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Full Participation (full + participation)
Selected AbstractsEffects of intensive harvesting on moose reproductionJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Catherine Laurian Summary 1.,It has been hypothesized that a balanced adult sex ratio is necessary for the full participation of ungulate females in reproduction and therefore high productivity. We tested this general hypothesis by combining two complementary approaches. 2.,First, using telemetry (n = 60) and annual aerial censuses between 1995 and 1998, we compared two moose Alces alces populations in Quebec, Canada, one non-harvested and the other subject to intensive sport harvesting from the end of September to mid-October. We tested the following predictions for the harvested population: (i) females increase movements and home ranges during the mating period; (ii) the mating system is modified, with the appearance of groups of one male and many females; (iii) subadult males participate in reproduction; (iv) the mating period extends over two to three oestrus cycles; (v) the calving period extends over several months; and (vi) productivity declines. 3.,Daily movements and home range sizes during the mating period did not differ between harvested and non-harvested populations. Most groups observed were male,female pairs. Subadult males (1·5,2·5 years old) were only observed with females in the harvested population. Mating and calving periods did not differ between populations. The proportion of females that gave birth and the number of calves produced were also comparable in the two populations. 4.,Secondly, we also assessed the existence of a relationship between population productivity and percentage of males in various management units of the province of Quebec that were characterized by a wide range in sex ratios. Contrary to prediction (vi), the number of calves per 100 adult females was not related to the percentage of adult males in the population. 5.,The participation of young adult males (subadults) in reproduction in our harvested population may have compensated for the lower percentage of adult males, and thus productivity was unaffected. We therefore reject the hypothesis that intensive harvesting, at least at the level we observed, affects reproduction and population productivity. 6.,As there are some uncertainties regarding the long-term effects of high hunting pressure, however, managers should favour sex ratios close to levels observed in non-harvested populations. [source] Children with physical disability: Gaps in service provision, problems joining inJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 7-8 2008Phillipa Clark Aim: To describe the reported experiences of the estimated 14 500 New Zealand children with a physical disability and those of their families and whanau (extended families). Method: We have used data from the Household Disability Survey conducted in 2002 to obtain this information. Results: These children and their carers reported a number of perceived unmet needs in all areas covered in the survey: service and assistance, transport, accommodation and education. Thus an estimated 24% reported an unmet need for equipment, and 10% an unmet need for home modification. Around 9% reported having to fund respite care themselves. Of particular note was the proportion of children who had difficulties joining in games and sport at school (59%), going on school outings or camps (28%), playing at school (47%), and or making friends (35%). In all, an estimated 67% of children had one or more problems taking part at school. Conclusion: More could be done to help such families and to facilitate the full participation of these children. [source] Critical factors in career decision making for women medical graduatesMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 4 2003Joanna Lawrence Background, Within the next 30 years there will be equal numbers of women and men in the medical workforce. Indications are that women are increasing their participation in specialties other than general practice, although at a slower rate than their participation in the workforce as a whole. To inform those involved in training and employment of medical women, this study investigated the influencing factors in career decision making for female medical graduates. Methods, A total of 305 women medical graduates from the University of Auckland responded to a mail survey (73% response rate) which examined influences on decision making, in both qualitative and quantitative ways, as part of a larger survey. Results, Most women were satisfied with their careers. The principal component analysis of the influencing factors identified four distinct factors important in career choice , interest, flexibility, women friendliness and job security, although the first two of these were rated more highly than the others. Conclusions, Barriers to full participation by medical women in training and employment need to be systematically examined and removed. This is not only to allow women themselves to reach their full potential, but for workforce and socio-economic reasons. Initiatives that allow and value more flexible training and work practices, particularly through the years of child raising, are necessary for women and the health care workforce at large. [source] Early Education for Spatial Intelligence: Why, What, and HowMIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION, Issue 3 2010Nora S. Newcombe Spatial representation and thinking have evolutionary importance for any mobile organism. In addition, they help reasoning in domains that are not obviously spatial, for example, through the use of graphs and diagrams. This article reviews the literature suggesting that mental spatial transformation abilities, while present in some precursory form in infants, toddlers, and preschool children, also undergo considerable development and show important individual differences, which are malleable. These findings provide the basis for thinking about how to promote spatial thinking in preschools, at home, and in children's play. Integrating spatial content into formal and informal instruction could not only improve spatial functioning in general but also reduce differences related to gender and socioeconomic status that may impede full participation in a technological society. [source] Overcoming the barriers to voting experienced by people with learning disabilitiesBRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES, Issue 4 2001Dorothy M. Bell Summary The present paper clarifies the legal situation with respect to people with a learning disability who wish to vote. It also considers other barriers to full participation in the voting franchise, which is a right that many of us see as a sign of our full participation in the democratic process and one that ensures that we have proper representation at the highest level. This paper also considers how many of the obstacles may be overcome. [source] ,Stew Without Bread or Bread Without Stew': Children's Understandings of Poverty in EthiopiaCHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 4 2010Laura Camfield This paper explores children's understandings of poverty, ill-being and well-being in Ethiopia using data collected through group exercises with children aged 5,6 and 11,13 participating in Young Lives, an international study of childhood poverty. In some respects the characteristics of poverty reported by children resemble those reported by adults participating in similar exercises. However, the children's addition of appearance and clothing, and their explanations of the reasoning behind the importance of these indicators of well-being reflect growing inequalities in Ethiopia, where experiences of relative poverty and social exclusion are increasingly common. This evidence argues for broadening the focus of child poverty reduction to include the psychosocial costs of lacking the culturally specific resources required for full participation in society. The paper also illustrates ways in which poverty can be explored by asking about ill-being and that children as young as five years are able to address these themes through well-designed research methods. [source] | ||||||||||