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Full-time Work (full-time + work)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	62%

Selected Abstracts

WAGE PENALTIES AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION: AN UPDATE USING THE GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY

CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 2 2009
BRENDAN CUSHING-DANIELS
This study uses data from the 1988 to 2006 General Social Survey (GSS) to examine the effects of sexual orientation on earnings. Previous research using the GSS has found that lesbians earn 18%,23% more than similarly qualified heterosexual women and that wage penalties for gay men are slightly larger than the premia for lesbians. Using behavioral definitions of sexual orientation based on the previous year and the previous 5 yr of sexual activity, we find the familiar wage premia/penalties for lesbian/gay workers in our ordinary least squares estimations, but we find that these wage differences are falling over time. Furthermore, in contrast to the earlier results, for our regressions over the entire sample period, correcting for differential selection into full-time work reduces the estimated penalties for unmarried gay men and eliminates the entire wage premium for all lesbians. There is now a sizeable, though imprecisely measured, penalty for some lesbians. (JEL J1, J3, J7) [source]

Estimating the Effects of a Time-Limited Earnings Subsidy for Welfare-Leavers

ECONOMETRICA, Issue 6 2005
David Card
In the Self Sufficiency Project (SSP) welfare demonstration, members of a randomly assigned treatment group could receive a subsidy for full-time work. The subsidy was available for 3 years, but only to people who began working full time within 12 months of random assignment. A simple optimizing model suggests that the eligibility rules created an "establishment" incentive to find a job and leave welfare within a year of random assignment, and an "entitlement" incentive to choose work over welfare once eligibility was established. Building on this insight, we develop an econometric model of welfare participation that allows us to separate the two effects and estimate the impact of the earnings subsidy on welfare entry and exit rates among those who achieved eligibility. The combination of the two incentives explains the time profile of the experimental impacts, which peaked 15 months after random assignment and faded relatively quickly. Our findings suggest that about half of the peak impact of SSP was attributable to the establishment incentive. Despite the extra work effort generated by SSP, the program had no lasting impact on wages and little or no long-run effect on welfare participation. [source]

Occupational Sex Segregation and Part-time Work in Modern Britain

GENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 2 2001
Louisa Blackwell
It is often argued that women's full-time work is becoming less gender segregated, while their part-time work becomes more so. This article looks cross-sectionally and longitudinally at the relationship between occupational sex segregation and part-time work. An innovative application of segregation curves and the Gini index measures segregation between women full-timers and men and between women part-timers and men. Both fell between 1971 and 1991, as did overall occupational sex segregation. These results were used to contextualize a longitudinal analysis showing how shifts between full-time and part-time hours affected women's experiences of occupational sex segregation and vertical mobility. Human capital explanations see full-time and part-time workers as distinct groups whose occupational choices reflect anticipated family roles. The plausibility of this emphasis on long-term strategic planning is challenged by substantial and characteristic patterns of occupational mobility when women switch between full-time and part-time hours. The segmented nature of part-time work meant that women who switched to part-time hours, usually over child rearing, were often thrown off their occupational path into low-skilled, feminized work. There was some ,occupational recovery' when they resumed full-time work. [source]

A Cross-country Comparison of Attitudes Towards Mothers Working and their Actual Labor Market Experience

LABOUR, Issue 4 2000
James W. Albrecht
In this paper, we use data from the International Social Survey Project to present a cross-country comparison of attitudes about the labor force participation of mothers. We also estimate earnings functions and probits for full-time work and examine whether there is a link between attitudes and women's actual labor market experience across countries. We find that while a woman's own attitude about work does not directly influence her wage, it does influence the probability that she works full time. [source]

Chronic pain in South Australia , population levels that interfere extremely with activities of daily living

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2010
David C. Currow
Abstract Objective: The prevalence of chronic pain in Australia has only been previously estimated for the state of New South Wales. The aim of this study was to focus estimates on pain severe enough to interfere markedly with daily function irrespective of contact with health services in another region, South Australia. Methods: A whole of population random face-to-face survey method (n=2,973) was used, directly standardised against the whole population for age, gender, country of birth and rurality. Respondents were asked about chronic pain and the degree to which it interfered with daily activities. Results: The prevalence of chronic pain was 17.9%, and pain that interfered extremely with activity 5.0%. Chronic pain was associated with older age, living alone, lower income, not being in full-time work and lower educational levels in bivariate analyses, however in multifactor analyses the only significant associations were not currently working (p<0.001) and lower levels of educational achievement (p=0.042). Pain that interfered extremely with activity in multifactor analysis was associated with work status where the odds ratio for work-related injury compared to those in full time work was 19.3 (95% CI 7.30-51.3; p<0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the high levels of pain with extreme effects on day-to-day life (one in 20 people), the complex inter-relationships of the factors (educational achievement, work status) associated with chronic pain and the impacts that these factors have on the people experiencing such disabling pain in the long-term. [source]

THE IMPACT OF CHILDCARE COSTS ON THE FULL-TIME/PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MOTHERS

AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 2 2007
ANU RAMMOHAN
Using data from the HILDA (Household Income and Labour Dynamics), this paper examines the implications of childcare costs on maternal employment status by distinguishing between full-time and part-time work. Our empirical approach uses an ordered probit model taking into account the endogeneity associated with both wages and childcare costs. Results indicate that childcare costs have a statistically insignificant effect on the decision to work either full time or part time. Moreover, the reported elasticities of part-time and full-time work with respect to childcare costs are relatively low. Finally, our results indicate that Australian mothers respond to an increase in wages by increasing both their full-time and part-time employment. Conversely, an increase in the number of young children (particularly under four years of age) and an increase in non-labour income reduce the likelihood of the mother is observed to be working. [source]

Modalités de travail à temps plein ou partiel et son influence sur les attitudes et comportements au travail: L'effet médiateur de la violation du contrat psychologique

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, Issue 4 2006
Tania Saba
Résumé Pour répondre à leurs besoins de flexibilité, employeurs et employés sont plus ouverts au travail à temps partiel. Or, les études rapportent des résultats mitigés quant à son incidence sur les comportements au travail. Le concept du contrat psychologique permet d'identifier la nature de la relation d'emploi et constitue un cadre explicatif intéressant des différences de comportements entre des employés détenant divers statuts d'emploi. Notre étude, basée sur 275 employés, examine les différences d'influence du travail à temps partiel et à temps plein sur l'intention de quitter, l'engagement organisationnel, la satisfaction et la négligence au travail en notant l'effet médiateur de la perception de violation du contrat psychologique. Abstract Employers and employees are open to part-time work as a way to better respond to the need for flexibility. However, research findings comparing the work attitudes of part-time and full-time workers are inconclusive. The concept of the psychological contract makes it possible to identify the nature of the working relationship and constitutes an interesting explanatory framework for the differences in attitudes and behaviors between these two employment statuses. Our study, based on 275 employees, examines differences in influence of part-time and full-time work on the intention to leave, work satisfaction, organizational commitment, and work negligence by noting the mediator effect of the perception of violation of the psychological contract. [source]