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Fruit Peel (fruit + peel)
Selected AbstractsSTORAGE QUALITY of ETHYLENE TREATED ,ANJOU' and ,BOSC WINTER PEARSJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 5 2000S.R. DRAKE ,Anjou' and ,Bosc' pears (Pyrus communis, L.) were harvested one to two days prior to commercial harvest from three orchards in the Wenatchee growing district of Washington. Harvested fruit were treated with 300 ppm ethylene for three days at 20C. Ethylene treatment enhanced yellow color on fruit peel and the reduction of flesh firmness, and increased spoilage after 90 days in either regular atmosphere (RA) storage or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage regardless of cultivar. Ethylene-treated fruit, of both cultivars, stored in CA had a longer storage life than fruit stored in RA. the safe storage period of ethylene-treated ,Anjou'and ,Bosc' pears was 90 and 45 days, respectively, in RA and 120 and 90 days, respectively, in CA. [source] Red ,Anjou' pear has a higher photoprotective capacity than green ,Anjou'PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, Issue 3 2008Pengmin Li Photoprotective function of anthocyanins along with xanthophyll cycle and antioxidant system in fruit peel was investigated in red ,Anjou' vs green ,Anjou' pear (Pyrus communis) during fruit development and in response to short-term exposure to high light. The sun-exposed peel of red ,Anjou' had higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM) than that of green ,Anjou' and both the sun-exposed peel and the shaded peel of red ,Anjou' had smaller decreases in FV/FM after 2-h high light (photon flux density of 1500 ,mol m,2 s,1) treatment than those of green ,Anjou'. At the middle and late developmental stages, the xanthophyll cycle pool size on a chlorophyll basis, the activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the level of reduced ascorbate and total ascorbate pool in the sun-exposed peel were either the same or lower in red ,Anjou' than in green ,Anjou', whereas the xanthophyll cycle pool size on a chlorophyll basis and the activity of APX, catalase, MDAR, DHAR and GR in the shaded peel were higher in red ,Anjou' than in green ,Anjou'. It is concluded that red ,Anjou' has a higher photoprotective capacity in both the sun-exposed peel and the shaded peel than green ,Anjou'. While the higher anthocyanin concentration along with the larger xanthophyll cycle pool size and the higher activity of some antioxidant enzymes may collectively contribute to the higher photoprotective capacity in the shaded peel of red ,Anjou', the higher photoprotective capacity in the sun-exposed peel of red ,Anjou' is mainly attributed to its higher anthocyanin concentration. [source] Citrus abscission and Arabidopsis plant decline in response to 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H -pyrazole are mediated by lipid signallingPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 11 2005FERNANDO ALFEREZ ABSTRACT The compound 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H -pyrazole (CMNP) is a pyrazole-derivative that induces abscission selectively in mature citrus (Citrus sinensis) fruit when applied to the canopy and has herbicidal activity on plants when applied to roots. Despite the favourable efficacy of this compound, the mode of action remains unknown. To gain information about the mode of action of CMNP, the effect of application to mature citrus fruit and Arabidopsis thaliana roots was explored. Peel contact was essential for mature fruit abscission in citrus, whereas root drenching was essential for symptom development and plant decline in Arabidopsis. CMNP was identified as an uncoupler in isolated soybean (Glycine max) mitochondria and pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts and an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase in citrus peel, but not an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase. CMNP treatment reduced ATP content in citrus peel and Arabidopsis leaves. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) levels increased in flavedo of citrus fruit peel and leaves of Arabidopsis plants treated with CMNP. An inhibitor of PLA2 activity, aristolochic acid (AT), reduced CMNP-induced increases in PLA2 and LOX activities and LPO levels in citrus flavedo and Arabidopsis leaves and greatly reduced abscission in citrus and delayed symptoms of plant decline in Arabidopsis. However, AT treatment failed to halt the reduction in ATP content. Reduction in ATP content preceded the increase in PLA2 and LOX activities, LPO content and the biological response. The results indicate a link between lipid signalling, abscission in citrus and herbicidal damage in Arabidopsis. [source] Phenolic content and profiles of selected wild fruits of Zimbabwe: Ximenia caffra, Artobotrys brachypetalus and Syzygium cordatumINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2008A. R. Ndhlala Summary The phenolic compound content and profiles of three wild fruits found in Zimbabwe were tentatively identified using the traditional colorimetric methods and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fruits assayed were: Ximenia caffra, Artobotrys brachypetalus and Syzygium cordatum. Ximenia caffra fruit peels contained the highest amounts of total phenolics amounting to 1205 ,g g,1 in fresh weight, flavonols amounting to 27 ,g g,1 and phenolic acids on HPLC tentative identification showed higher concentrations compared with the profiles of the other fruits. Syzygium cordatum fruit peels contained the least amounts of phenolics amounting to 20 ,g g,1, flavonols amounting to 8 ,g g,1 and phenolic acids' HPLC profiles showed low concentrations. Comparing the peels and pulps of all the fruits, we detected more total phenolics in the peels of X. caffra as high as 1205 ,g g,1 and the pulps had 228 ,g g,1, more flavonols and phenolic acids while the peels of S. cordatum fruits contained the least with a total phenolic acid content of 20 ,g g,1, and had more flavonols in the pulps than the peels, 11 ,g g,1 and 8 ,g g,1, respectively. Ximenia caffra contained 1.2% and about 1% dry weight condensed tannins in peels and pulps, respectively. In S. cordatum we detected 0.2% and 0.3% dry weight condensed tannins in the peels and pulps, respectively. [source] | |||||||||||||