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Functional Antibodies (functional + antibody)
Selected AbstractsA miniaturized assay for influenza neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies utilizing reverse genetics-derived antigensINFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES, Issue 5 2009Matthew R. Sandbulte Background, Antibodies to neuraminidase (NA) contribute to protection during influenza virus infection, but NA inhibition (NI) titers are not routinely analyzed in vaccine trials. One reason is the cumbersome nature of the conventional thiobarbituric acid (TBA) NI assay, which uses chemical methods to quantify free sialic acid following incubation of NA with substrate in the presence of serum. In addition, the assay is complicated by the need to use virus of a hemagglutinin (HA) subtype novel to the host to detect NA-specific antibodies only. Objectives, Our primary objectives were to miniaturize the colorimetric NI assay to a format suitable for quantitative analysis of large numbers of samples, and validate the specificity and sensitivity of the miniaturized format with ferret and human sera. An additional aim was to use reverse genetics to construct HA-mismatched viral reagents bearing NA of recent influenza A vaccine strains and H6 HA. Results, Analysis of ferret antisera by the miniaturized assay demonstrated sensitivity and specificity comparable with the conventional assay. Similar increases in the NI titers in sera from vaccinated human volunteers were measured in miniaturized and conventional assays. Inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines increased NI titers against a given subtype at approximately the same rate. Conclusions, The reagents and miniaturized format of the TBA method described here provide a platform for practical serological monitoring of functional antibodies against NA. [source] Changes in subgingival microflora and humoral immune response following periodontal therapyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2001I. B. Darby Abstract Objectives: To investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the microflora and humoral immune response in adult periodontitis. Materials & Methods: Clinical measurements, subgingival plaque samples, gingival crevicular fluid and sera were taken from 4 sites in 28 adult periodontitis patients before and after SRP. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis,B. forsythus, P. intermedia, and T. denticola. ELISA was used to investigate the systemic and local antibody titres to these organisms, and thiocyanate dissociation for the determination of serum antibody avidity. Results: SRP produced a good clinical improvement. On a subject basis there was little significant change in the microflora. However, on a site basis, there were significant reductions in P. intermedia, B. forsythus and T. denticola. There was little change in systemic and local antibody titres following SRP, although there was a significant reduction in antibody avidity to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia Conclusion: Post-therapy clinical improvement was associated with a reduction in bacterial prevalence, but statistical significance was only reached at a site level and this microbial reduction was not significant for all organisms. No significant post-therapy effects on the humoral immune response were noted other than a reduced antibody avidity to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. The lack of a clear pattern in the humoral immune response may reflect a failure of the host response to produce adequate levels of biologically functional antibodies, and complex interactions between the subgingival flora and the host response. Zusammenfassung Ziele: Untersuchung des Effektes von Scaling und Wurzelglättung (SRP) auf die Mikroflora und menschliche Immunantwort bei der Erwachsenen-Parodontitis. Material und Methoden: Klinische Messungen, subgingivale Plaqueproben, gingivale Sulkusflüssigkeit und Serum wurden von 4 Flächen bei 28 Patienten mit Erwachsenen-Parodontitis vor und nach SRP aufgenommen. Die Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion wurde genutzt, um die Präsenz von A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, P. intermedia und T. denticola zu bestimmen. ELISA wurde für die Bestimmung der systemischen und lokalen Antikörpertiter gegen diese Organismen genutzt. Die Thiocyanat-Dissoziation wurde für die Bestimmung der Serumantikörperaktivitart genutzt. Ergebnisse: SRP erbrachte eine gute klinische Verbesserung. Auf der Basis der Person gab es eine geringe signifikante Veränderung der Mikroflora. Jedoch gab es auf der Basis der Fläche eine signifikante Reduktion von P. intermedia, B. forsythus und T. denticola. Geringe Veränderungen in den systemischen und lokalen Antikörpertitern in der Folge von SRP waren zu beobachten, obwohl eine signifkante Reduktion der Antikörperaktivität zu P. gingivalis und P. intermedia vorhanden war. Schlußfolgerung: Die posttherapeutischen klinischen Verbesserungen waren mit einer Reduktion der bakteriellen Prävalenz verbunden, die statistische Signifikanz wurde aber nur auf der Basis der Fläche erreicht, und diese mikrobielle Reduktion war nicht signifikant für alle Organismen. Keine signifikanten posttherapeutischen Effekte auf die menschliche Immunantwort wurden außer einer reduzierten Antikörperaktivität zu P. gingivalis und P. intermedia beobachtet. Der Mangel in einem klaren Muster in der menschlichen Immunantwort könnte einen Fehler in der Wirtsantwort zur Produktion adäquater Level von biologisch funktionellen Antikörpern und komplexen Interaktionen zwischen der subgingivalen Flora und der Wirtsantwort reflektieren. Résumé But: L'objectif de cette étude est de rechercher les effets du détartrage et du surfaçage radiculaire (SRP) sur la microflore et la réponse immunitaire humorale chez des patients atteints de parodontite de l'adulte. Méthodes: Les mesures cliniques, les échantillons de plaque sous-gingivale, le fluide gingivale et le serum ont été prélevés sur 4 sites chez 28 patients atteints de parodontite de l'adulte avant et après SRP. La réaction de polymérase en chaine a été utilisé pour déterminer la présence de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia et Treponema denticola. Le test ELISA a été utilisé pour rechercher les titres d'anticorps locaux et systèmiques vis à vis de ces organismes, et la dissociation au thiocyanate a été utilisée pour la détermination de l'avidité des anticorps sériques. Résultats: SRP entrainait une bonne amélioration clinique. Individuellement par patient, il y avait peu de modifications de la microflore. Cependant, en ce qui concerne les sites, il y avait des réductions significatives de Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus et Treponema denticola. Il y avait peu de changements pour les titres d'anticorps systèmiques et locaux suite au SRP, bien que l'on observait une réduction significative de l'avidité des anticorps envers Porphyromonas gingivalis et Prevotella intermedia. Conclusions: L'amélioration clinique consécutive au traitement était associée avec une réduction de la prévalence bactérienne, mais une signification statistique n'était obtenue que pour les sites, et cette réduction microbienne n'était pas significative pour tous les organismes. Suite au traitement, aucun effet significatif sur la réponse immunitaire humorale n'était mis en évidence, en dehors de la diminution de l'avidité des anticorps vis à vis de Porphyromonas gingivalis et Prevotella intermedia. L'absence de caractéristiques nettes de la réponse immunitaire humorale pourrait reflèter l'échec de la réponse de l'hôte à produire des niveaux suffisants d'anticorps biologiquement fonctionnels, et également les interactions complexes entre la flore sous-gingivale et cette réponse de l'hôte. [source] Effects of Oral Administration of Specific Antibodies to Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykissJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 1 2003Michael Engelbrecht Nielsen A new product called oralized fish serum concentrate (OFSC) was evaluated for a possible effect against various bacterial pathogens in rainbow trout. The OFSC produced from immune trout sera was found to contain fully functional antibodies and complement component C3. The antibodies detected in the serum concentrate were specific to Vibrio anguillarum (O1 and O2) and Aeromonas salmonicida, which had been used for vaccination of the fish prior to serum collection. The functionality of the specific antibodies in OFSC was not reduced after 6 wk storage at -20 C, 5 C, and 20 C. The serum was mixed with commercial trout feed and used for feeding rainbow trout fry (first feed period). After oral delivery of OFSC to rainbow trout for 1 mo, samples of gut content and gut tissue contained functional antibodies. In gutted fish no functional antibodies were found. This suggests that antibodies from OFSC are unable to be transferred across the gut wall in a functional state. Oral administration of OFSC did not increase survival of rainbow trout in an immersion challenge with Vibrio anguillarum. [source] Piezoelectric inkjet printing of a cross-hatch immunoassay on a disposable nylon membraneBIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009Thomas N. Stewart Abstract The development of a cost-effective method for manufacturing immunoassays is a key step towards their commercial use. In this study, a piezoelectric inkjet printer and a nylon membrane were used to fabricate a disposable immunoassay. Using a piezoelectric inkjet printer, a cross-hatch pattern of goat anti-mouse antibody (G,M) and rabbit anti-horseradish peroxidase (R,HRP) antibody were deposited on the nylon membrane. These patterns were subsequently treated with a solution containing rabbit anti-goat antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase (R,G-HRP). The effectiveness of the immobilization process was examined using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which oxidizes in the presence of HRP to form a visible precipitate. Optical evaluation of the TMB precipitate was used to assess the precision of the features in the inkjet-printed pattern as well as antibody functionality following inkjet printing. Uniform patterns that contained functional antibodies were fabricated using the piezoelectric inkjet printer. These results suggest that piezoelectric inkjet printing may be used to fabricate low-cost disposable immunoassays for biotechnology and healthcare applications. [source] | ||||||||||