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Fungal Biodiversity (fungal + biodiversity)

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Life Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Fungal biodiversity, pollen morphology and leaf surface of some native species in Egypt

FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 1 2001
S. I. I. Abdel-Hafez
Five native species of the flora of Egypt: Adonis dentata Delile, Ranunculaceae; Papaver dubium L., Papaveraceae; Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC., Brassicaceae; Malva parviflora L., Malvaceae; and Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd., Geraniaceae have been investigated morphologically, palynologically and mycologically. The total counts of phyllosphere fungi fluctuated between 223 and 388 colonies/100 leaf segments giving maximum on Malva parviflora followed by Matthiola longipetala, Erodium laciniatum, Papaver dubium and Adonis dentata. The widest spectrum of genera (20) and species (39 and l variety) was recorded on Malva parviflora and the narrowest on Adonis dentata (9, 14). Sixty species and one variety belonging to 27 genera were collected from leaves (24 genera and 56 species and 1 variety) and anthers/pollen (16 genera and 27 species) of the five studied plants with the most frequently species were some members of Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Mucor. Members of Aspergillus and Penicillium were prevalent only on leaves of Matthiola longipetala and Malva parviflora, while these members were infrequently recorded on leaf surfaces of Adonis dentata and Papaver dubium. Results revealed that density of hairs on the leaf surface and size of leaf blade, almost seem to be the most reliable factors of the biodiversity of the fungal spores on the studied taxa. On the other hand, reticulate or striate pollen surface had a wider spectrum of fungal biodiversity and higher densities of spores compared with echinate and scabrate surface. Pilz-Biodiversität, Pollen-Morphologie und die Blattoberfläche einiger einheimischer Arten in Ágypten Aus der Flora Ágyptens wurden die fünf einheimischen Arten Adonis dentata Delile, Ranunculaceae; Papaver dubium L., Papaveraceae; Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC., Brassicaceae; Malva parviflora L., Malvaceae; und Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd., Geraniaceae morphologisch, palynologisch und mykologisch untersucht. Die Gesamtzahl an phyllosphären Pilzen schwankte zwischen 223 und 388 Kolonien/100 Blattsegementen. Das Maximum lag bei Malva parviflora, gefolgt von Matthiola longipetala, Erodium laciniatum, Papaver dubium und Adonis dentata. Das größte Spektrum an Gattungen (20) und Arten (39 und 1 Varietät) wurde bei Malva parviflora verzeichnet, das Minimum hingegen bei Adonis dentata (9, 14). An den fünf Arten wurden insgesamt 60 Arten und eine Varietät aus 27 Gattungen an Blättern (24 Gattungen, 56 Arten und eine Varietät) und Antheren/Pollen (16 Gattungen, 27 Arten) verzeichnet. Die häufigsten Arten gehörten zu den Gattungen Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium und Mucor. Arten von Aspergillus und Penicillium wurden nur an Blättern von Matthiola longipetala und Malva parviflora nachgewiesen, während sie an den Blattoberflächen von Adonis dentata und Papaver dubium seltener waren. Aus den erzielten Resultaten ergibt sich, dass die Dichte des Haarbesatzes an der Blattoberfläche und die Größe der Blattspreite die entscheidenden Faktoren zur Biodiversität der Pilzsporen an den untersuchten Taxa sind. Anderseits kann man sagen, dass reticulate und striate Pollen im Vergleich zu einer echinaten und skabraten Oberfläche ein größeres Spektrum der Pilz-Biodiversität und eine höhere Sporendichte aufwiesen. [source]

Disclosing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biodiversity in soil through a land-use gradient using a pyrosequencing approach

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 8 2010
Erica Lumini
Summary The biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities present in five Sardinian soils (Italy) subjected to different land-use (tilled vineyard, covered vineyard, pasture, managed meadow and cork-oak formation) was analysed using a pyrosequencing-based approach for the first time. Two regions of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene were considered as molecular target. The pyrosequencing produced a total of 10924 sequences: 6799 from the first and 4125 from the second target region. Among these sequences, 3189 and 1003 were selected to generate operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and to evaluate the AMF community richness and similarity: 117 (37 of which were singletons) and 28 (nine of which were singletons) unique AMF OTUs were detected respectively. Within the Glomeromycota OTUs, those belonging to the Glomerales order were dominant in all the soils. Diversisporales OTUs were always detected, even though less frequently, while Archaeosporales and Paraglomerales OTUs were exclusive of the pasture soil. Eleven OTUs were shared by all the soils, but each of the five AMF communities showed particular features, suggesting a meaningful dissimilarity among the Glomeromycota populations. The environments with low inputs (pasture and covered vineyard) showed a higher AMF biodiversity than those subjected to human input (managed meadow and tilled vineyard). A reduction in AMF was found in the cork-oak formation because other mycorrhizal fungal species, more likely associated to trees and shrubs, were detected. These findings reinforce the view that AMF biodiversity is influenced by both human input and ecological traits, illustrating a gradient of AMF communities which mirror the land-use gradient. The high number of sequences obtained by the pyrosequencing strategy has provided detailed information on the soil AMF assemblages, thus offering a source of light to shine on this crucial soil microbial group. [source]

Pollen morphology, leaf surfaces, mycobiota diversity and leaf spots of three species of Zygophyllum growing along Cairo-Suez desert road, Eastern (Arabian) desert in Egypt

FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 1-2 2007
S. M. El Naggar
Three native species of Zygophyllum: Z. coccinum L., Z. decumbens L. and Z. simplex L. (Zygophyllaceae) have been investigated morphologically, palynologically and mycologically. Twenty-two fungal species belonging to 11 genera were collected from leaf surfaces (11 genera and 22 species) and anthers/ pollen grains (7, 13) of Zygophyllum coccinum, Z. decumbens and Z. simplex on Czapek-Dox agar at 25 °C. Fungal diversity of the two microhabitats is basically similar and the most prevalent fungi were Alternaria alternata /A. phragmospora, Cladosporium cladosporioides /C. herbarum and Ulocladium botrytis /U. consortiale. Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. herbarum -leaf spots were rarely recorded in the three studied plant species. Leaf lamina size and sculpture of the studied taxa almost seem to be the most reliable factors of the fungal biodiversity on the studied plant species. On the other hand, reticulate-micro reticulate pollen type is the only pollen type recorded in the present study which reflects that the very narrow range of spectrum of fungal biodiversity between the studied plant species. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) Pollenmorphologie, Blattoberfläche, mykobiotische Diversität und Blattflecken von drei Zygophyllum -Arten entlang der Wüstenstraße Kairo,Suez, Östliche (Arabische) Wüste Ägyptens Drei einheimische Zygophyllum -Arten (Z. coccinum, Z. decumbens und Z. simplex (Zygophyllaceae) wurden morphologisch, palynologisch und mykologisch untersucht. 22 Pilzarten aus elf Gattungen wurden von Blattoberflächen gesammelt (11 Gattungen, 22 Arten) und Antheren/Pollenkörner (7, 13) von Zygophyllum coccinum, Z. decumbens und Z. simplex mittels Czapek-Dox agar bei 25 °C untersucht. Die Pilzdiversität beider Mikrohabitate ist basisähnlich und die häufigsten Taxa sind: Alternaria alternata /A. phragmospora, Cladosporium cladosporioides /C. herbarum und Ulocladium botrytis /U. consor- tiale. Blattflecken von Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides und C. herbarum wurden auf den untersuchten Pflanzen selten verzeichnet. Die Größe der Blattlamina und die Skulptur der untersuchten Taxa scheinen die zuverlässigsten (häufigsten) Faktoren für die Pilz-Biodiversität auf den untersuchten Pflanzen zu sein. Andererseits ist der retikulate-microretikulate Pollentyp in vorliegender Studie der einzige Pollentyp, der dieses enge Spektrum der Pilz-Biodiversität zwischen den untersuchten Pflanzen aufzeigt (widerspiegelt). [source]

Fungal biodiversity, pollen morphology and leaf surface of some native species in Egypt

Potentiality of the cox1 gene in the taxonomic resolution of soil fungi

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 1 2010
Claire Molitor
Abstract We explored the potential of the cox1 gene in the species resolution of soil fungi and compared it with the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and small subunit (SSU)-rDNA. Conserved primers allowing the amplification of the fungal cox1 gene were designed, and a total of 47 isolates of Zygomycota and Ascomycota were investigated. The analysis revealed a lack of introns in >90% of the isolates. Comparison of the species of each of the six studied genera showed high interspecific sequence polymorphisms. Indeed, the average of nucleotide variations (4.2,11%) according to the genus, due mainly to the nucleotide substitutions, led to the taxonomic resolution of all the species studied regarding both ITS and SSU-rDNA, in which <88% were discriminated. The phylogenetic analysis performed after alignment of the cox1 gene across distant fungal species was in accordance with the well-known taxonomic position of the species studied and no overlap was observed between intra- and interspecific variations. These results clearly demonstrated that the cox1 sequences could provide good molecular markers for the determination of the species composition of environmental samples and constitute an important advance to study soil fungal biodiversity. [source]