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Former Yugoslav Republic (former + yugoslav_republic)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	60%
Medical Sciences	40%

Selected Abstracts

Probabilities of activation of seismic faults in critical regions of the Aegean area

GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2004
C. B. Papazachos
SUMMARY Properties of the accelerating seismic crustal deformation pattern and of the intermediate-term seismic quiescence pattern have been combined to identify faults in the Aegean area (34°N,43°N, 19°E,30°E) that have a considerable probability of generating strong earthquakes (M, 6.4) during the next 5-yr period. Eight groups of such faults have been identified, and the probability of each fault being activated during this time period has been estimated. Three of these groups are located in southern Greece (Hellenic Arc), two in central Greece (East Central Greece, Ionian Islands), two in northwestern Turkey and one in the area of the borders of Albania, Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The importance of these results for intermediate-term seismic hazard assessment is discussed. [source]

Genetic divergence between morphological forms of brown trout Salmo trutta L. in the Balkan region of Macedonia

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010
S. Lo Brutto
The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic structure of two Balkan brown trout morphotypes, Salmo macedonicus and Salmo pelagonicus, and to test whether molecular traits support the species' status proposed by traditional morphological identification. The mitochondrial DNA 12S-rDNA, cyt b and control region genes were sequenced in 15 specimens collected from three localities in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The results of these markers did not support the taxonomic category of species but confirmed the existence of two morphotypes, Salmo trutta macedonicus and Salmo trutta pelagonicus, in the Aegean,Adriatic lineages of the Salmo trutta species complex. [source]

Possibilities and options for the Clean Development Mechanism and the Green Investment Scheme in Central and Eastern Europe: Macedonian and Romanian perspectives

NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM, Issue 1 2007
Maria Khovanskaia
Abstract Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is a rapidly changing and developing region which is making the transition to a market based economy. Along with economic reforms, the countries of the region are engaged in substantial environmental reforms, including climate change mitigation activities. Mitigation of, and adaptation to, the consequences of climate change are costly processes. It is therefore of great importance that the national and international mechanisms addressing these problems use methods both environmentally sound and economically efficient. Through two case studies that address the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Green Investment Scheme (GIS) in Romania, this paper explores challenges, related tasks and main problems in the establishment of mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol in Central and Eastern Europe. [source]

Economic and cultural correlates of cannabis use among mid-adolescents in 31 countries

ADDICTION, Issue 2 2006
Tom Ter Bogt
ABSTRACT Aims To examine cannabis use among mid-adolescents in 31 countries and associations with per-capita personal consumer expenditure (PCE), unemployment, peer factors and national rates of cannabis use in 1999. Design, participants and measurement Nationally representative, self-report, classroom survey with 22 223 male and 24 900 female 15-year-olds. Country characteristics were derived from publicly available economic databases and previously conducted cross-national surveys on substance use. Findings Cannabis use appears to be normative among mid-adolescents in North America and several countries in Europe. The life-time prevalence of cannabis use was 26% among males and 15% among females and was lowest for males and females in the former Yugoslav Republic (TFYR) of Macedonia: 2.5% and to 2.5%, respectively; and highest for males in Switzerland (49.1%) and in Greenland for females (47.0%). The highest prevalence of frequent cannabis use (more than 40 times in life-time) was seen in Canada for males (14.2%) and in the United States for females (5.5%). Overall, life-time prevalence and frequent use are associated with PCE, perceived availability of cannabis (peer culture) and the presence of communities of older cannabis users (drug climate). Conclusions As PCE increases, cannabis use may be expected to increase and gender differences decease. Cross-national comparable policy measures should be developed and evaluated to examine which harm reduction strategies are most effective. [source]

Decentralization and health care in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2006
Sonia Menon
Abstract Since its independence in 1991, the Republic of Macedonia became a highly centralized state, with most relevant decisions taken at the central level in Skopje, resembling the highly centralized system, which once characterized Former Yugoslavia. As agreed in the Framework Agreement, which ended six months of internal conflict, the Macedonian Government will decentralize public services delivery, including social protection, health, education, and infrastructure over the course of the next few years. Within health care, it is argued that by placing policy-making authority and operating control closer to the client, decentralization will reduce some of the inequities in service provision and inefficiencies present within the current centrally controlled system. In principle, local voters will have more information on the price and quality of services, thereby increasing competition in the sector and strengthening the private sector. The emphasis on market incentives resulting in greater efficiency and better management of health care institutions is viewed as one of the benefits of privatization. Critics of decentralization and the subsequent privatization of public services fear it may result in an erosion of quality and consistency across regions, leaving some regions, cities, villages and potentially vulnerable groups worse off than others. The paper argues that if the institutional weaknesses in Macedonia have not been addressed, decentralisation could result in further excluding the rural population from health care provision. Similarly, the need for a clear delineation of responsibilities and functions among different levels and institutions is outlined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]