Functional Space (functional + space)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


The Space of Local Control in the Devolution of us Public Housing Policy

GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2000
Janet L. Smith
Sweeping changes in national policy aim to radically transform public housing in the United States. The goal is to reduce social isolation and increase opportunities for low income tenants by demolishing ,worst case' housing, most of which is modern, high-rise buildings with high vacancy and crime rates, and replacing it with ,mixed-income' developments and tenant based assistance to disperse current public housing families. Transformation relies on the national government devolving more decision-making power to local government and public housing authorities. The assumption here is that decentralizing the responsibility for public housing will yield more effective results and be more efficient. This paper explores the problematic nature of decentralization as it has been conceptualized in policy discourse, focusing on the underlying assumptions about the benefits of increasing local control in the implementation of national policy. As this paper describes, this conceived space of local control does not take into account the spatial features that have historically shaped where and how low income families live in the US, including racism and classism and a general aversion by the market to produce affordable rental units and mixed-income developments. As a result, this conceived space of local control places the burden on low income residents to make transformation a success. To make this case, Wittgenstein's (1958) post-structural view of language is combined with Lefebvre's view of space to provide a framework in which to examine US housing policy discourse as a ,space producing' activity. The Chicago Housing Authority's Plan for Transformation is used to illustrate how local efforts to transform public housing reproduce a functional space for local control that is incapable of generating many of the proposed benefits of decentralization for public housing tenants. [source]


Limiting Amplitude principle in the scattering by wedges

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 10 2006
A. I. Komech
Abstract We consider a nonstationary scattering of plane waves by a wedge. We prove that the Sommerfeld-type integral, constructed in (Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 2005; 28:147,183; Proc. Int. Seminar ,Day on Diffraction-2003', University of St. Petersburg, 2003; 151,162), is a classical smooth solution from a functional space, and prove the Limiting Amplitude principle. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Functional Mixed Effects Models

BIOMETRICS, Issue 1 2002
Wensheng Guo
Summary. In this article, a new class of functional models in which smoothing splines are used to model fixed effects as well as random effects is introduced. The linear mixed effects models are extended to non-parametric mixed effects models by introducing functional random effects, which are modeled as realizations of zero-mean stochastic processes. The fixed functional effects and the random functional effects are modeled in the same functional space, which guarantee the population-average and subject-specific curves have the same smoothness property. These models inherit the flexibility of the linear mixed effects models in handling complex designs and correlation structures, can include continuous covariates as well as dummy factors in both the fixed or random design matrices, and include the nested curves models as special cases. Two estimation procedures are proposed. The first estimation procedure exploits the connection between linear mixed effects models and smoothing splines and can be fitted using existing software. The second procedure is a sequential estimation procedure using Kalman filtering. This algorithm avoids inversion of large dimensional matrices and therefore can be applied to large data sets. A generalized maximum likelihood (GML) ratio test is proposed for inference and model selection. An application to comparison of cortisol profiles is used as an illustration. [source]


Anisotropic a posteriori error estimate for an optimal control problem governed by the heat equation

NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Issue 6 2006
Marco Picasso
Abstract The abstract framework of Becker et al. is considered to solve an optimal control problem governed by a parabolic equation. Existence and uniqueness of a solution are proved using the inf-sup framework and space-time functional spaces. A Crank-Nicolson time discretization is proposed, together with continuous, piecewise linear finite elements in space. Existence and uniqueness of a solution to the discretized problem is also proved using the inf-sup framework. An a posteriori error estimate is proposed, the goal being to control the error between the true and computed cost functional. The error estimate remains valid on strongly anisotropic meshes and an anisotropic error indicator is proposed when the time step is small. Finally, the quality of this error indicator is studied numerically on isotropic and anisotropic meshes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006 [source]