium has many textile fiber extrusion plants. This paper describes the importance of the voltage sag problem in such plants and possible mitigation methods. It turns out that the number of process outages due to voltage sags is less than described in other papers for other geographical grid locations. Still, there are economically attractive mitigation methods. Depending on the manufacturer of the production line, these methods get economically interesting if they mitigate between one and three outages a year. Together with a cost-benefit analysis, this paper-describes the methods that have already been implemented as well as possible future options. [source] Current status of metal stents for managing malignant ureteric obstructionBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2010Petros Sountoulides Obstruction of the ureters caused by extrinsic compression from a primary tumour or retroperitoneal lymph node masses is not unusual in the course of advanced pelvic malignancies. Most of the cases are of gynaecological or gastrointestinal origin, and the situation can be aggravated by peri-ureteric fibrosis, a long-term adverse event of previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Undoubtedly upper urinary tract decompression and maintenance of ureteric patency, even as a palliative measure, is important in managing these patients. Options for upper tract decompression include percutaneous nephrostomy, retrograde stenting and open urinary diversion. Plastic stents have long been used for managing malignant ureteric obstruction, but their overall success remains limited. Plastic stents often fail to be placed correctly, require regular exchange, and are faced with a high incidence of encrustation and migration. For these reasons plastic stents have been unsuccessful for long-term maintenance of ureteric patency. To overcome these limitations metal stents were introduced and recently developed in an effort to ensure better long-term patency of the obstructed ureter, fewer hospital admissions for stent change and better overall quality of life. In the present review the clinical applications of different types of metal stents are discussed, with a specific focus on the latest advances and the future options for managing malignant ureteric obstruction. [source] Multifactor implied volatility functions for HJM modelsTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 8 2006I-Doun Kuo This study evaluates two one-factor, two two-factor, and two three-factor implied volatility functions in the HJM class, with the use of eurodollar futures options across both strike prices and maturities. The primary contributions of this article are (a) to propose and test three implied volatility multifactor functions not considered by K. I. Amin and A. J. Morton (1994), (b) to evaluate models using the AIC criteria as well as other standard criteria neglected by S. Y. M. Zeto (2002), and (c) to .nd that multifactor models incorporating the exponential decaying implied volatility functions generally outperform other models in .tting and prediction, in sharp contrast to K. I. Amin and A. J. Morton, who find the constantvolatility model superior. Correctly specified and calibrated simple constant and square-root factor models may be superior to inappropriate multifactor models in option trading and hedging strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:809,833, 2006 [source] Implied volatility forecasts in the grains complexTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 10 2002David P. Simon This article finds that the implied volatilities of corn, soybean, and wheat futures options 4 weeks before option expiration have significant predictive power for the underlying futures contract return volatilities through option expiration from January 1988 through September 1999. These implied volatilities also encompass the information in out-of-sample seasonal Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle (GJR;1993) volatility forecasts. Evidence also demonstrates that when corn-implied volatility rises relative to out-of-sample seasonal GJR volatility forecasts, implied volatility substantially overpredicts realized volatility. However, simulations of trading rules that involve selling corn option straddles when corn-implied volatility is high relative to out-of-sample GJR volatility forecasts indicate that none of the trading rules would have been significantly profitable. This finding suggests that these options are not necessarily overpriced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:959,981, 2002 [source] | |||||||||||||