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Fundamental Considerations (fundamental + consideration)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Instructional Pragmatics: Bridging Teaching, Research, and Teacher Education

LINGUISTICS & LANGUAGE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 10 2010
Noriko Ishihara
Pragmatics deals with meaning in context that is the meaning conveyed often indirectly beyond what is literally communicated. Ever since Hymes (1972, Sociolinguistics: Selected readings, Penguin, Harmondsworth, England, 269,93) highlighted the importance of socially appropriate language use, ability to use language in context has been identified as an essential component of communicative competence (e.g., Canale and Swain, 1980, Applied Linguistics, 1: 1,47; Canale, 1983, Language and communication, Longman, Harlow; Bachman, 1990, Fundamental considerations in language testing, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Bachman & Palmer, 1996, Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Celce-Murcia, 2008, Intercultural language use and language learning, Springer, The Netherlands, 41,58; Celce-Murcia et al. 1995, Issues in Applied Linguistics, 6: 5,35), and there has been rigorous research investigating the pragmatic competence of second/foreign language (L2) learners. This paper aims to provide an overview of research conducted in the area of interlanguage pragmatics with a focus on its pedagogical component, instructional pragmatics. The primary emphasis of this paper will be placed on the introduction of current resources in instructional pragmatics and recent efforts that empirically inform pragmatic-focused instruction and classroom-based assessment. The paper concludes with the discussion of the issues associated with future pragmatics-focused instruction and curriculum development, along with a suggested direction for future research and teacher education in support of instructional pragmatics. [source]

Elbphilharmonie Hamburg , Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zur Zusammenarbeit Ingenieur , Architekt

BAUTECHNIK, Issue 3 2006
Dipl.-Ing., Heinrich Schnetzer Dr. sc. techn.
Zur Zeit läuft die Genehmigungsplanung für die Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg. Das Projekt wird bis zum Baubeginn, der bereits für Anfang 2007 geplant ist, weiter konkretisiert und planerisch verfeinert. Die architektonische Idee, auf dem alten, 1964 gebauten Kaispeicher eine Philharmonie mit Luxuswohnungen und einem Hotel aufzusetzen, wurde im Rahmen eines Investorenprojektes entwickelt. Diese Idee war so überzeugend, daß sie in der Bevölkerung eine sehr breite Basis fand und nun planerisch umgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, dieses einmalige und für Hamburg wichtige Projekt nicht nur zu planen, sondern auch zu bauen. Elbphilharmonie Hamburg , Fundamental considerations to co-operation between engineer and architect At present the authorization (?) planning for the Elbphilharmonie runs in Hamburg. The project becomes up to the commencement of construction, which is planned already for at the beginning of 2007, further concretized and refined. The architectural idea to touch down on old, 1964 built dock silo a Philharmonic Concert Hall with luxury dwellings and a hotel was developed in the context of an investor project. This idea was so convincingly that it found now a very broad basis in the population and is now in the planning process, with the goal, this unique and for Hamburg important project not only to plan but also to build. [source]

Science, Ethics, and the "Problems" of Governing Nanotechnologies

THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 4 2009
Linda F. Hogle
Commentators continue to weigh in on whether there are ethical, social, and policy issues unique to nanotechnology, whether new regulatory schemes should be devised, and if so, how. Many of these commentaries fail to take into account the historical and political environment for nanotechnologies. That context affects regulatory and oversight systems as much as any new metrics to measure the effects of nanoscale materials, or organizational changes put in place to facilitate data analysis. What comes to count as a technical or social "problem" says much about the sociotechnical and political-historical networks in which technologies exist. This symposium's case studies provide insight into procedural successes and failures in the regulation of novel products, and ethical or social analyses that have attended to implications of novel, disruptive technologies. Yet what may be needed is a more fundamental consideration of forms of governance that may not just handle individual products or product types more effectively, but may also be flexible enough to respond to radically new technological systems. Nanotechnology presents an opportunity to think in transdisciplinary terms about both scientific and social concerns, rethink "knowns" about risk and how best to ameliorate or manage it, and consider how to incorporate ethical, social, and legal analyses in the conceptualization, planning, and execution of innovations. [source]

The sedimentary records in Mediterranean rockshelters and caves: Archives of environmental change

GEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001
Jamie C. Woodward
It is important to develop rigorous methods and robust conceptual models for the interpretation of rockshelter and cave sediment records so that the cultural sequences they contain can be considered in their proper environmental context. Much of what we know about the prehistory of the Mediterranean region and adjacent areas has largely been pieced together from materials excavated from sedimentary sequences in these environments. The rockshelters and caves of the region form important environmental and sedimentary archives. Recent work has begun to consider if the remarkable climatic variability evident in the high resolution lacustrine and ice core records is manifest in the rockshelter and cave sediment records of the area. In this context, the two main characteristics of a rockshelter or cave site which control its usefulness as an archive of environmental change are the temporal resolution of the sedimentary record and the environmental sensitivity of the site. Many rockshelters and caves can be described as either Active Karst Settings (AKS) or Passive Karst Settings (PKS) and site type is an important influence on climatic sensitivity with a direct influence upon the usefulness of the sedimentary sequence as a proxy record of climate change. It is now clear that some sites may preserve detailed paleoclimatic records and the climatic signal may be represented by distinctive suites of micromorphological features, by variations in the input of allogenic sediment, or by fluctuations in the mineral magnetic properties of the fine sediment fraction. It can be argued that data derived from the analysis of bulk coarse-grained samples often lacks the stratigraphic resolution and environmental sensitivity that can be obtained from other approaches. The most favorable sites for detailed paleoclimatic reconstruction appear to be in active karst settings such as Theopetra Cave (Greece) and Pigeon Cave (Morocco) where micromorphological analyses offer insights into the stratigraphic record that are not otherwise obtainable. The temporal resolution of a site can only be established through a rigorous stratigraphic analysis and a comprehensive dating program. These are fundamental considerations in the study of rockshelter sediment records, especially when attempting to correlate between sites and draw comparisons with other proxy records of environmental change derived from sedimentary environments with rather different characteristics. Rockshelters and caves are part of a wider sediment system, and their investigation must be accompanied by detailed geomorphological, sedimentological, paleoecological, and geochronological studies of the off-site Quaternary record. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source]

Issues in monitoring medication effects in the classroom

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 9 2009
Laura Anderson
The task of medication monitoring in the schools has increased for school psychologists, yet there is little research specific to pediatric psychoactive medication. The current article reviews issues pertinent to school-based medication monitoring. Feasibility, acceptability, and perception of effectiveness are reviewed as fundamental considerations before implementing a medication-monitoring plan in the schools. The importance of individualization, ecological implementation, and development of socially valid objectives is stressed along with the need for additional research, tools, and measures in this area. Practical considerations for school psychologists include discussion of parental consent and confidentiality, multilevel assessment and monitoring, data recording, and determining clinical significance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]