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Forensic Setting (forensic + setting)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Psychology44%
Medical Sciences44%

Selected Abstracts

Psychic Assaults and Frightened Clinicians: Countertransference in Forensic Settings

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 7 2009
RICHARD LAKEMAN dipnsg bn ba (hons) pg dip (psychotherapy)
[source]

Psychic Assaults and Frightened Clinicians: Countertransference in Forensic Settings , Edited by John Gordon and Gabriel Kirtchuk

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 2 2009
Anne ZacharyArticle first published online: 1 APR 200
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Ossification of Laryngeal Structures as Indicators of Age,

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 5 2008
Heather M. Garvin M.S.
Abstract:, As the role of forensic anthropologists expands to the medical examiner setting, their expertise is being applied beyond the traditional dry skeletal material. In such scenarios radiographic techniques can be applied when maceration is not appropriate. This study explores the use of radiographic analysis of laryngeal structures for age-at-death determination. Isolated human laryngeal structures (n = 104) from individuals between the ages of 15 and 89 were removed at autopsy and radiographically examined. The cricoid and individual regions of the thyroid cartilage were scored according to degree of ossification, and the relationship between age and degree of ossification statistically examined. A previously published study on age-determination from thyroid ossification by ,ernư was assessed for accuracy. The results of the study indicate that although a consistent sequence in the ossification of laryngeal structures exists, variations in timing does not permit narrow age range estimates. Consequently the method presented by ,ernư is inaccurate and should not be used in the forensic setting. [source]

The relationship between risk and insight in a high-security forensic setting

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2003
P. WOODS RMN phDDip Health Care Research
It is often intimated amongst practitioners in mental healthcare that clients who display poor insight either into their mental health or behaviour present a greater risk either to themselves or others. This paper reports relationships found between the risk and insight subscales of the Behavioural Status Index. This is an instrument designed specifically for healthcare practitioners to measure health functioning amongst mental health clients, in particular those in forensic mental healthcare. Data were collected, using a repeated measures method by primary nurses, from a sample of 503 patients in two high-security mental health hospitals. Seven factors emerged through factor analysis. The first of these contained all the insight items. Significant differences were found on a number of factors between independent groups. Generally, results indicate that patients on lower dependency wards scored more normatively on the factors, adding to instrument validity. Men were found to score more normatively than women. Clinical practice implications and ongoing European studies examining the use of the instrument in clinical practice and its association with treatment planning are discussed. [source]

Traumatic axonal injury: practical issues for diagnosis in medicolegal cases

NEUROPATHOLOGY & APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2000
J. F. Geddes
In the 25 years or so after the first clinicopathological descriptions of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), the criterion for diagnosing recent traumatic white matter damage was the identification of swollen axons (,bulbs') on routine or silver stains, in the appropriate clinical setting. In the last decade, however, experimental work has given us greater understanding of the cellular events initiated by trauma to axons, and this in turn has led to the adoption of immunocytochemical methods to detect markers of axonal damage in both routine and experimental work. These methods have shown that traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is much more common than previously realized, and that what was originally described as DAI occupies only the most severe end of a spectrum of diffuse trauma-induced brain injury. They have also revealed a whole field of previously unrecognized white matter pathology, in which axons are diffusely damaged by processes other than head injury; this in turn has led to some terminological confusion in the literature. Neuropathologists are often asked to assess head injuries in a forensic setting: the diagnostic challenge is to sort out whether the axonal damage detected in a brain is indeed traumatic, and if so, to decide what , if anything , can be inferred from it. The lack of correlation between well-documented histories and neuropathological findings means that in the interpretation of assault cases at least, a diagnosis of ,TAI' or ,DAI' is likely to be of limited use for medicolegal purposes [source]

Virtobot,a multi-functional robotic system for 3D surface scanning and automatic post mortem biopsy

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY, Issue 1 2010
Lars Christian Ebert
Abstract Background The Virtopsy project, a multi-disciplinary project that involves forensic science, diagnostic imaging, computer science, automation technology, telematics and biomechanics, aims to develop new techniques to improve the outcome of forensic investigations. This paper presents a new approach in the field of minimally invasive virtual autopsy for a versatile robotic system that is able to perform three-dimensional (3D) surface scans as well as post mortem image-guided soft tissue biopsies. Methods The system consists of an industrial six-axis robot with additional extensions (i.e. a linear axis to increase working space, a tool-changing system and a dedicated safety system), a multi-slice CT scanner with equipment for angiography, a digital photogrammetry and 3D optical surface-scanning system, a 3D tracking system, and a biopsy end effector for automatic needle placement. A wax phantom was developed for biopsy accuracy tests. Results Surface scanning times were significantly reduced (scanning times cut in half, calibration three times faster). The biopsy module worked with an accuracy of 3.2 mm. Discussion Using the Virtobot, the surface-scanning procedure could be standardized and accelerated. The biopsy module is accurate enough for use in biopsies in a forensic setting. Conclusion The Virtobot can be utilized for several independent tasks in the field of forensic medicine, and is sufficiently versatile to be adapted to different tasks in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Nature, extent, and causes of bullying among personality-disordered patients in a high-secure hospital

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 3 2004
Jane L. Ireland
Abstract The present study explored the perceptions and experiences of the nature, extent and causes of bullying among personality-disordered patients, with a subsidiary aim of exploring differences in perceptions between staff and patients. The sample was selected from the Personality Disorder Unit of a high secure hospital. The total sample consisted of 60 participants, 30 patients and 30 staff. Participants engaged in a semi-structured interview based on that developed by Brookes [1993] and modified by Ireland and Archer [1996] and Ireland [2002a]. The interview assessed their perceptions and experiences of patient-to-patient bullying. One fifth of patients and staff reported that they had seen a patient being bullied in the previous week. One-fifth of patients reported that they had been bullied in the previous week and less than one tenth reported that they had bullied others. The most frequent types of bullying reported were theft-related, verbal abuse, being made to do chores, physical assaults and intimidation. One fifth of the sample reported that sexual abuse took place. Victims were generally perceived to be ,easy targets' that were vulnerable, either physically or emotionally. Staff identified a wider range of victim types than patients. The results highlight how patient-to-patient bullying does occur and is an important issue worthy of further research. A number of similarities were found between the current findings and those of prison-based research suggesting that both hospitals and prisons share a number of environmental similarities that help to explain why bullying takes placed in secure forensic settings. Aggr. Behav. 30:229,242, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The development of decision-making capacities in children and adolescents: Psychological and neurological perspectives and their implications for juvenile defendants

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 2 2009
Praveen Kambam M.D.
The development of decision-making capacities in children and adolescents has been a topic of interest for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Questions regarding the development of decision-making capacities (and moral reasoning) of youth frequently arise in juvenile justice settings, other forensic settings, and sometimes in treatment settings. This article attempts to review the latest and most relevant research on the development of decision-making capacities likely to be relevant in children and adolescents who are defendants. We distinguish cognition versus judgment in decision-making and briefly review adolescent decision-making in laboratory and real world conditions. We review a theoretical framework of two different systems, a cognitive-control system and socio-emotional system, and potentially correlated neurobiological and psychological findings. Implications for selected aspects of the juvenile adjudicative process are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Empirical evidence on the use and effectiveness of telepsychiatry via videoconferencing: Implications for forensic and correctional psychiatry

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 3 2008
Diana J. Antonacci M.D.
A growing body of literature now suggests that use of telepsychiatry to provide mental health services has the potential to solve the workforce shortage problem that directly affects access to care, especially in remote and underserved areas. Live interactive two-way audio,video communication,videoconferencing,is the modality most applicable to psychiatry and has become synonymous with telepsychiatry involving patient care, distance education, and administration. This article reviews empirical evidence on the use and effectiveness of videoconferencing in providing diagnostic and treatment services in mental health settings that serve child, adolescent, and adult populations. Descriptive reports, case studies, research articles, and randomized controlled trials related to clinical outcomes were identified and reviewed independently by two authors. Articles related to cost-effectiveness, technological issues, or legal or ethical aspects of telepsychiatry were excluded. The review of the evidence broadly covers mental health service provision in all settings, including forensic settings. Given the sparse literature on telepsychiatry in forensic settings, we discuss implications for mental health care across settings and populations and comment on future directions and potential uses in forensic or correctional psychiatry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]