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Frequent Sensitizers (frequent + sensitizer)
Selected AbstractsAllergic contact dermatitis from hair dye and development of lichen simplex chronicusCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2004Won Young Chey Those who dye their hair frequently manifest allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from p -phenylenediamine (PPD)-containing hair dye. PPD is known to be the most frequent sensitizer in hair dye, but there has been no documentation of this sensitizer having a role in chronic dermatologic conditions. Our department experienced a case of a 62-year-old woman with lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), who complained of aggravation after hair dyeing and made such an association. We conducted a prospective and retrospective study to further evaluate the clinical associations between the two. In our prospective study, patch testing was performed in selected patients who regularly carried out hair dyeing and also had clinical manifestations of LSC. Also a retrospective examination was conducted in cases where patch testing had been performed with PPD in the past for suspected ACD and further selected cases with concurrent LSC and/or other neurodermatitis. 11 and 14 patients in our prospective and retrospective study, respectively, presented with both LSC and positive findings to PPD. 5 (45.5%) and 4 (28.6%) patients in our prospective and retrospective study showed clinical relevance from clinical improvement after stopping use and rechallenge. We report several cases of patients diagnosed as having LSC and/or prurigo nodularis who showed clinical improvement after discontinuing the use of hair dye. The suggestion can therefore be made that hair dye could be a possible aetiologic agent causing LSC in those using hair dyes. [source] FS01.2 Contact dermatitis to disperse blue 106 in PortugalCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Francisco M Brandao Disperse blue 106 is one of the most important allergenic textile dyes. We reviewed all the patients that proved to be allergic to this dye, in 10 contact clinics, in Portugal, from 01/2000 to 06/2003. In the first 2 years disperse blue 106 was only tested in suspected cases, while in 2002/2003 it was routinely tested in our standard series. A total of 8957 patients (2797M + 6160F) were tested; fifty five patients (17M + 38F)(0.6%) were allergic to the dye, with a significant difference in incidence between the 2 periods (0.2 to 0.9%); a current relevance was found in 38 (69%) patients. In 5 patients the dermatitis was considered occupational. The main localizations were the axillae (25p), the antecubital fossae and the face (13p each), the neck (11p), the feet (8p), the hands and then trunk (7p each). Thirty six out of 44 patients (80%) that were tested with disperse blue 124 were allergic to this dye. Simultaneous reactions to PPDA and to fragrance mix were observed in 12 and 11 patients, respectively. Allergy to other dyes was found in 15 patients. Blouses and skirts were the main offending garments that induced contact allergy. Although both disperse blue 106 and 124 have been reported as frequent sensitizers, it proved not to be such an important allergen in Portugal. However, if tested routinely it can pick up some unexpected relevant allergic patients. [source] Contact allergy caused by air oxidation of common materials , diagnosis and preventionCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Ann-Therese Karlberg When considering the allergenic activity of a compound not only the possibility of bioactivation by skin metabolism but also air activation by autoxidation must be taken into account. Natural compounds (terpenes) easily oxidize at air exposure. They are found in products that are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) i.e. colophony and fragrances. The introduction of oxygen enables the molecules to form antigens with skin proteins via a nucleophilic- electrophilic interaction or via a radical reaction. The latter mechanism seems to be important since the primary oxidation products, the hydroperoxides, are the most potent sensitizers formed. Oxidative decomposition at air exposure resulting in allergenic oxidation products is observed also for other common compounds e.g. ethoxylated fatty alcohols used as surfactants. It is important to test the patient with the offending compounds for diagnosis of ACD. A negative diagnosis can be due to failure in testing with the correct substances. In the case of air activated compounds, testing should not be performed with the pure substances but rather with the oxidation mixture or the most sensitizing oxidation products (the hydroperoxides). We have in multicenter-studies shown that the common fragrance terpenes, limonene and linalool, are frequent sensitizers when oxidized. This is a challenge in clinical practice since such patch test materials are not easily standardized. Compounds, easily activated at air exposure, should be prevented from oxidative decomposition by addition of antioxidants and proper handling and storage. More research is needed in this area. [source] Periocular dermatitis: a report of 401 patientsJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 2 2009E Temesvári Abstract Background, Periocular contact dermatitis may appear as contact conjunctivitis, contact allergic and/or irritative eyelid and periorbital dermatitis, or a combination of these symptoms. The clinical symptoms may be induced by several environmental and therapeutic contact allergens. Objectives, The aim of the present study was to map the eliciting contact allergens in 401 patients with periocular dermatitis (PD) by patch testing with environmental and ophthalmic contact allergens. Methods, Following the methodics of international requirements, 401 patients were tested with contact allergens of the standard environmental series, 133 of 401 patients with the Brial ophthalmic basic and supplementary series as well. Results, Contact hypersensitivity was detected in 34.4% of the patients. Highest prevalence was seen in cases of PD without other symptoms (51.18%), in patients of PD associated with ophthalmic complaints (OC; 30.4%), and PD associated with atopic dermatitis (AD; 27.9%). In the subgroup of PD associated with seborrhoea (S) and rosacea (R), contact hypersensitivity was confirmed in 17.6%. Most frequent sensitisers were nickel sulphate (in 8.9% of the tested 401 patients), fragrance mix I (4.5%), balsam of Peru (4.0%), paraphenylendiamine (PPD) (3.7%), and thiomersal (3.5%). By testing ophthalmic allergens, contact hypersensitivity was observed in nine patients (6.7% of the tested 133 patients). The most common confirmed ophthalmic allergens were cocamidopropyl betaine, idoxuridine, phenylephrine hydrochloride, Na chromoglycinate, and papaine. Limitations, Patients with symptoms of PD were tested from 1996 to 2006. Conclusions, The occurence of contact hypersensitivity in PD patients was in present study 34.4%. A relatively high occurence was seen in cases of PD without other symptoms, in PD + OC and in PD + AD patients. The predominance of environmental contact allergens was remarkable: most frequent sensitizers were nickel sulphate, fragrance mix I, balsam of Peru, thiomersal, and PPD. The prevalence of contact hypersensitivity to ophthalmic allergens did not exceed l.5%. Conflicts of interest None declared [source] Prevalence and risk factors for allergic contact dermatitis to topical treatment in atopic dermatitis: a study in 641 childrenALLERGY, Issue 5 2009C. Mailhol Background:, There is little information regarding the risk of sensitization associated with topical atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. Objectives:, To assess the frequency of sensitization to topical treatment of AD in children and to determine risk factors associated with skin sensitization. Methods:, Six hundred and forty-one children with AD were systematically patch tested with seven agents of common topical treatment: chlorhexidine, hexamidine, budesonide, tixocortol pivalate, bufexamac, sodium fusidate and with the current emollient used by the child. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, age at onset of AD, associated asthma, severity of AD, and history of previous exposure to topical agents used in the treatment of AD. Skin prick tests to inhalant and food allergens were used to explore the IgE-mediated sensitization. Results:, Forty-one positive patch tests were found in 40 patients (6.2%). Allergens were emollients (47.5%), chlorhexidine (42.5%), hexamidine (7.5%), tixocortol pivalate and bufexamac (2.5% each). Risk factors associated with sensitization to AD treatment were AD severity [OR: 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.5,7.1 for moderate to severe AD], AD onset before the age of 6 months (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2,6.1), and IgE-mediated sensitization (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1,5.9). Conclusions:, Topical treatment of AD is associated with cutaneous sensitization. Antiseptics and emollients represent the most frequent sensitizers and may be included in the standard series in AD children when contact dermatitis is suspected. Risk factors associated with sensitization to AD topical treatments are AD severity, early AD onset and IgE-mediated sensitization. [source] | ||||||||||