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Freer Trade (freer + trade)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

Crawfish Tails: A Curious Tale of Foreign Trade Policy Making

FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2007
CAMERON G. THIES
This paper presents a case study of the demand for and supply of protectionism upon exposure to international trade. The examination of the crawfish industry demonstrates that theories of the demand for protectionism often provide inadequate or incomplete explanations of outcomes. The curious aspect of this case is that crawfish producers failed to organize to demand protection despite having many factors working in their favor. In fact, political representatives at the state level organized demand from federal agencies on their behalf, thus supplying protection without any real organized demand. In the end, only a handful of crawfish processors (not producers) received any benefits from protection, and Chinese imports still dominate the U.S. crawfish market. The result is consistent with the notion that the U.S. system of trade regulation is designed to produce the appearance, but not the substance of protection in order to uphold general principles of freer trade while making elected officials look responsive to their constituents. [source]

TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND COMPENSATION,

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2006
Carl Davidson
Liberalization harms some groups while generating aggregate benefits. We consider various labor market policies that might be used to compensate those who lose from freer trade. Our goal is to find the policy that compensates each group of losers at the lowest cost to the economy. We argue that wage subsidies should be used to compensate those who bear the adjustment costs triggered by liberalization whereas employment subsidies should be used to compensate those who remain trapped in the previously protected sector. Our analysis indicates that the cost of compensation is low, provided that the right policy is used. [source]

Best Practices to Reduce Migration Pressures

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 3 2002
Philip Martin
Are there best practices to foster economic development, reduce population growth, and protect the environment in source countries of unauthorized migration, in a manner that reduces emigration pressures and redirects migration towards legal channels? This paper outlines cooperative actions that can be undertaken by both source and receiving countries to better manage the movements of people over national borders. There are two broad approaches to foster wanted migration and to reduce unwanted migration. First, maximize migration's payoffs by ensuring that the 3 Rs of recruitment, remittances, and returns foster economic and job growth in emigration areas. Second, make emigration unnecessary by adapting trade, investment and aid policies, and programmes that accelerate economic development and thus make it unnecessary for people to emigrate for jobs and wages. Most of the changes needed for stay,at,home development must occur in emigration areas, but immigration areas can cooperate in the management of immigration, guest workers, and students, as well as in promoting freer trade and investment, and in targeting aid funds. In a globalizing world, selective immigration policies may have important development impacts, as with immigration country policies toward students, and workers in particular occupations, such as nurses and computer programmers, as well as with mutual recognition of occupational licenses and professional credentials. Trade policies affecting migration are also important, such as trade in services and laws regulating contracts between firms in different countries that allow the entry of lower wage workers as part of the contract. opening channels for legal migration can deter irregular migration. [source]

Vertical integration and trade policy: The case of sugar

AGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002
Charles B. Moss
The degree of vertical integration in the U.S. sugar industry between raw-sugar processing and sugar refining cannot be explained using theories of vertical integration based only on transaction costs. We graphically decompose the economic rents accruing to each level participant in the marketing channel. Different strategies of several major sugar producing, processing, and refining entities with regard to sugar quota policy are explored. Firms that are integrated from sugar production through to sugar marketing are less impacted by freer trade than are those that concentrate solely on production. We contrast the sugarcane industry in Florida and Louisiana with sugar beet production and processing in the northern plains. The sugar industry in Florida, because of the high degree of vertical integration, is much more capable of dealing with expanded sugar imports than either sugarcane producers in Louisiana or sugar beet growers in the northern plains where integration is not as pronounced. [Econ-Lit citations: Q18, Q11] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]