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Frequency Alone (frequency + alone)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Understanding the Patient With Migraine: The Evolution From Episodic Headache to Chronic Neurologic Disease.

HEADACHE, Issue 5 2004
A Proposed Classification of Patients With Headache
Traditionally, episodic primary headache disorders are characterized by a return of preheadache (normal) neurologic function between episodes of headache. In contrast, patients with chronic headache often do not return to normal neurologic function between headache attacks. This article proposes that the evolution from episodic migraine to chronic headache may parallel the neurologic disruption observed during the progression of an acute migraine attack and that changes in baseline neurologic function between episodes of headache may be a more sensitive indicator of headache transformation than headache frequency alone. Early recognition of nonheadache changes in nervous system function may offer a more sensitive and specific approach to migraine prevention. [source]

Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption in the United States: Quantity, Frequency, and Cause-Specific Mortality

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 3 2008
Rosalind A. Breslow
Background:, Alcohol average volume (quantity multiplied by frequency) has been associated with mortality in drinkers. However, average volume may mask associations due to quantity or frequency alone. Methods:, We prospectively assessed relationships between alcohol quantity and frequency, and mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other-causes in a cohort created by linking the 1988 National Health Interview Survey (response rate 87%) to the National Death Index through 2002. Participants were 20,765 current drinkers age , 18 years. At 14-year follow-up 2,547 had died. Results:, For quantity, among men who consumed ,5 drinks (compared to 1 drink) on drinking days, adjusted relative risks (RR) of mortality were: for cardiovascular disease, 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96,1.75; p for linear trend (p -trend) = 0.0295], for cancer, 1.53 (95% CI 1.11,2.09; p -trend = 0.0026), and for other-causes, 1.42 (95% CI 1.08,1.87; p -trend = 0.0029); among women for other-causes, 2.88 (95% CI 1.61,5.12; p -trend = 0.0010). For frequency, among men in the highest frequency quartile (compared to the lowest), RR were: for cardiovascular disease, 0.79 (95% CI 0.63,0.99; p -trend = 0.0330), for cancer, 1.23 (95% CI 0.95,1.59; p -trend = 0.0461), and for other-causes, 1.30 (95% CI 1.01,1.67; p -trend = 0.0070); among women, for cancer, 1.65 (95% CI 1.12,2.45, p -trend = 0.0031). Average volume obscured effects of quantity alone and frequency alone, particularly for cardiovascular disease in men where quantity and frequency trended in opposite directions. Conclusions:, Alcohol quantity and frequency were independently associated with cause-specific mortality. Accumulating evidence of their differential effects may, in the future, be useful for clinical and public health recommendations. [source]

Paternity frequency and maternity of males in some stingless bee species

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 10 2002
Kellie A. Palmer
Abstract In monogynous hymenopteran societies, the number of mates of a queen strongly influences the potential for conflict between workers and queens over the maternity of males. Queens always ,prefer' their own sons to sons of workers, regardless of queen mating frequency. When a queen mates once, workers are more closely related to, and therefore are expected to prefer, their own sons and then sons of sisters to sons of the queen. However, if effective paternity frequency exceeds 2, workers on average should prefer queen-produced males to males produced by their sisters. We studied the queen mating frequency of seven stingless bee species: the Mexican species Scaptotrigona mexicana, S. pectoralis and the Australian species Austroplebeia symei, Trigona clypearis, T. hockingsi, T. mellipes and T. sapiens. We then determined whether males arise from eggs laid by workers or queens in A. symei, T. clypearis, T. hockingsi and T. mellipes. We show that all seven species investigated are most likely singly mated and that the queen dominates reproduction. This indicates that the queen's mating frequency alone does not determine whether workers or the queen produces the males. [source]

Determinants of disability in everyday activities differ in primary and cervicogenic headaches and in low back pain

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 3 2006
GYÖNGYI GESZTELYI md
Abstract The aim of this study was to test whether the association between disability and depressive symptoms in patients with cervicogenic headache is similar to that found in primary headaches or to the pattern found in low back pain. During a 2-year period, 716 consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of cervicogenic headache (n = 182), low back pain (n = 116), migraine (n = 231), tension-type headache (n = 176), and cluster headache (n = 11) filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Disability was scored by the migraine disability score questionnaire reflecting the number of days with lost or decreased work, household and social activities. Non-parametric tests and multiple general regression were used for statistical analysis. In multivariate testing, significant independent determinants of disability were pain frequency, pain intensity and the severity of depressive symptoms in migraine and tension-type headache; pain frequency and the BDI score in cervicogenic headache, and pain frequency alone in low back pain. Disability is related to pain frequency in all pain syndromes evaluated in the present study. The level of disability is associated with the severity of pain only in primary headaches, but not in pain syndromes of vertebral origin (cervicogenic headache and low back pain). Disability is associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in all headache types but not in low back pain. Both the location and the etiology of pain have importance in determining the interrelationship between pain characteristics, depression and disability. [source]