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Function Response (function + response)
Selected AbstractsEffect of exercise, aging and functional capacity on acute secretory immunoglobulin A response in elderly people over 75 years of ageGERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2009Yuzuru Sakamoto Background: Age-associated decline in immune function and regulation, referred to as immunosenescence, brings about an increased incidence of infectious diseases in the aged; however, there are few data on the effect of aging and exercise on mucosal immune function in elderly people. Moreover, there is no evidence on whether the change in functional capacity affects mucosal immunity in elderly people. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of exercise, aging and functional capacity on mucosal immune function in elderly people over 75 years of age. Methods: The subjects were 92 community-dwelling elderly women aged over 75 years who lived in a rural community in Miyagi Prefecture. The subjects periodically performed approximately 20 min of low intensity exercise. Saliva samples were collected before and after exercise, and saliva flow (SF), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration (SIgA-C) and SIgA secretion rate (SIgA-SR) were determined. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) was used to measure functional capacity. Results: In comparison with before exercise, SF, SIgA-C and SIgA-SR were significantly increased after exercise in elderly subjects. In addition, when low and high value groups of resting SIgA levels were compared, acute SIgA responses were observed only in the low value group; however, there was no significant effect of aging and decline in functional capacity on exercise-induced SIgA response. Conclusion: These results suggest that resting SIgA levels influence the mucosal immune function response to exercise in elderly people over 75 years of age. [source] A competitive marathon race decreases neutrophil functions in athletesLUMINESCENCE: THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE, Issue 6 2003Daisuke Chinda Abstract A full marathon is the longest running race in official track events and is a form of acute exercise. However, no studies have examined the acute neutrophil function response to a competitive marathon race. Thirty-six male athletes who had just completed the 42.195 km course of the 50th Beppu-Oita Mainichi Marathon were enrolled in this study. Neutrophil oxidative burst activity, phagocytic activity and expression of CD11b and CD16 per cell were measured by flow cytometry immediately before and after the marathon. Total leukocyte/neutrophil counts increased significantly (p < 0.001), whereas total oxidative burst activity per neutrophil cell decreased significantly after the race (p < 0.001). Furthermore, total phagocytic activity per neutrophil cell also decreased after the race, although it was not significant (p = 0.08). Although CD11b expression per cell did not change, the expression of CD16 per cell significantly decreased (p < 0.001) after the race. In conclusion, a competitive marathon race decreased neutrophil functions (oxidative burst activity and phagocytic activity), which may be partly due to a decrease in CD16 expression. The increase in total neutrophil counts might reflect a compensatory response to counteract the decrease in neutrophil functions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An ultra-wideband bandpass filter using hybrid structure of microstrip and CPWMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 10 2009Xun Luo Abstract An ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is proposed based on the hybrid structure of microstrip and coplanar waveguide (CPW). First, the detached-mode resonator is formed on the CPW layer, which composes a quarter-wavelength (,/4) multiple-mode resonator (MMR) with a short-stub and a ,/4 single-mode resonator. Then, two ,/4 microstrip open-stubs on the top side of the common substrate are introduced for bandwidth enhancement to meet the UWB passband limit. Quasi-elliptic function response and UWB operation are achieved. The simulated and measured results show an excellent agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2470,2473, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24658 [source] Planar realization of a Q -band triple-mode filter using high-order resonancesMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 3 2009Yuandan Dong Abstract A simple method for a Q -band planar triple-mode filter with quasi-elliptic function response is proposed in this letter. This filter is implemented using a high-order mode cavity with substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology and standard printed circuit board (PCB) process. By adopting an orthogonal input and output feed-line and introducing some perturbation, transmission zeros are generated on both sides, which have significantly improved filter selectivity and out-of-band rejection. This triple-mode resonator is then combined with a circular dual-mode cavity to obtain a highly selective filter in Q -band with better stopband rejection. Both of the two filters are fabricated and measured. Low insertion loss and sharp sideband characteristic are observed, which is in good agreement with simulation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 600,603, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24114 [source] Sex influence on myocardial function with exercise in adolescentsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Thomas Rowland Objectives: Ventricular systolic functional response to exercise has been reported to be superior in adult men compared to women. This study explored myocardial responses to maximal upright progressive exercise in late pubertal males and females. Methods: Doppler echocardiographic techniques were utilized to estimate myocardial function response to a bout of progressive cycle exercise. Results: Systolic functional capacity, as indicated by ejection rate (12.5 ± 2.8 and 13.1 ± 1.0 [×10,2] ml s,1 cm,2 for boys and girls, respectively) and peak aortic velocity (208 ± 45 and 196 ± 12 cm s,1, respectively) at maximal exercise, did not differ between the two groups. Similarly, peak values as well as increases in transmitral pressure gradient (mitral E flow velocity), ventricular relaxation (tissue Doppler imaging E,), and left ventricular filling pressure (E/E, ratio) as estimates of diastolic function were similar in males and females. Conclusions: This study failed to reveal qualitative or quantitative differences between adolescent boys and girls in ventricular systolic or diastolic functional responses to maximal cycle exercise. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:680,682, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A preliminary study of crustal structure in Taiwan region using receiver function analysisGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2004Kwang-Hee Kim SUMMARY Selected teleseismic data observed at temporary and permanent broad-band stations have been analysed using the receiver function method in order to investigate the very complex crustal structure in Taiwan region. Very significant azimuthal variations of radial and transverse receiver function responses from broad-band stations could be attributed to, among other things, the sampling of incoming seismic waves across the nearby subduction zone, a subsurface dipping interface, or a localized anisotropic region. A mid-crust discontinuity, interpreted as the Conrad discontinuity, can be identified at 18,20 km depth beneath TATO and TPUB stations in the Western Foothills, but is absent beneath the two nearby stations SSLB and TDCB in the Central Mountain Range. The separation of upper and lower crust beneath the Western Foothills and the steady increase in crustal velocity as a function of depth across the entire thicker crust beneath the Central Mountain Range suggest that the tectonic evolution of the crust may be significantly different for these two adjacent regions. Although a ,thin-skinned' model may be associated with the tectonic evolution of the upper crust of the Western Foothills and Western Coastal Plain, a ,thick-skinned' or ,lithospheric deformation' model can probably be applied to explain the crustal evolution of the Central Mountain Range. A trend of crustal thinning from east (50,52 km) to west (28,32 km) is in very good agreement with the results from two east,west-trending deep seismic profiles obtained using airgun sources. The thinner crust (20,30 km) beneath TWB1 station in northeastern Taiwan can be associated with the high-heat-flow backarc opening at the western terminus of the Okinawa trough behind the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate. The relatively simple crustal structure beneath KMNB station, offshore southeastern China, depicts typical continental crust, with the Moho depth at 28,32 km. An apparent offset of the thickest Moho beneath NACB station from the topographic high in the central Central Mountain Range suggests that the Taiwan orogeny has probably not reached its isostatic status. [source] Effect kinetics of desmopressin-induced platelet retention in healthy volunteers treated with aspirin or placeboHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 1 2000Lethagen Desmopressin is often used for haemostatic treatment in platelet dysfunction, but the effect kinetics of platelet responses and the mechanism of action are poorly known. This study aimed to determine the kinetics of platelet function responses induced by desmopressin in healthy volunteers treated with aspirin or placebo. Another aim was to correlate platelet responses to changes of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in plasma. We measured platelet function with a glass bead retention test, Ivy bleeding time, vWF:Ag and multimeric structure in plasma. Median baseline platelet retention was 12% (normal reference range 16,27%) during aspirin treatment and 18% during placebo. Median peak platelet retention after desmopressin was 33% during aspirin treatment and 34% during placebo. After about 3 h platelet function had returned to baseline. A second desmopressin dose after 3 h stimulated platelet retention to a similar extent as the first dose. There was no correlation between platelet responses and quantitative or qualitative changes of vWF in plasma. Platelet count did not change significantly. Thus, desmopressin's effect on platelet function lasts for about 3 h, but may be prolonged by a second dose immediately thereafter. These findings may have important clinical implications for patients with aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction undergoing surgery. [source] | ||||||||||