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Free Zones (free + zone)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Revenue Mobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges from Globalisation II , Corporate Taxation

DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 5 2010
Michael Keen
This second article evaluates and discusses the challenges to government revenue in sub-Saharan Africa posed by developments in corporate taxation. Using the dataset described in the first article, it shows that, in broad terms, corporate tax revenues in the region have held up, despite a reduction in rates and evidence of substantial base-narrowing (mainly through the provision of tax holidays in Investment Codes and Free Zones). This is something of a puzzle. Options for dealing with the continuation and intensification of the challenges to these revenues, including through regional co-operation, are discussed. [source]

Attempts to Reduce and Eliminate Nuclear Weapons through the Nuclear Non -Proliferation Treaty and the Creation of Nuclear -Weapon -Free Zones

PEACE & CHANGE, Issue 4 2008
Paul J. Magnarella
Nuclear weapons remain the most dangerous weapons of mass destruction threatening our lives and planet. To date, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the most comprehensive international agreement aimed at limiting these weapons. In response to some of NPT's shortcomings, a large number of nonnuclear weapon states have joined together to create nuclear-weapon-free zones (NWFZs). By doing so, they emphatically rejected nuclear weapons on their soil, in their territorial waters, and in their air space. In addition, they ask nuclear weapon states to solemnly promise not to use nuclear weapons against zone members and to do nothing to promote nuclear weapons in their zones. Currently, much of the Southern Hemisphere is covered by NWFZs. An NWFZ has been newly created in Central Asia, and the League of Arab States is considering one in the Middle East. [source]

Hydrate phase equilibria of a near critical fluid: Effect of inhibition and separation

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 7 2001
Kasper K. Østergaard
The hydrate phase boundary of a near critical fluid (NCF) was measured at 275,289 K in the presence of distilled water, synthetic formation water, and synthetic formation water with 10.41 wt. % methanol. The results agreed well with the predictions of an in-house model, based on a cubic equation of state and statistical thermodynamics. To simulate a typical oil/gas production scenario, the NCF was flashed at 298.1 K and 17.189 MPa, and the resulting liquid was subsequently flashed at 298.0 K and 4.089 MPa. Hydrate free zones of the resulting liquid fractions were measured to investigate the physical separation effect on the hydrate phase boundary. The in-house thermodynamic model was used to simulate the separators conditions and to predict the hydrate free zone of the resulting liquid and the vapor fractions. The predictions agreed closely with the experimental data, demonstrating reliability of the thermodynamic model. The results also showed that the hydrate phase boundaries of the vapor and liquid phases, which resulted from physical separation, are similar to that of the NCF. [source]

Caspr reveals an aggregation of nodes and flanking node free zones at the rat trigeminal sensory root and dorsal root entry zones

GLIA, Issue 3 2005
Michael A. Henry
Abstract The sensory root entry zone demarcates the transition from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we describe the organization of nodes of Ranvier at the trigeminal sensory and dorsal root entry zones of the rat. Caspr immunoreactivity (IR) was used to identify the paranodal region of nodes of Ranvier, while L-MAG-IR was used to identify CNS oligodendrocytes. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed a dense aggregation of nodes precisely at the PNS to CNS transition with prominent node-depleted zones on either side, while L-MAG-IR was confined to ensheathing fibers on the central side of nodes located in this dense band and identified these as transitional nodes. Morphometric analysis of the PNS and CNS sides of the trigeminal and the PNS side of the dorsal root entry zones confirmed the presence of virtually node-free domains flanking the transitional zone. Further, the reappearance of nodes on the far side of the node-free zones strongly correlated with nodal diameter, with small nodes reappearing first. These findings suggest that the PNS/CNS transition may represent the initial site of myelination of the primary afferent axon within this area. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Hydrate phase equilibria of a near critical fluid: Effect of inhibition and separation

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 7 2001
Kasper K. Østergaard
The hydrate phase boundary of a near critical fluid (NCF) was measured at 275,289 K in the presence of distilled water, synthetic formation water, and synthetic formation water with 10.41 wt. % methanol. The results agreed well with the predictions of an in-house model, based on a cubic equation of state and statistical thermodynamics. To simulate a typical oil/gas production scenario, the NCF was flashed at 298.1 K and 17.189 MPa, and the resulting liquid was subsequently flashed at 298.0 K and 4.089 MPa. Hydrate free zones of the resulting liquid fractions were measured to investigate the physical separation effect on the hydrate phase boundary. The in-house thermodynamic model was used to simulate the separators conditions and to predict the hydrate free zone of the resulting liquid and the vapor fractions. The predictions agreed closely with the experimental data, demonstrating reliability of the thermodynamic model. The results also showed that the hydrate phase boundaries of the vapor and liquid phases, which resulted from physical separation, are similar to that of the NCF. [source]